flink快速上手

繁星-赵老师

已于 2024-04-06 01:02:06 修改

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文章标签： java flink kafka

于 2023-01-15 14:12:33 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2301_76154806/article/details/128693440

版权

Flink用于处理有状态的流式计算，需要对Source端的数据进行加工处理，然后写入到Sink端，下图展示了在Flink中数据所经历的过程，今天就根据这张图分别给大家分享下。

快速上手

1.添加依赖

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <flink.version>1.12.2</flink.version>
        <target.java.version>1.8</target.java.version>
        <scala.binary.version>2.12</scala.binary.version>
    </properties>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- This dependency is provided, because it should not be packaged into the JAR file. -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-streaming-java_${scala.binary.version}</artifactId>
            <version>${flink.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.flink/flink-clients -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-clients_2.12</artifactId>
            <version>1.12.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-connector-kafka_2.11</artifactId>
            <version>1.12.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-connector-jdbc_2.11</artifactId>
            <version>1.12.7</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>ru.yandex.clickhouse</groupId>
            <artifactId>clickhouse-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>0.3.2</version>
        </dependency>

2.读取kafka数据


        StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
        DataStream<String> transactions = env
                .addSource(new FlinkKafkaConsumer<>(topicName, new SimpleStringSchema(), properties));
        transactions.print();
        env.execute();

01 Environment

Flink所有的程序都从这一步开始，只有创建了执行环境，才能开始下一步的编写。可以使用如下方式获取运行环境：

（1）getExecutionEnvironment

创建一个执行环境，表示当前执行程序的上下文

如果程序是独立调用的，则此方法返回本地执行环境

如果从命令行客户端调用程序以提交到集群，则此方法返回此集群的执行环境

会根据查询运行的方式决定返回什么样的运行环境


StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();

02 Source&Sink

Source即Flink中的数据源，Sink则为数据输出端，Flink通过Flink Streaming Connector来与外部存储系统连接，Flink主要通过四种方式完成数据交换：

Flink预定义的Source与Sink

Flink内部提供的Boundled Connectors

第三方Apache Bahir项目中的连接器

异步IO方式

下面主要对预定义内容及Boundled Connectors作为介绍，更多内容可以参考

（1）预定义的Source&Sink

先来看一下Flink给我们提供的内置Source，这些方法都位于StreamExecutionEnvironment类中。

Flink中内置的Sink如下图，均位于DataStream类中。

基于文件的 source 和 sink

从文本文件中读取数据


env.readTextFile(path)

将结果从文本或 csv 格式写出到文件中


dataStream.writeAsText(path) ;
dataStream.writeAsCsv(path);

（2）内置连接器

在官网中，给出了如下的Connectors：

Apache Kafka (source/sink)

JDBC (sink)

Apache Cassandra (sink)

Amazon Kinesis Streams (source/sink)

Elasticsearch (sink)

FileSystem (sink)

RabbitMQ (source/sink)

Google PubSub (source/sink)

Hybrid Source (source)

Apache NiFi (source/sink)

Apache Pulsar (source)

Twitter Streaming API (source)

在使用过程中，提交 Job 的时候需要注意， job 代码 jar 包中一定要将相应的 connetor 相关类打包进去，否则在提交作业时就会失败，提示找不到相应的类，或初始化某些类异常

（3）自定义Source&Sink

除了上述的Source与Sink外，Flink还支持自定义Source与Sink。

自定义Source

实现SourceFunction类

重写run方法和cancel方法

在主函数中通过addSource调用


public class MySource implements SourceFunction<String> {
    // 定义一个运行标志位，表示数据源是否运行
    Boolean flag = true;
    @Override
    public void run(SourceContext<String> sourceContext) throws Exception {
        while (flag){
            sourceContext.collect("当前时间为：" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            Thread.sleep(100);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void cancel() {
        flag = false;
    }
}

自定义Sink

继承SinkFunction

重写invoke方法

下面给出了自定义JDBC Sink的案例，可以参考


public class MyJdbcSink extends RichSinkFunction<String> {
    
    // 定义连接
    Connection conn;
    
    // 创建连接
    @Override
    public void open(Configuration parameters) throws Exception {
        super.open(parameters);
        conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test","root","root");
    }

    // 关闭连接
    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        super.close();
        conn.close();
    }

    // 调用连接执行SQL
    @Override
    public void invoke(String value, Context context) throws Exception {
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(value);
        preparedStatement.execute();
        preparedStatement.close();
    }
}


env.addSink(newMyJdbcSink());


        rongHeStream.addSink(JdbcSink.sink(
                "INSERT INTO ronghe_log VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
                (preparedStatement, rongHeLog) -> {
                    preparedStatement.setObject(1, rongHeLog.getId());
                    preparedStatement.setObject(2, rongHeLog.getDeviceNum());
                    preparedStatement.setObject(3, rongHeLog.getSrcIp());
                    preparedStatement.setObject(4, rongHeLog.getSrcPort());
                    preparedStatement.setObject(5, rongHeLog.getDstIp());
                    preparedStatement.setObject(6, rongHeLog.getDstPort());
                    preparedStatement.setObject(7, rongHeLog.getProtocol());
                    preparedStatement.setObject(8, new Timestamp(rongHeLog.getLastOccurTime()));

                    //SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
                    //Date date = new Date(rongHeLog.getLastOccurTime());
                    //String dateStr = simpleDateFormat.format(date);

                    preparedStatement.setObject(9, rongHeLog.getCount());

                    try {
                        String idListJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(rongHeLog.getSourceLogIds());
                        preparedStatement.setObject(10, idListJson);
                    } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    }

                },
                JdbcExecutionOptions.builder()
                        .withBatchSize(10)
                        .build(),
                new JdbcConnectionOptions.JdbcConnectionOptionsBuilder()
                        .withDriverName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver")
                        .withUrl("jdbc:mysql://81.70.199.213:3306/flink21?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useSSL=false")
                        .withUsername("root")
                        .withPassword("lJPWRbm06NbToDL03Ecj")
                        .build()

        ));

03 Keyed + Windows

//2. 时间窗口 + 滚动窗口
KeyedStream<SwitchPacket, String> keyedStream = watermarksStream.keyBy(SwitchPacket::getKey);
//真实公司中大致1分钟左右一聚合
WindowedStream<SwitchPacket, String, TimeWindow> timeWindowedStream = keyedStream.timeWindow(Time.seconds(10));

04 本地webui启动

添加依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-runtime-web_2.12</artifactId>
            <version>${flink.version}</version>
        </dependency>

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        //configuration.setString(RestOptions.BIND_PORT, "8081");
        configuration.setInteger("rest.port", 8082);
        StreamExecutionEnvironment environment = StreamExecutionEnvironment.createLocalEnvironmentWithWebUI(configuration);

        DataStreamSource<String> streamSource = environment.addSource(new SourceFunction<String>() {
            @Override
            public void run(SourceContext<String> sourceContext) throws Exception {
                while (true) {
                    String str = "" + System.currentTimeMillis();
                    sourceContext.collect(str);
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void cancel() {
            }
        });

        streamSource.print();

        environment.execute();
    }

05 水印

        environment.setStreamTimeCharacteristic(TimeCharacteristic.EventTime);

        //0. 设置eventtime语义
        //1. 添加waterwark
        SingleOutputStreamOperator<SwitchPacket> watermarksStream = processed.assignTimestampsAndWatermarks(new BoundedOutOfOrdernessTimestampExtractor<SwitchPacket>(Time.seconds(0)) {
            @Override
            public long extractTimestamp(SwitchPacket element) {
                return element.getCreateTime();
            }
        });