Ubuntu20.04，Centos7.6，Rocky8安装后的初始化

Centos8.5

1.仓库

https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo

dnf makecache

2.epel源

yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm

Ubuntu20.04

1.修改root密码

sudo -i
passwd root

2.安装软件

apt install vim ssh net-tools 

3.仓库

清华源仓库 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

vim /etc/apt/sources.list

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

4.修改网卡名

(1)vim /etc/default/grub
   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 引号中添加参数 net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
(2)update-grub
(3)在/etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml文件中修改网卡名为传统名称 eth0
(4)reboot

5.修改静态IP地址(su root)

（1）ip a #查看IP地址，网卡名称
（2）route -n #查看默认网关（apt install net-tools）
（3）修改00-installer-config.yaml文件
        cd /etc/netplan
     cp 00-installer-config.yaml  00-installer-config.yaml.bak
     vim 00-installer-config.yaml #按照格式修改，不要复制，因为错开空格也是格式
     network:
       version: 2
       #renderer: NetworkManager
       ethernets:
         eth0:   # 网卡名称
           dhcp4: no     # 关闭dhcp
           dhcp6: no
           addresses: [10.0.0.7/24]  # 静态ip
           gateway4: 10.0.0.2    # 网关
           nameservers:
             addresses: [8.8.8.8, 114.114.114.114] #dns
（4）sudo netplan apply #配置生效
（5）ping www.baidu.com #测试网络

6.Ubuntu开启root远程登录功能

sed -i '/PermitRootLogin/c PermitRootLogin yes' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
systemctl restart sshd

7.关闭防火墙

systemctl stop ufw

Centos7.6

1.仓库

清华源仓库https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/centos/

sudo sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
    -e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos|g' \
    -i.bak \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

sudo yum makecache

2.epel源

清华源epel | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror

yum install epel-release

sed -e 's!^metalink=!#metalink=!g' \
    -e 's!^#baseurl=!baseurl=!g' \
    -e 's!https\?://download\.fedoraproject\.org/pub/epel!https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel!g' \
    -e 's!https\?://download\.example/pub/epel!https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel!g' \
    -i /etc/yum.repos.d/epel{,-testing}.repo

yum update

3.修改网卡名，静态ip

sed -ri '/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s#(.*)"$#\1 net.ifnames=0"#' /etc/default/grub
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 #修改静态IP地址，网卡名
NAME=eth0
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=10.0.0.9
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.0.0.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114

systemctl restart network
reboot

ping www.baidu.com 若出现ping: www.baidu.com: Name or service not known问题
解决：
vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 114.114.114.114

4.关闭防火墙，Selinux

systemctl disable --now firewalld 
sed -i '/^SELINUX=/c SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config

Centos8.5

1.仓库

清华源仓库https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/centos/

sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
    -e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos|g' \
    -i.bak \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo

yum makecache

2.epel源

 清华源epel | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror

yum install epel-release

sed -e 's!^metalink=!#metalink=!g' \
    -e 's!^#baseurl=!baseurl=!g' \
    -e 's!https\?://download\.fedoraproject\.org/pub/epel!https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel!g' \
    -e 's!https\?://download\.example/pub/epel!https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel!g' \
    -i /etc/yum.repos.d/epel{,-testing}.repo

yum update

3.修改网卡名，静态ip

sed -ri '/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s#(.*)"$#\1 net.ifnames=0"#' /etc/default/grub
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 #修改静态IP地址，网卡名
NAME=eth0
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=10.0.0.9
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.0.0.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114

systemctl restart network
reboot

ping www.baidu.com 若出现ping: www.baidu.com: Name or service not known问题
解决：
vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 114.114.114.114

4.关闭防火墙，Selinux

systemctl disable --now firewalld 
sed -i '/^SELINUX=/c SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config

Rocky8.6

1.仓库

阿里云仓库https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/rockylinux?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.1a9a1b11Hz4Az5

cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.bcak  #备份整个配置目录

sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
    -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux|g' \
    -i.bak \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/Rocky-BaseOS.repo

dnf makecache  #更新软件包缓存

2.修改网卡名

sed -ri '/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s#(.*)"$#\1 net.ifnames=0"#' /etc/default/grub
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 
reboot

3.修改静态IP地址

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
NAME=eth0
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=10.0.0.10
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.0.0.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114

nmcli connnection reload
nmcli connnettion up eth0

systemctl status NetworkManager.service   #Rocky8.6的网络管理工具是NetworkManager.service

4.关闭防火墙，Selinux

systemctl disable --now firewalld 
sed -i '/^SELINUX=/c SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config