英语中常见连词的介绍和比较

连词分为两大类:并列连词(Coordinating Conjunctions)和从属连词(Subordinating Conjunctions)。

1. 并列连词(Coordinating Conjunctions)

并列连词用于连接同等重要的词、短语或句子。常见的并列连词有 FANBOYS:For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So。

1.1 And
  • 用法:表示并列或添加。
  • 例句
    • I like apples and oranges.(我喜欢苹果和橙子。)
    • She studied hard and passed the exam.(她努力学习并通过了考试。)
1.2 But
  • 用法:表示对比或转折。
  • 例句
    • I wanted to go, but I was too tired.(我想去,但我太累了。)
    • She is smart, but she is not very social.(她很聪明,但不太合群。)
1.3 Or
  • 用法:表示选择。
  • 例句
    • Do you want tea or coffee?(你想要茶还是咖啡?)
    • You can go now or wait until later.(你现在可以走,或者等到后来。)
1.4 So
  • 用法:表示结果或结论。
  • 例句
    • It was raining, so we stayed inside.(天在下雨,所以我们待在室内。)
    • She worked hard, so she got a promotion.(她努力工作,所以得到了晋升。)
1.5 For
  • 用法:表示原因或理由。
  • 例句
    • She was late, for the traffic was heavy.(她迟到了,因为交通很拥挤。)
    • He stayed up late, for he had a lot of work to do.(他熬夜了,因为他有很多工作要做。)
1.6 Nor
  • 用法:表示否定的并列。
  • 例句
    • She doesn’t like apples, nor does she like oranges.(她不喜欢苹果,也不喜欢橙子。)
    • He won’t come, nor will I.(他不会来,我也不会。)
1.7 Yet
  • 用法:表示对比或转折,类似于 but
  • 例句
    • She is young, yet she is very wise.(她年轻,但却非常明智。)
    • He tried hard, yet he failed.(他努力了,但失败了。)

2. 从属连词(Subordinating Conjunctions)

从属连词用于引导从句,从句依赖于主句才能完整表达意思。常见的从属连词有 although, because, if, since, unless, when, while, as, even though, so that, than, where, whether 等。

2.1 Although / Though
  • 用法:表示让步。
  • 例句
    • Although it was raining, we went for a walk.(尽管在下雨,我们还是出去散步了。)
    • Though he is rich, he is not happy.(虽然他很富有,但他并不快乐。)
2.2 Because
  • 用法:表示原因。
  • 例句
    • She stayed home because she was sick.(她待在家里因为她生病了。)
    • I went to bed early because I was tired.(我早早就寝因为我累了。)
2.3 If
  • 用法:表示条件。
  • 例句
    • If it rains, we will stay inside.(如果下雨,我们就待在室内。)
    • I will go if you come with me.(如果你和我一起去,我就去。)
2.4 Since
  • 用法:表示原因或时间。
  • 例句
    • Since it was raining, we stayed inside.(因为下雨,我们待在室内。)
    • I haven’t seen her since last year.(自从去年以来,我没见过她。)
2.5 Unless
  • 用法:表示除非,除非。
  • 例句
    • I won’t go unless you come with me.(除非你和我一起去,否则我不去。)
    • You won’t pass the exam unless you study.(除非你学习,否则你不会通过考试。)
2.6 When
  • 用法:表示时间。
  • 例句
    • When the bell rings, we will start the class.(铃响时,我们开始上课。)
    • I saw her when I was in the park.(我在公园里时看到了她。)
2.7 While
  • 用法:表示时间或对比。
  • 例句
    • While I was reading, the phone rang.(我正在读书时,电话响了。)
    • While he is lazy, she is very diligent.(他很懒,但她非常勤奋。)
2.8 As
  • 用法:表示原因或时间。
  • 例句
    • As it was raining, we stayed inside.(因为下雨,我们待在室内。)
    • As I was leaving, I saw her.(我离开时看到了她。)
2.9 Even though
  • 用法:表示让步,语气比 although 更强。
  • 例句
    • Even though it was raining, we went for a walk.(即使在下雨,我们还是出去散步了。)
    • Even though he is rich, he is not happy.(即使他很富有,但他并不快乐。)
2.10 So that
  • 用法:表示目的。
  • 例句
    • I woke up early so that I could catch the bus.(我早起以便赶上公交车。)
    • She saved money so that she could buy a car.(她存钱以便买一辆车。)
2.11 Than
  • 用法:表示比较。
  • 例句
    • She is taller than her sister.(她比她姐姐高。)
    • I would rather stay home than go out.(我宁愿待在家里也不愿外出。)
2.12 Where
  • 用法:表示地点。
  • 例句
    • This is the place where we first met.(这是我们第一次见面的地方。)
    • I don’t know where she is.(我不知道她在哪儿。)
2.13 Whether
  • 用法:表示选择或不确定性。
  • 例句
    • I don’t know whether she will come.(我不知道她是否会来。)
    • Tell me whether you agree or disagree.(告诉我你是否同意。)

比较

  1. 并列连词

    • 并列连词连接同等重要的词、短语或句子。
    • 例子And, But, Or, So, For, Nor, Yet
  2. 从属连词

    • 从属连词引导从句,从句依赖于主句才能完整表达意思。
    • 例子Although, Because, If, Since, Unless, When, While, As, Even though, So that, Than, Where, Whether

总结

  • 并列连词(Coordinating Conjunctions):连接同等重要的词、短语或句子。
  • 从属连词(Subordinating Conjunctions):引导从句,从句依赖于主句才能完整表达意思。
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