【数据结构】带头双向循环链表及顺序表和链表区别

一、带头双向循环链表的实现

和无头单向非循环链表的接口实现不同,由于有头节点的存在,该结构的接口实现函数使用的是结构体指针,并且双向指针的存在使得函数实现更为简单

1. 各接口实现

1.1 链表结构体定义

typedef int LTDataType;
//双向带头循环链表
typedef struct ListNode
{
	struct ListNode* next;//指向下一个数据
	struct ListNode* prev;//指向前一个数据
	LTDataType data;
}LTNode;

1.2 链表初始化

//初始化
LTNode* LTInit(LTNode* phead)
{
	phead = BuyLTNode(-1);//-1可以是任何值,因为不需要打印,无任何实义
	phead->next = phead;
	phead->prev = phead;

	return phead;
}

1.3 链表打印

//打印
void LTPrint(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	LTNode* cur = phead->next;
	printf("guard<==>");
	while (cur != phead)
	{
		printf("%d<==>", cur->data);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	printf("guard\n");
}

1.4 数据头插与尾插以及链表新节点创建

注:在实现链表指定位置插入数据,即可实现头插和尾插的代码简化

//创建新节点
LTNode* BuyLTNode(LTDataType x)
{
	LTNode* newnode = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));
	if (newnode == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc fail");
		return NULL;
	}
	newnode->data = x;
	newnode->next = newnode->prev = NULL;
	return newnode;
}

//尾插
void LTPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{
	assert(phead);
	LTInsert(phead, x);//在phead前面插入
	//LTNode* tail = phead->prev;
	//LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);

	//tail->next = newnode;
	//newnode->prev = tail;
	//newnode->next = phead;
	//phead->prev = newnode;
}

//头插
void LTPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{
	assert(phead);
	LTInsert(phead->next, x);//在phead下一个的前面插入
	//LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);
	
	不保存原头节点(需要考虑节点指向的先后顺序)
	//phead->next->prev = newnode;
	//newnode->next = phead->next;

	//phead->next = newnode;
	//newnode->prev = phead;

	保存原头节点(不用考虑节点指向的先后顺序)
	LTNode* next = phead->next;
	phead->next = newnode;
	newnode->prev = phead;
	newnode->next = next;
	next->prev = newnode;
	
}

1.5 数据头删与尾删

注:在实现删除链表指定数据,即可实现头删和尾删的代码简化

 

//尾删
void LTPopBack(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	assert(!LTEmpty(phead));//为空报错,不为空继续
	LTErase(phead->prev);

	//LTNode* tail = phead->prev;
	//LTNode* tailprev = tail->prev;
	//
	//free(tail);
	//tailprev->next = phead;
	//phead->prev = tailprev;
}

//头删
void LTPopFront(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	assert(!LTEmpty(phead));
	LTErase(phead->next);

	//LTNode* first = phead->next;
	//LTNode* second = first->next;
	//free(first);
	//phead->next = second;
	//second->prev = phead;
}

1.6 检查链表是否为空

//检测链表是否为空
bool LTEmpty(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);

	return phead->next == phead;//为空返回1,不为空返回0
}

1.7 查找链表指定数据

LTNode* LTFind(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{
	assert(phead);

	LTNode* cur = phead->next;
	while (cur != phead)
	{
		if (cur->data == x)
			return cur;
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	return NULL;
}

1.8 在链表指定位置插入

//在pos之前插入
void LTInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDataType x)
{
	assert(pos);

	LTNode* prev = pos->prev;
	LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);

	prev->next = newnode;
	newnode->prev = prev;
	newnode->next = pos;
	pos->prev = newnode;
}

1.9 删除链表指定数据

void LTErase(LTNode* pos)//不能判断哨兵位,如果链表为空,则把phead删除了
{
	assert(pos);

	LTNode* posprev = pos->prev;
	LTNode* posnext = pos->next;
	free(pos);
	posprev->next = posnext;
	posnext->prev = posprev;
}

1.10 链表销毁

void LTDestroy(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);

	LTNode* cur = phead->next;
	while (cur != phead)
	{
		LTNode* del = cur;
		cur = cur->next;
		free(del);
	}
	free(phead);
}

2. 整体代码

2.1 List.h:头文件引用及各接口函数声明

#pragma once
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

typedef int LTDataType;
//双向带头循环链表
typedef struct ListNode
{
	struct ListNode* next;
	struct ListNode* prev;
	LTDataType data;
}LTNode;

//初始化
LTNode* LTInit(LTNode* phead);

//链表打印
void LTPrint(LTNode* phead);

//尾插
void LTPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);
//头插
void LTPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);

//尾删
void LTPopBack(LTNode* phead);
//头删
void LTPopFront(LTNode* phead);

//检测链表是否为空
bool LTEmpty(LTNode* phead);

//查找链表某元素
LTNode* LTFind(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);

//在pos之前插入
void LTInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDataType x);
//删除pos的值
void LTErase(LTNode* pos);

//释放链表
void LTDestroy(LTNode* phead);

2.2 List.c:链表各接口函数实现

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS  1
#include "List.h"

//创建新节点
LTNode* BuyLTNode(LTDataType x)
{
	LTNode* newnode = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));
	if (newnode == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc fail");
		return NULL;
	}
	newnode->data = x;
	newnode->next = newnode->prev = NULL;
	return newnode;
}

//初始化
LTNode* LTInit(LTNode* phead)
{
	phead = BuyLTNode(-1);//-1可以是任何值,因为不需要打印,无任何实意
	phead->next = phead;
	phead->prev = phead;

	return phead;
}

//打印
void LTPrint(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	LTNode* cur = phead->next;
	printf("guard<==>");
	while (cur != phead)
	{
		printf("%d<==>", cur->data);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	printf("guard\n");
}

//检测链表是否为空
bool LTEmpty(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);

	return phead->next == phead;//为空返回1,不为空返回0
}

//尾插
void LTPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{
	assert(phead);
	LTInsert(phead, x);//在phead前面插入
	//LTNode* tail = phead->prev;
	//LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);

	//tail->next = newnode;
	//newnode->prev = tail;
	//newnode->next = phead;
	//phead->prev = newnode;
}

//头插
void LTPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{
	assert(phead);
	LTInsert(phead->next, x);//在phead下一个的前面插入
	//LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);
	
	不保存原头节点(需要考虑节点指向的先后顺序)
	//phead->next->prev = newnode;
	//newnode->next = phead->next;

	//phead->next = newnode;
	//newnode->prev = phead;

	保存原头节点(不用考虑节点指向的先后顺序)
	LTNode* next = phead->next;
	phead->next = newnode;
	newnode->prev = phead;
	newnode->next = next;
	next->prev = newnode;
	
}

//尾删
void LTPopBack(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	assert(!LTEmpty(phead));//为空报错,不为空继续
	LTErase(phead->prev);

	//LTNode* tail = phead->prev;
	//LTNode* tailprev = tail->prev;
	//
	//free(tail);
	//tailprev->next = phead;
	//phead->prev = tailprev;
}

//头删
void LTPopFront(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	assert(!LTEmpty(phead));
	LTErase(phead->next);
	true 可读性差
	LTNode* del = phead->next;
	phead->next = del->next;
	free(del);
	phead->next->prev = phead;

	//LTNode* first = phead->next;
	//LTNode* second = first->next;
	//free(first);
	//phead->next = second;
	//second->prev = phead;
}

//查找链表某元素
LTNode* LTFind(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{
	assert(phead);

	LTNode* cur = phead->next;
	while (cur != phead)
	{
		if (cur->data == x)
			return cur;
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	return NULL;
}

//在pos之前插入
void LTInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDataType x)
{
	assert(pos);

	LTNode* prev = pos->prev;
	LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);

	prev->next = newnode;
	newnode->prev = prev;
	newnode->next = pos;
	pos->prev = newnode;
}

//删除pos的值
void LTErase(LTNode* pos)//不能判断哨兵位,如果链表为空,则把phead删除了
{
	assert(pos);

	LTNode* posprev = pos->prev;
	LTNode* posnext = pos->next;
	free(pos);
	posprev->next = posnext;
	posnext->prev = posprev;
}

//释放链表
void LTDestroy(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);

	LTNode* cur = phead->next;
	while (cur != phead)
	{
		LTNode* del = cur;
		cur = cur->next;
		free(del);
	}
	free(phead);
}

二、顺序表和链表的区别

不同点顺序表链表
存储空间上物理上一定连续逻辑上连续,但物理上不一定连续

随机访问

支持,时间复杂度O(1)不支持,时间复杂度O(N)
任意位置插入或者删除元素

可能需要一定元素,效率低,O(N)

只需要修改指针指向
插入动态顺序表,空间不够时需要扩容,可能造成空间浪费没有容量的概念,按需申请空间
应用场景元素高效存储、频繁访问任意位置插入和删除频繁
缓存利用率

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