Spring中Ioc获取bean的三种方式。（以及Ioc创建对象时碰见两种错误No qualifying bean of type ‘org.xiji.User‘ availabl，附解决方案）

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2301_76862031/article/details/142030139

目录

1.基础环境搭建

1)建立Maven模块

2)导入相关的依赖

3)创建并编写springConfig.xml文件

4)创建并log4j2.xml文件

5)创建user对象

6)结构如下

2.springIoc获取Bean的三种方式

1）通过id获取bean

2）通过类型获取bean

3）通过id+类型获取bean

3.通过类型获取id的两种错误方式

基础准备

Food类

Apple类

Banana类

MyConfig.xml文件编写

错误展示以及解决方案

1）错误类型1：一个类，两个或两个以上实例化

测试类

运行结果

错误收集

解决方案：

一通过id获取Bean

二通过id+该类类型的方式获取bean

错误类型2：通过接口获取Bean,但是该接口有多个实现类

测试类

运行结果

错误收集

解决方案

一，通过 id获取

二，或者通过接口类型+id获取

三，通过实现类的类型获取

1.基础环境搭建

1)建立Maven模块

2)导入相关的依赖

<dependencies>

        <!--导入spring-context依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>6.1.12</version>

        </dependency>
        <!--导入测试依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--导入日志框架-->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.23.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-slf4j2-impl</artifactId>
            <version>2.23.1</version>
        </dependency>

</dependencies>

注：点击这里刷新一下，否则依赖不导入(右边栏Maven图标点击一下就出来这个界面了)

3)创建并编写springConfig.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">


    <!-- id 定义bean的id  -->
    <!-- class (包名+类名) 即Users类所在的路径 -->
    <bean id="user" class="org.xiji.User">

    </bean>

</beans>

4)创建并log4j2.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Configuration status="WARN">
    <Appenders>
        <!--配置控制台输出日志-->
        <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
            <!--日志的输出格式-->
            <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
        </Console>
        <!--配置文件输出日志-->
        <File name="File" fileName="d:logs/app.log">
            <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
        </File>
    </Appenders>
    <Loggers>
        <!--日志级别为debug-->
        <Root level="debug">
            <AppenderRef ref="Console"/>
            <AppenderRef ref="File"/>
        </Root>
    </Loggers>
</Configuration>

5)创建user对象

package org.xiji;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    private String address;
    public void eat(){
        System.out.println("正在吃饭");
    }
}

6)结构如下

2.springIoc获取Bean的三种方式

1）通过id获取bean

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.xiji.User;

public class Tests {

    /**
     * 通过id获取bean
     */

    @Test
    public void getBeanById(){
        /**
         * 通过加载MyConfig.xml配置文件创建
         */
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("MyConfig.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        System.out.println(user);

        user.eat();
    }

    

}

测试结果

2）通过类型获取bean

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.xiji.User;

public class Test2 {
    /**
     * 通过类型获取bean
     */
    @Test
    public void getBeanByType(){
        /**
         * 通过加载myConfig.xml配置文件创建
         */
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("MyConfig.xml");

        /**
         * 通过类型获取bean
         */
        User user = context.getBean(User.class);
        System.out.println("通过类型获取bean"+user);
        user.eat();
    }
}

3）通过id+类型获取bean

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.xiji.User;

public class Test3 {

    /**
     * 通过类型+id获取bean
     */
    @Test
    public void getBeanByType(){
        /**
         * 通过加载myConfig.xml配置文件创建
         */
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("MyConfig.xml");

        /**
         * 通过类型+id获取bean
         */
        User user = context.getBean("user",User.class);
        System.out.println("通过 类型+id 获取bean"+user);
        user.eat();
    }
}

测试结果

3.通过类型获取id的两种错误方式

基础准备

Food类

package org.xiji;

public interface Food {
    void getFood();
}

Apple类

package org.xiji;

public class Apple implements Food{
    @Override
    public void getFood() {
        System.out.println("苹果");
    }
}

Banana类

package org.xiji;

public class Banana implements Food{
    @Override
    public void getFood() {
        System.out.println("香蕉");
    }
}

MyConfig.xml文件编写

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">


    <!-- id 定义bean的id  -->
    <!-- class (包名+类名) 即Users类所在的路径 -->
    <bean id="user" class="org.xiji.User">

    </bean>

    <!--
        错误类型1：一个类两个实例化 甚至是多个实例化
    -->
    <bean id="user2" class="org.xiji.User">

    </bean>

    <!--
        错误类型2：一个接口两个实现类 甚至是多个实现类
    -->
    <bean id="food" class="org.xiji.Banana">

    </bean>

     <bean id="food2" class="org.xiji.Apple">

    </bean>

</beans>

错误展示以及解决方案

1）错误类型1：一个类，两个或两个以上实例化

测试类

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.xiji.User;

public class TestError1 {

    @Test
    public void test()
    {
        /**
         * 通过类型获取Bean
         * 错误类型1：一个类，两个或两个以上实例化
         */
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("MyConfig.xml");
        User user = context.getBean(User.class);
        user.eat();
    }
}

运行结果

错误收集

org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.xiji.User' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: user,user2

   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveNamedBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1312)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:486)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:341)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:334)
   at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1261)
   at TestError1.test(TestError1.java:16)
   at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
   at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
   at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
   at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
   at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
   at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
   at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
   at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
   at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
   at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
   at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
   at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69)
   at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38)
   at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11)
   at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35)
   at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235)
   at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54)

解决方案：

一通过id获取Bean

二通过id+该类类型的方式获取bean

错误类型2：通过接口获取Bean,但是该接口有多个实现类

测试类

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.xiji.Food;

public class TestError2 {

    /**
     * 通过接口获取类
     * 错误类型2：一个接口两个实现类 甚至是多个实现类
     */
    @Test
    public void test()
    {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("MyConfig.xml");

        Food bean = context.getBean(Food.class);
        System.out.println("通过接口获取类"+bean);

    }
}

运行结果

错误收集

org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.xiji.Food' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: food,food2

   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveNamedBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1312)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:486)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:341)
   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:334)
   at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1261)
   at TestError2.test(TestError2.java:17)
   at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
   at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
   at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
   at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
   at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
   at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
   at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
   at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
   at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
   at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
   at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
   at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
   at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69)
   at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38)
   at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11)
   at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35)
   at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235)
   at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54)