@Autowired、@Resource和@Qualifier之间的区别

1.@Autowired默认是按照类型装配注入的，默认情况下它要求依赖对象必须存在（可以设置它required属性为false）。

2.@Resource默认是按照名称来装配注入的，只有当找不到与名称匹配的bean才会按照类型来装配注入。

3.@Qualifier当我们注入的接口有多个实现类时，我们需要使用这个注解说明具体需要注入哪个实现类。

有如以下接口：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

public interface UserService {
    JSONObject getUserList();
}

第一个实现类：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service("service")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Override
    public JSONObject getUserList() {
        JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
        obj.put("service","I'm service");
        return obj;
    }
}

第二个实现类：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service("service1")
public class UserServiceImpl1 implements UserService {
    @Override
    public JSONObject getUserList() {
        JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
        obj.put("service","I'm service1");
        return obj;
    }
}

 

Controller层注入UserService:

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class TestController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
   
}

如果不使用@Qualifier，启动时会报以下错误：

Description:

Field userService in com.spring.TestController required a single bean, but 2 were found:

- service: defined in file [C:\Users\Administrator\IdeaProjects\test0409\target\classes\com\spring\UserServiceImpl.class]

- service1: defined in file [C:\Users\Administrator\IdeaProjects\test0409\target\classes\com\spring\UserServiceImpl1.class]

Action:

Consider marking one of the beans as @Primary, updating the consumer to accept multiple beans, or using @Qualifier to identify the bean that should be consumed

加上@Qualifier就好了

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class TestController {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("service")
    private UserService userService;

}