【思科】IPv6 过渡技术 - IPv6 in IPv4隧道
实验要求
实验环境 : EVE
实验需求:
实现双方站点的IPv6网络 可以跨 IPv4 网络进行通信
实现思路
① IPv6网络用OSPFv3来实现互通
② IPv4网络用OSPF来实现互通
③ 使用IPv6 in IPv4隧道实现Pv6网络 可以跨 IPv4 网络进行通信
隧道可以在原有的IPv6头部，再加上Pv4头部，就可以帮助IPv6跨IPv4网络进行通信了
IPv6 in IPv4 与 GRE 不同点
GRE隧道的报文结构：IPv4 — GRE — IPv6
IPv6 in IPv4来说，它的报文结构发生了变化：IPv4 — IPv6
这个时候，我们可以观察到GRE的报文
Protocol协议字段：记录内层协议字段是什么
在IPv4头部中，我们可以看到，有个Protocol协议字段，里面指向了GRE
当找到了GRE这里，才说去再IPv6，这样子有点脱裤子放屁了
IPv4 → GRE → IPv6
那我就这样子，将IPv6的Protocol协议字段，直接指向IPv6头部：IPv4 → IPv6
那这样子就不会浪费空间了,大大的提高了传输效率
所以就有了IPv6 in IPv4
注意点
OSPFv3 只能通过接口下宣告，不能使用Network！！！
配置
R1
基础配置
R1(config)#int e0/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:12::1/64
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int loopback 1
R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2000:1:1::1/64
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int loopback 2
R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2000:1:2::1/64
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int loopback 3
R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2000:1:3::1/64
R1(config-if)#exit
=================================== 查看接口IPv6地址 =================================
R1(config)#do show ipv6 int brief
Ethernet0/0 [up/up]
FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:1000
2001:12::1
Ethernet0/1 [administratively down/down]
unassigned
Ethernet0/2 [administratively down/down]
unassigned
Ethernet0/3 [administratively down/down]
unassigned
Loopback1 [up/up]
FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:1000
2000:1:1::1
Loopback2 [up/up]
FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:1000
2000:1:2::1
Loopback3 [up/up]
FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:1000
2000:1:3::1
OSPFv3 局域网可达
## 记得要启用IPv6单播路由，才能去配置动态路由
R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
## 进入OSPFv3 IPv6 地址族，设置RID为 1.1.1.1
R1(config)#router ospfv3 1
R1(config-router)#address-family ipv6
R1(config-router-af)#router-id 1.1.1.1
R1(config-router-af)#exit
R1(config-router)#exit
## 接口下宣告
R1(config)#int range e0/0,lo1,lo2,lo3
R1(config-if-range)#ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
R1(config-if-range)#exit
R2
基础配置
R2(config)#int e0/0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:12::2/64
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int e0/1
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#exit
局域网环境(OSPFv3)：IPv6 网络
## 需要开启IPv6单播功能
R2(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
## 进入OSPFv3 IPv6 地址族，设置RID为 2.2.2.2
R2(config)#router ospfv3 1
R2(config-router)#address-family ipv6
R2(config-router-af)#router-id 2.2.2.2
R2(config-router-af)#exit
## 接口下宣告
R2(config)#int range e0/0
R2(config-if-range)#ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
R2(config-if-range)#exit
============================== 查看 R2 学到IPv6 路由条目 ============================
R2(config)#do show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - default - 6 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - Mobile Router, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, NM - NEMO
ND - ND Default, NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr - Redirect
RL - RPL, O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1
OE2 - OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
la - LISP alt, lr - LISP site-registrations, ld - LISP dyn-eid
lA - LISP away, a - Application
O 2000:1:1::1/128 [110/10]
via FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:1000, Ethernet0/0
O 2000:1:2::1/128 [110/10]
via FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:1000, Ethernet0/0
O 2000:1:3::1/128 [110/10]
via FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:1000, Ethernet0/0
C 2001:12::/64 [0/0]
via Ethernet0/0, directly connected
L 2001:12::2/128 [0/0]
via Ethernet0/0, receive
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via Null0, receive
IPv6 in IPv4隧道
## 目的：IPv4网络内部互通
R2(config)#router ospf 110
R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#exit
## 建立IPv6 in IPv4 隧道
R2(config)#int tunnel 24
R2(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip ## 把Tunnel隧道模式改为Ipv6 in Ipv4 模式
R2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:24::2/64 ## IPv6 接口地址
R2(config-if)#tunnel source e0/1
R2(config-if)#tunnel destination 172.16.34.4
R2(config-if)#ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0 ## 将tunnel24 宣告进OSPFv3当中，从而达到双方内部可达
R2(config-if)#exit
================================== 查看到接口状态 ====================================
R2(config)#do show ipv6 int br
Ethernet0/0 [up/up]
FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:2000
2001:12::2
Ethernet0/1 [up/up]
unassigned
Ethernet0/2 [administratively down/down]
unassigned
Ethernet0/3 [administratively down/down]
unassigned
Tunnel24 [up/up]
FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:2000
2001:24::2
================================== 此时查看到IPv6路由表 ====================================
## 可以看到我R2已经学习到R5内部的路由了
R2(config)#do show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - default - 12 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - Mobile Router, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, NM - NEMO
ND - ND Default, NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr - Redirect
RL - RPL, O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1
OE2 - OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
la - LISP alt, lr - LISP site-registrations, ld - LISP dyn-eid
lA - LISP away, a - Application
O 2000:1:1::1/128 [110/10]
via FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:1000, Ethernet0/0
O 2000:1:2::1/128 [110/10]
via FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:1000, Ethernet0/0
O 2000:1:3::1/128 [110/10]
via FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:1000, Ethernet0/0
==================================================
O 2000:5:1::1/128 [110/1010]
via FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:4000, Tunnel24
O 2000:5:2::1/128 [110/1010]
via FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:4000, Tunnel24
O 2000:5:3::1/128 [110/1010]
via FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:4000, Tunnel24
==================================================
C 2001:12::/64 [0/0]
via Ethernet0/0, directly connected
L 2001:12::2/128 [0/0]
via Ethernet0/0, receive
C 2001:24::/64 [0/0]
via Tunnel24, directly connected
L 2001:24::2/128 [0/0]
via Tunnel24, receive
O 2001:45::/64 [110/1010]
via FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:4000, Tunnel24
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via Null0, receive
R2(config)#
R3
R3(config)#int e0/0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.23.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#int e0/1
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.34.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#router ospf 110
R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3
R3(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#exit
R4
基础配置
R4(config)#int e0/0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown
R4(config-if)#ip address 172.16.34.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#exit
R4(config)#int e0/1
R4(config-if)#no shutdown
R4(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:45::4/64
R4(config-if)#exit
局域网环境(OSPFv3)：IPv6 网络
## 需要开启IPv6单播功能
R4(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
## 进入OSPFv3 IPv6 地址族，设置RID为 4.4.4.4
R4(config)#router ospfv3 1
R4(config-router)#address-family ipv6
R4(config-router-af)#router-id 4.4.4.4
R4(config-router-af)#exit
R4(config-router)#exit
## 接口下宣告
R4(config)#int e0/1
R4(config-if)#ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
R4(config-if)#exit
IPv6 in IPv4隧道
## 目的：IPv4网络内部互通
R4(config)#router ospf 110
R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4
R4(config-router)#network 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R4(config-router)#exit
## 建立IPv6 in IPv4 隧道
R4(config)#int tunnel 24
R4(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip ## 把Tunnel隧道模式改为IPv6 in IPv4 模式
R4(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:24::4/64 ## IPv6 地址
R4(config-if)#tunnel source e0/0
R4(config-if)#tunnel destination 172.16.23.2
R4(config-if)#ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0 ## 将tunnel24 宣告进OSPFv3当中，从而达到双方站点IPv6网络可达
R4(config-if)#exit
R5
基础配置
R5(config)#int e0/0
R5(config-if)#no shutdown
R5(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:45::5/64
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#int loopback 1
R5(config-if)#ipv6 address 2000:5:1::1/64
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#int loopback 2
R5(config-if)#ipv6 address 2000:5:2::1/64
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#int loopback 3
R5(config-if)#ipv6 address 2000:5:3::1/64
R5(config-if)#exit
=================================== 查看接口IPv6地址 =================================
R5#show ipv6 int br
Ethernet0/0 [up/up]
FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:5000
2001:45::5
Ethernet0/1 [administratively down/down]
unassigned
Ethernet0/2 [administratively down/down]
unassigned
Ethernet0/3 [administratively down/down]
unassigned
Loopback1 [up/up]
FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:5000
2000:5:1::1
Loopback2 [up/up]
FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:5000
2000:5:2::1
Loopback3 [up/up]
FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:5000
2000:5:3::1
OSPFv3 局域网可达
## 记得要启用IPv6单播路由，才能去配置动态路由
R5(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
## 进入OSPFv3 IPv6 地址族，设置RID为 5.5.5.5
R5(config)#router ospfv3 1
R5(config-router)#address-family ipv6
R5(config-router-af)#router-id 5.5.5.5
R5(config-router-af)#exit
R5(config-router)#exit
## 接口下宣告
R5(config)#int range e0/0,lo1,lo2,lo3
R5(config-if-range)#ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
R5(config-if-range)#exit
检查
R1 的路由表
R5 的路由表
R1 Ping R5
R1#ping 2000:5:1::1 source lo 1
抓包分析
抓的是 R2的e0/1口
其实这个时候就可以看到，数据包发送的时候
此时就只新增了IPv4报文头这样子就比GRE少了一个封装字段，提高了传输效率
配置文档
R1
!
ipv6 unicast-routing
!
interface Loopback1
ipv6 address 2000:1:1::1/64
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
!
interface Loopback2
ipv6 address 2000:1:2::1/64
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
!
interface Loopback3
ipv6 address 2000:1:3::1/64
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ipv6 address 2001:12::1/64
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
!
router ospfv3 1
!
address-family ipv6 unicast
router-id 1.1.1.1
!
R2
!
ipv6 unicast-routing
!
interface Tunnel24
tunnel mode ipv6ip
ipv6 address 2001:24::2/64
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
tunnel source Ethernet0/1
tunnel destination 172.16.34.4
!
interface Ethernet0/0
no shutdown
ipv6 address 2001:12::2/64
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/1
no shutdown
ip address 172.16.23.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospfv3 1
!
address-family ipv6 unicast
router-id 2.2.2.2
!
router ospf 110
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 172.16.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
R3
!
interface Ethernet0/0
no shutdown
ip address 172.16.23.3 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0/1
no shutdown
ip address 172.16.34.3 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 110
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
!
R4
!
ipv6 unicast-routing
!
interface Tunnel24
tunnel mode ipv6ip
ipv6 address 2001:24::4/64
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
tunnel source Ethernet0/0
tunnel destination 172.16.23.2
!
interface Ethernet0/0
no shutdown
ip address 172.16.34.4 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0/1
no shutdown
ipv6 address 2001:45::4/64
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
!
router ospfv3 1
!
address-family ipv6 unicast
router-id 4.4.4.4
!
router ospf 110
router-id 4.4.4.4
network 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
R5
!
ipv6 unicast-routing
!
interface Loopback1
ipv6 address 2000:5:1::1/64
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
!
interface Loopback2
ipv6 address 2000:5:2::1/64
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
!
interface Loopback3
ipv6 address 2000:5:3::1/64
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
no shutdown
ipv6 address 2001:45::5/64
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0
!
router ospfv3 1
!
address-family ipv6 unicast
router-id 5.5.5.5
!
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