BGP基本配置及路由黑洞解决

 

基本配置

R1

[Huawei]sys R1

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.12.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo 0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 11.11.11.11 32

[R1-LoopBack0]q

R2

[Huawei]sys R2

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add  192.168.12.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.23.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loo 0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 32

[R2-LoopBack0]q

R3

[Huawei]sys R3

[R3]int g0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.23.3  24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.34.3 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int loo  0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32

[R3-LoopBack0]q

R4

[Huawei]sys R4

[R4]int g0/0/2

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.34.4 24

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.45.4 24

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo 0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32

[R4-LoopBack0]q

R5

[Huawei]sys R5

[R5]int g0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.45.5 24

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo 0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 55.55.55.55 32

[R5-LoopBack0]q

OSPF配置

R2

[R2]ospf rou 2.2.2.2

[R2-ospf-1]area 0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.23.2 0.0.0.0

R3

[R3]ospf rou 3.3.3.3

[R3-ospf

-1]area 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.23.3 0.0.0.0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.34.3 0.0.0.0

R4

[R4]ospf rou 4.4.4.4

[R4-ospf-1]area 0

[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0

[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.34.4 0.0.0.0

ospf配置完成后。可以在R3查看邻居，如下

BGP配置

R1

[R1]bgp 100  

[R1-bgp]peer 192.168.12.2 as 234

R2

[R2]bgp 234

[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.12.1 as 100

[R2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as 234

[R2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface loo 0

R5

[R5]bgp 500

[R5-bgp]peer 192.168.45.4 as 234

R4

[R4]bgp 234

[R4-bgp]peer 192.168.45.5 as 500

[R4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as 234

[R4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface loo 0

对等体状态如下

宣告相关路由

R1

[R1]bgp 100

[R1-bgp]network 11.11.11.11 32

R5

[R5]bgp 500

[R5-bgp]network 55.55.55.55 32

注：宣告要宣告的路由，不要乱宣告

注：因为从EBGP对等体收到的路由默认不改变下一跳，应修改下一跳为本地

R2

[R2]bgp 234

[R2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 next-hop-local

R4

[R4]bgp 234

[R4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 next-hop-local

结果如下

现在用11.11.11.11ping55.55.55.55，是不通的，因为R3存在路由黑洞(即无11.11.11.11和55.55.55.55的路由)

方法一：静态路由

R3

[R3]ip route-static 11.11.11.11 32 g0/0/1 192.168.23.2

[R3]ip route-static 55.55.55.55 32 g0/0/2 192.168.34.4

结果如下

方法二：IBGP全互联

[R3]undo ip route-static 11.11.11.11 32 g0/0/1 192.168.23.2

[R3]undo ip route-static 55.55.55.55 32 g0/0/2 192.168.34.4

R3

[R3]bgp 234

[R3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as  234  

[R3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface loo 0

[R3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as 234  

[R3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface loo 0

R2

[R2]bgp 234

[R2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as 234

[R2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface  loo 0

[R2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 next-hop-local

R4

[R4]bgp 234

[R4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as 234

[R4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface  loo 0

[R4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 next-hop-local

结果如下

方法三：import-route

[R2-bgp]undo peer 3.3.3.3

[R3]undo bgp 234

Warning: All BGP configurations will be deleted. Continue? [Y/N]: y

[R4-bgp]undo peer 3.3.3.3

R2

[R2]ospf

[R2-ospf-1]import-route bgp type 1

R4

[R4]ospf

[R4-ospf-1]import-route bgp type 1

结果如下

方法四：GRE隧道

[R2-ospf-1]undo import-route bgp

[R4-ospf-1]undo import-route bgp

R2

[R2]interface Tunnel 0/0/0

[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre

Info: Relevant configurations on this interface are deleted.

[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 192.168.24.2 24

[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]source 192.168.23.2

[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 192.168.34.4

[R2]ip route-static 55.55.55.55 32 Tunnel 0/0/0

R4

[R4]interface Tunnel 0/0/0

[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre

Info: Relevant configurations on this interface are deleted.

[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 192.168.24.4 24

[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]source 192.168.34.4  

[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]destination  192.168.23.2

[R4]ip route-static 11.11.11.11 32  Tunnel 0/0/0

结果如下

方法五：MPLS隧道

[R2]undo int t0/0/0

[R4]undo int t0/0/0

R2

[R2]mpls lsr-id 2.2.2.2

[R2]mpls

Info: Mpls starting, please wait... OK!

[R2-mpls]mpls ldp

[R2-mpls-ldp]int g0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls ldp

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

[R2]route recursive-lookup tunnel

R3

[R3]mpls lsr-id 3.3.3.3

[R3]mpls

Info: Mpls starting, please wait... OK!

[R3-mpls]mpls ldp

[R3-mpls-ldp]int g0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls ldp

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls ldp

R4

[R4]mpls lsr-id 4.4.4.4

[R4]mpls

Info: Mpls starting, please wait... OK!

[R4-mpls]mpls ldp

[R4-mpls-ldp]int g0/0/2

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls ldp

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

[R4]route recursive-lookup tunnel

结果如下