计算机英语（期末复习）

计算机英语（期末复习）

预祝大家在大学最后一个暑假中 享受到无尽的快乐与美好时光！

2024/06/26 13:30-15:00

Unit 2  Computer System

Dialogue：

Printer problems

Nary: I finished my report, but the printer is broken. What can I do?

Lily: Save the file on a floppy and bring it to my house. We can use my printer.

Nary: That’s a great idea.

Lily: Or, email it to me – that might be faster.

Nary: Hmm, that won’t work. The report has graphs.

Passage： 

Computer System

A system means a group of related parts working together. A digital computer system is mainly composed of four parts: Input parts: Input devices, Output devices, Memory and Central processing (CPU) which can accept, store and process data or symbols and yield output results fast under the indication of a series of instructions. After the CPU processing the information accepted by the input devices, the output devices give out the results users need.

Users hardly touch. CPUs, but all of them have used the input devices. IN PC systems, users often touch keyboards, mouse, input pens, touch screens, microphones and others for direct input. Regardless, of their differences, they are components that make interpretation and communication between users and computer systems. The storage deices, floppy disk drives and herds disk drives, are commonly used for indirect input. Users have also employed a variety of output devices such as monitors, printers and plotters which get the outcomes from the CPU in machine – coded form and coded form and change them into the forms users can users can understand. Hard disk drives or floppy disk drives, often record the results on disks for next or another machine input. Some people prefer to call input/output devices and floppy and hard disk drives, monitors, printers, plotters, etc, peripheral devices.

Traditionally, people accept that there are tow kinds of computers: digital computers and analog computers. The digital computers deal with numbers and symbols; the analog computers are only concerned with quantities, such as electrical currents or voltages. But nowadays, the former will be more powerful and occupy the positions of the latter.

译文：

对话：

打印机问题

南希：我的报告写完了，但打印机坏了。该怎么办？

丽丽：把文件存在软盘上，带到我家。我们可以用我的打印机。

南希：是个好注意。

丽丽：或者给我发个电子邮件，那样会更快。

南希：嗯，不行。报告有许多图表。

短文：

计算机系统

一个系统即是指一组相关部件协作运行。一个数字计算机系统包括４个部件：输入设备，输出设备，存储器和中央处理器（ＣＰＵ）。ＣＰＵ能在指令的指导下很快地接受、存储和处理数据或符号并产生结果。在ＣＰＵ处理了输入设备之后，输出设备就给出了用户所需的信息。　

在ＰＣ系统中，用户很少接触ＣＰＵ，但都用过输入设备，常接触键盘、鼠标、输入笔、触摸屏、话筒和其他直接输入设备。尽管它们之间存在差别但它们都是在用户和计算机系统之间进行解释和通信手工劳动的部件。存储部件、软盘驱动设备和硬盘驱动设备常用于间接输入。　用户也常使用各种输出设备，如显示器、打印机和绘图仪，这些输出设备从ＣＰＵ那里得到机器形式的结果，并把它们转化为用户可理解的形式软盘和硬盘常把这些结果记录下来用于一一次或其他机器输入。某些人喜欢把输入输出设备、显示器、打印机和绘图仪等统称为外围设备。

按传统方法，人们将计算机分为两类：数字计算机和模拟计算机。数字计算机处理数字和符号；模拟计算机处理有关模拟理方面的问题，如电流或电压，但现在前者更强大并取代了后者。

Unit 3  Disks and Disk Drives

Dialogue：

Sam is at a store buying a computer

Clerk: May I help you ?

Sam: Yes, I want to buy a new computer.

Clerk: How much RAM do you need? How big a hard drive will you need?

Sam: Well, Windows XP needs at least 256 MBS RAM, and I’ll be using a lot of word processors and game programs.

Clerk: I recommend a Pentium IV with an 80 GB hard drive.

Passage：

Disks and Disk Drives

Computers use disks for storage. They can store small amounts of information on little floppy disks and large amounts of information on a hard disk, that thing inside your computer called C: A computer can handle only as much information as it can fit into its memory at one time.

Disk drives contain a motor that spins the disk around at least 300 times each second, A thing called a head inside the drive hovers over the spinning disk, reading or writing information from or to the disk. The disk drive translates the stuff on the disk into information the computer can use (put into memory).

Every computer has a drive A, which is your first floppy drive. Your computer most likely has another disk drive. This one, stored inside the computer, is a hard drive, and it’s usually called drive C. It’s a special kind of disk that stores much more information than a floppy disk. The most common type is the Winchester disk, which is a sealed unit. The heads on a Winchester drive are aerodynamically shaped and float on a cushion of air generated by the spinning platters. Their capacities range from about 20 megabytes on personal computers to around 40 gigabytes today.

Like their floppy drive counterparthard drives have lights on the outside that turn on when the computer is accessing data. If your computer is taking a particularly long time to load a program, look at the hard drive light. It should be blanking in a somewhat random series of flashes. If it’s not on at all, or it’s on all the time, that may mean that something bad is happening.

Hard disks are labeled with letters just like floppy disks. The first hard drive in your PC is drive C. Additional hard drives are given letters D, E, F, and so on.

译文：

对话：

山姆在一家商店买电脑

店员：需要帮忙吗？

山姆：是的，我想买一台电脑。

店员：需要多少内存？要多大硬盘？

山姆：视窗XP需要至少256兆的内存，而且我经常使用文字处理和游戏程序。

店员：我推荐奔腾4，80G的硬盘。

短文：

磁盘和磁盘驱动器

计算机要用磁盘来存储数据，可以在软盘上保存少量数据，在硬盘上保存大量信息。在你的计算机里被称为C：磁盘C即为硬盘。在计算机的内存中能存放多少信息，计算机就能处理多少信息。

磁盘驱动器中有一个电机，它使磁盘以每秒不低于300转的速度旋转。驱动器内部有个叫“磁头”的东西在旋转的磁盘上读取和写出入信息。磁盘驱动器把磁盘上的信息转换成计算机能使用的信息（存入内存）。

每个计算机都有一个驱动器A，该驱动器是你的第一软盘驱动器。你的计算机很有可能有另外一个磁盘驱动器，这个驱动器装在计算机的内部，是硬盘驱动器，通常被称作驱动器C。这是一种特殊的磁盘，它的存储量比软盘大得多。最常见的类型是温彻斯特磁盘，它是一个密封的装置。这种盘的磁头是根据空气动力学制作的，并悬浮在由高速旋转的盘片所产生的气垫上。磁盘的容量从个人计算机的大约20MB到今天的40GB左右。

像软盘一样，当计算机正在存取硬盘上的数据时，硬盘的指示灯会亮。如果你的计算机正在花很长的时间装载一个程序，你可以查看硬盘指示灯，它应该随机地闪烁。如果指示灯不亮或一直亮着，就意味着出现了故障。

人们像标识软盘那样用字母来标识硬盘。在你的PC中，第一个硬盘驱动器为驱动器C，其它硬盘驱动器被标为D、E、F等

Unit 6  Prevent Viruses 

Dialogue 1 

 the virus fire wall 

A: I have a computer , but I am afraid that if may be infected by viruses , so I dare not use it frequently , and not mention getting on line. 

B: You needn’t worry about it so much . You only need keep a look-out .

A: Have you any good ways ? 

B: The passive way is to kill viruses whenever you open a document , run software or download programs from the web site . 

A: It’s tedious and time –consuming .

B: right . The active way is to install the virus fire wall software in your computer. 

A: The software sounds beautiful . Is it used to kill viruses ? 

B: Starting up , the computer will load the fire wall automatically , and fire wall initiates the real-time monitor on all tasks underway . Whenever a virus is found , it will tell you in time . 

A: Where can I get this software ?

B: Most virus-killing softwares under Windows2003 have the virus fire wall . 

A: Then I have to buy a new virus-killing software. 

Dialogue 2

a LAN 

A: The typical company’s computer network infrastructure is LAN.

B: An Intranet delivers the same level of power to users as a LAN, but offers greatly simplified network management. Intranets work within an organization over the existing LAN infrastructure, making cost of ownership very attractive.

A: Corporate Intranets hold information centrally in a Web server. All Intranet-related documents are written using hyper text markup language (HTML) , the industry-standard method of encoding a document which contains text and graphics to make it totally platform-independent.

B: Web servers are platform and application-independent, they can send or request data from legacy or external applications (including database).

A: All replies, once converted into HTML Format, can then be transmitted to a browser?

B: Intranet can offer lower desktop support costs, easy link with legacy applications and databases, and above all, ease of use.

译文:                        

对话1： 

病毒防火墙

A：我有电脑，但是怕感染病毒不敢经常使用，更不敢上网。

B：用不着那样担心。只要注意防范就行。

A：有什么好方法吗？

B：消极点的方法是每当需要打开文档或运行软件及网上下载的程序之前先要进行杀毒。

A：这很烦琐而且费时。

B：对，积极的方法是在电脑里装一个“病毒防火墙”的软件。

A：这个软件听上去不错，它的作用是杀毒吗？

B：电脑启动时自动加载它，并监视所有正在运行的任务，发现病毒及时报告。

A：这种软件从哪里获得？

B：大多数工作在Windows2003下的杀毒软件都带病毒防火墙。

A：那我得买个新的杀毒软件了。

对话2：  

局域网

A: 局域网是典型的公司网络基础设施。

B: 内部网提供给用户的权力与局域网相同，但大大简化了网络管理。内部网在现有的局域网基础设施上运行，这使成本低得诱人。

A: 公司内部网在一台Web服务器上集中保存信息。所有与内部网有关的文档，均用超文本标记语言（ＨＴＭＬ）编写，这是业界标准的含有文本与图形的编制文档的方法，以使文档完全独立于平台。

B: Web服务器是独立于平台和应用程序的，所以它们能从过去的或外部的应用程序（包括数据库）中发送或获取数据。

A: 一旦转换面ＨＴＭＬ格式，所有的应答都能传送给浏览器吗？

B: 内部网能够提供较低的桌面支持成本，容易与传统应用程序和数据库相连，其中最主要的还是使用方便。

Unit7  The Internet’s Future 

Dialogue 1

World Wide Web 

A: What is World Wide Web?

B: That’s just like saying the Internet.

A: OK. That’s not so difficult to understand.

B: Do you know how to log into Internet?

A: Yes, of course. It’s very easy.

B: Can you teach me?

A: Enter your address and password, it’s OK.

Dialogue 2

Jim will start a business web page 

Lily: Hey Sam, where have you been this week?

Sam: I was writing a web page for my new business – selling Bizen pottery.

Lily: Cool, What did you put on the page ?

Sam: I put a CGI form on it so people could send me information .

Lily: How many hits has it gotten?

Sam: It’s getting about 100 a day .

Lily: Have you sold anything ?

Sam: Not yet…..

Passage                

The Internet’s Future

The number of people will continue to grow. Historically the Internet has doubled in size every 10 months. This may slow down, but it’s still doubling.

More interactivity. People don’t want static HTML pages any more. So more interactive pages will come, with audio, video and perhaps more usefully page animation. Expect popup menus and self-refreshing tables.

More commerce. Most people make money out of the internet through advertising. But sites are starting to sell product via the Net, with some like www.amazon.com becoming a serious rival to traditional outlets.

Net cash. Some form of electronic cash will be necessary to trade Internationally. Paying a few percent on credit cards and foreign currency transactions will drive people to use a universal, Net-based electronic form of money.

More ubiquitous. It already is. It’s getting rare these days to see an ad in traditional media that doesn’t offer a web address. Sell shares in any companies that don’t.

译文:               

对话1：         

万维网

A: 请问万维网是什么？

B: 就是通常所说的因特网。

A: 那就不难理解了。

B: 你知道怎么登录因特网吗？

A: 当然知道，很简单。

B: 能教教我吗？

A: 输入你的地址和密码就可以了。

对话2：              

山姆将开一个商业网页

丽丽：嗨，山姆，这个星期你都去哪了？

山姆：我正在写网页来销售Bizen瓷器-----这是我的新生意。

丽丽：太棒了，你在网页上写了什么了？

山姆：我用了图形界面，人们可以向我发消息。

丽丽：每天有多少点击？

山姆：每天有大约100个点击。

丽丽：你卖出什么了吗？

山姆：还没有。

短文：                     

因特网的未来

使用因特网的人数仍将增长。根据因特网的历史，每10个月上因特网的人数将翻一番。这个速度可能会减缓，但人数还将成倍增长。

网页的互动性更强。静止的超文本网页已经不受欢迎。因此那些带有视频、音频效果，更加生动的互动网页即将诞生，其中可能有弹出式菜单和自我更新的表格。

更加商业化。绝大多数的人是靠着在网络上做广告获利。但有些网站，也开始通过网络出售商品。诸如亚马逊，这些网站对于传统的销售商是一大竞争对手。

网络货币。国际贸易需要电子货币。分期付款以及外币交易的进行使得人们需要使用一种全球通用的电子网络货币。

更为普遍。而事实上已经如此了。人们越来越多地发现在传统媒体上登出的广告中必然会附上相应的网址。对那些没有网址的公司，请别在持他们的股票。