k8s、二进制安装

二进制搭建 Kubernetes v1.20    

k8s集群
master01:192.168.86.11	  kube-apiserver 、kube-controller-manager 、kube-scheduler 、etcd
master02:192.168.86.33
node01:192.168.86.22	  kubelet、 kube-proxy 、docker 
node02:192.168.86.55     kubelet、 kube-proxy 、docker 

etcd集群节点1:192.168.86.11	   etcd
etcd集群节点2:192.168.86.22    etcd
etcd集群节点3:192.168.86.55    etcd

操作系统初始化配置

#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X

#关闭selinux
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

#关闭swap
swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab 

#根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master01
hostnamectl set-hostname master02
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02

#在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.86.11 master01
192.168.86.33 master02
192.168.86.22 node01
192.168.86.55 node02
EOF

#调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式,可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
#关闭ipv6协议
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF
sysctl --system

#时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

在 master01 节点上操作 

#准备cfssl证书生成工具
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl*

生成Etcd证书 ###
mkdir /opt/k8s
cd /opt/k8s/

#上传 etcd-cert.sh 和 etcd.sh 到 /opt/k8s/ 目录中
chmod +x etcd-cert.sh etcd.sh

#创建用于生成CA证书、etcd 服务器证书以及私钥的目录
mkdir /opt/k8s/etcd-cert
mv etcd-cert.sh etcd-cert/
cd /opt/k8s/etcd-cert/
./etcd-cert.sh      	#生成CA证书、etcd 服务器证书以及私钥
ls
ca-config.json  ca-csr.json  ca.pem        server.csr       server-key.pem
ca.csr          ca-key.pem   etcd-cert.sh  server-csr.json  server.pem

#上传 etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz 到 /opt/k8s 目录中,启动etcd服务
https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd /opt/k8s/
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

ls etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64
Documentation  etcd  etcdctl  README-etcdctl.md  README.md  READMEv2-etcdctl.md

#创建用于存放 etcd 配置文件,命令文件,证书的目录
mkdir -p /opt/etcd/{cfg,bin,ssl}

cd /opt/k8s/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/
mv etcd etcdctl /opt/etcd/bin/
cp /opt/k8s/etcd-cert/*.pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

cd /opt/k8s/
./etcd.sh etcd01 192.168.86.11 etcd02=https://192.168.86.22:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.86.55:2380

#进入卡住状态等待其他节点加入,这里需要三台etcd服务同时启动,如果只启动其中一台后,服务会卡在那里,直到集群中所有etcd节点都已启动,可忽略这个情况

#可另外打开一个窗口查看etcd进程是否正常
ps -ef | grep etcd

#把etcd相关证书文件、命令文件和服务管理文件全部拷贝到另外两个etcd集群节点
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.86.22:/opt/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.86.55:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.86.22:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.86.55:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

在 node01 节点上操作

vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd02"											#修改
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.86.22:2380"			#修改
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.86.22:2379"		#修改

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.86.22:2380"		#修改
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.86.22:2379"				#修改
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.86.11:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.86.22:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.86.55:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

#启动etcd服务
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd     ##systemctl enable --now etcd
systemctl status etcd
systemctl在enable、disable、mask子命令里面增加了--now选项,可以激活同时启动服务,激活同时停止服务等。

#部署 docker引擎
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

systemctl start docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service

在 node02 节点上操作

vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd03"											#修改
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.86.55:2380"			#修改
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.86.55:2379"		#修改

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.86.55:2380"		#修改
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.86.55:2379"				#修改
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.86.11:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.86.22:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.86.55:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

#启动etcd服务
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl status etcd

#部署 docker引擎
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

systemctl start docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service

#检查etcd群集状态

ETCDCTL_API=3   /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.86.11:2379,https://192.168.86.22:2379,https://192.168.86.55:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table

ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.86.11:2379,https://192.168.86.22:2379,https://192.168.86.55:2379" endpoint status --write-out=table

#查看etcd集群成员列表

ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.86.11:2379,https://192.168.86.22:2379,https://192.168.86.55:2379" --write-out=table member list

部署 Master 组件

在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 master.zip 和 k8s-cert.sh 到 /opt/k8s 目录中,解压 master.zip 压缩包
cd /opt/k8s/
unzip master.zip
chmod +x *.sh

#创建kubernetes工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

#创建用于生成CA证书、相关组件的证书和私钥的目录
mkdir /opt/k8s/k8s-cert
mv /opt/k8s/k8s-cert.sh /opt/k8s/k8s-cert
cd /opt/k8s/k8s-cert/
./k8s-cert.sh				#生成CA证书、相关组件的证书和私钥

ls *pem
admin-key.pem  apiserver-key.pem  ca-key.pem  kube-proxy-key.pem  
admin.pem      apiserver.pem      ca.pem      kube-proxy.pem

#复制CA证书、apiserver相关证书和私钥到 kubernetes工作目录的 ssl 子目录中
cp ca*pem apiserver*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

#上传 kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 到 /opt/k8s/ 目录中,解压 kubernetes 压缩包
cd /opt/k8s/
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

#复制master组件的关键命令文件到 kubernetes工作目录的 bin 子目录中
cd /opt/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kubectl kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler /opt/kubernetes/bin/
ln -s /opt/kubernetes/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

#创建 bootstrap token 认证文件,apiserver 启动时会调用,然后就相当于在集群内创建了一个这个用户,接下来就可以用 RBAC 给他授权
cd /opt/k8s/
vim token.sh
#!/bin/bash
#获取随机数前16个字节内容,以十六进制格式输出,并删除其中空格
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
#生成 token.csv 文件,按照 Token序列号,用户名,UID,用户组 的格式生成
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv <<EOF
${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN},kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF

chmod +x token.sh
./token.sh
cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv

#二进制文件、token、证书都准备好后,开启 apiserver 服务
cd /opt/k8s/
./apiserver.sh 192.168.10.10 https://192.168.10.10:2379,https://192.168.10.11:2379,https://192.168.10.12:2379

#检查进程是否启动成功
ps aux | grep kube-apiserver
netstat -natp | grep 6443   
#安全端口6443用于接收HTTPS请求,用于基于Token文件或客户端证书等认证


#启动 scheduler 服务
cd /opt/k8s/
./scheduler.sh
ps aux | grep kube-scheduler

#启动 controller-manager 服务
./controller-manager.sh
ps aux | grep kube-controller-manager

#生成kubectl连接集群的kubeconfig文件
./admin.sh

#通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态
kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

#查看版本信息
kubectl version

部署 CoreDNS

CoreDNS:可以为集群中的 service 资源创建一个域名 与 IP 的对应关系解析

在所有 node 节点上操作
#上传 coredns.tar 到 /opt 目录中
cd /opt
docker load -i coredns.tar
在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 coredns.yaml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中,部署 CoreDNS 
cd /opt/k8s
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml

kubectl get pods -n kube-system 
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-5ffbfd976d-j6shb      1/1     Running   0          32s

#DNS 解析测试
kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ # nslookup kubernetes
Server:    10.0.0.2
Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      kubernetes
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

注:
如果出现以下报错
[root@master01 k8s]# kubectl run -it  --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
Error attaching, falling back to logs: unable to upgrade connection: Forbidden (user=system:anonymous, verb=create, resource=nodes, subresource=proxy)
Error from server (Forbidden): Forbidden (user=system:anonymous, verb=get, resource=nodes, subresource=proxy) ( pods/log sh)

需要添加 rbac的权限  直接使用kubectl绑定  clusteradmin 管理员集群角色  授权操作权限
[root@master01 k8s]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=system:anonymous
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/cluster-system-anonymous created
master02 节点部署
#从 master01 节点上拷贝证书文件、各master组件的配置文件和服务管理文件到 master02 节点
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.86.33:/opt/
scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ root@192.168.86.33:/opt
scp -r /root/.kube root@192.168.86.33:/root
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler}.service root@192.168.86.33:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

#修改配置文件kube-apiserver中的IP
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.86.11:2379,https://192.168.86.22:2379,https://192.168.86.55:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.86.33 \				#修改
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.86.33 \			#修改
......

#在 master02 节点上启动各服务并设置开机自启
systemctl start kube-apiserver.service
systemctl enable kube-apiserver.service
systemctl start kube-controller-manager.service
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager.service
systemctl start kube-scheduler.service
systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service

#查看node节点状态
ln -s /opt/kubernetes/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get nodes -o wide			#-o=wide:输出额外信息;对于Pod,将输出Pod所在的Node名
//此时在master02节点查到的node节点状态仅是从etcd查询到的信息,而此时node节点实际上并未与master02节点建立通信连接,因此需要使用一个VIP把node节点与master节点都关联起来

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