Spring Boot集成liquibase快速入门Demo

1.什么是liquibase？

Liquibase是一个用于跟踪、管理和应用数据库变化的开源的数据库重构工具。它将所有数据库的变化（包括结构和数据）都保存在 changelog 文件中，便于版本控制，它的目标是提供一种数据库类型无关的解决方案，通过执行 schema 类型的文件来达到迁移。

Liquibase 特性

• 支持几乎所有主流的数据库，如 MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sql Server, DB2 等；
• 支持多开发者的协作维护；
• 日志文件支持多种格式，如 XML, YAML, JSON, SQL等；
• 支持上下文相关逻辑
• 生成数据库变更文档
• 支持多种运行方式，如命令行、Spring 集成、Maven 插件、Gradle 插件等。

2.环境准备

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version: '3' services: mysql: image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhengqing/mysql:5.7 container_name: mysql_3306 restart: unless-stopped volumes: - "./mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf" - "./mysql/init-file.sql:/etc/mysql/init-file.sql" - "./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql" # - "./mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d" - "./mysql/log/mysql/error.log:/var/log/mysql/error.log" - "./mysql/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d" # init sql script directory -- tips: it can be excute when `/var/lib/mysql` is empty environment: # set environment,equals docker run -e TZ: Asia/Shanghai LANG: en_US.UTF-8 MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root # set root password MYSQL_DATABASE: root # init database name ports: # port mappping - "3306:3306"

注意my.cnf在windows系统必须为只读，否则忽略

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docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml -p mysql57 up -d

3.代码工程

实验目标

实验mysql数据初始化

pom.xml

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xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>3.2.1</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>Liquibase</artifactId> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.liquibase</groupId> <artifactId>liquibase-core</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.33</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.liquibase</groupId> <artifactId>liquibase-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <!--生成Changelog的输出目录--> <outputChangeLogFile>${basedir}/src/main/resources/liquibase/generate/changeLog.xml</outputChangeLogFile> <!--DB连接信息--> <driver>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driver> <url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useSSL=false</url> <username>root</username> <password>root</password> <dropFirst>false</dropFirst> <verbose>true</verbose> <logging>debug</logging> <promptOnNonLocalDatabase>false</promptOnNonLocalDatabase> <outputFileEncoding>UTF-8</outputFileEncoding> <propertyFileWillOverride>true</propertyFileWillOverride> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>

applocation.properties

ini

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spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/demo?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useSSL=false spring.datasource.username = root spring.datasource.password = root spring.datasource.driver-class-name = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver spring.liquibase.change-log = classpath:liquibase/master.xml spring.liquibase.contexts = dev

changlog配置目录

也可以使用插件生成，如下图所示

以上只是一些关键代码，所有代码请参见下面代码仓库

代码仓库

• github.com/Harries/spr…(liquibase）

4.测试

启动Spring Boot应用程序，查看启动日志

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2024-08-05T14:36:52.691+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.changelog : Reading from demo.databasechangelog Database is up to date, no changesets to execute 2024-08-05T14:36:52.730+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.changelog : Reading from demo.databasechangelog 2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : UPDATE SUMMARY 2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Run: 0 2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Previously run: 1 2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Filtered out: 0 2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : ------------------------------- 2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Total change sets: 1 2024-08-05T14:36:52.738+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Update summary generated 2024-08-05T14:36:52.755+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.lockservice : Successfully released change log lock 2024-08-05T14:36:52.757+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.command : Command execution complete

因为我之前已经启动过一次，sql已经被执行了，所以第二次不会再执行。

Liquibase默认会生成databasechangelog和databasechangeloglock表（记录变更日志）