30秒让你学会华为路由器IP地址的配置

IPv4（Internet Protocol Version 4网络协议版本4）协议族是TCP/IP协议族中最为核心的协议族。它工作在TCP/IP协议栈的网络层，提供了无连接数据传输服务。这也是新手宝宝必须要了解和掌握的。

一、IP地址基本概念

1.1 IP地址概述

1. 网络层位于数据链路层与传输层之间。网络层中包含了许多协议，其中最重要的协议就是IP。网络层提供了IP路由功能。
2. IP地址由32位的二进制组成，为了方便记忆，8位为一段，以点进行分隔，共计四段，转换为十进制。

1.2 IP地址专业术语

1. 网络部分：用于标识一个网段。
2. 主机部分：用于区分一个网络内的不同主机，表示在这个网段内主机的唯一性。
3. 子网掩码：用于区分地址是否在同一个网段。
4. 广播地址：用于想该网络中所有主机发送数据的特殊地址。

1.3 私有地址分类

类型	范围
A	10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255
B	172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255
C	192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255

二、实验配置

2.1 实验目的

掌握接口IPv4的配置方法。

2.2 拓扑图展示

2.3 实验步骤

R1路由器配置如下：

<Huawei>system-view //进入系统视图

[Huawei]undo info-center enable //关闭路由器输出信息

[Huawei]sysname R1 //修改设备名为R1

[R1]display ip interface brief //查看路由器接口信息

*down: administratively down #*号表示该接口被手动关闭，如命令shutdown

^down: standby #^代表该接口是备份接口

(l): loopback #（l）代表环回

(s): spoofing #（s）代表欺骗

The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 2 #表示物理状态UP的接口数量为2

The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1   #表示物理状态DOWN的接口为1

The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 1 #表示协议状态UP的接口数量为1

The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2 #表示协议状态DOWN的接口为2

接口名  IP地址/子网掩码 物理状态 协议状态

Interface                       IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  

GigabitEthernet0/0/0              unassigned           up         down      

GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      

NULL0                           unassigned           up         up(s)     

[R1]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 //进入GigabitEthernet 0/0/0接口

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.12.1 24 //配置IP地址和子网掩码

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown //打开接口

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]display ip interface  brief

*down: administratively down

^down: standby

(l): loopback

(s): spoofing

The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 2

The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1

The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 2

The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  

GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.12.1/24      up         up        

GigabitEthernet0/0/1               unassigned          down       down      

NULL0                           unassigned           up         up(s)     

R2路由器配置如下：

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]undo info-center enable

[Huawei]sysname R2

[R2]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ip interface  brief

*down: administratively down

^down: standby

(l): loopback

(s): spoofing

The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 2

The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1

The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 2

The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  

GigabitEthernet0/0/0              unassigned           down       down      

GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.12.2/24      up         up        

NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)   

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ping 192.168.12.1         //可以ping通R1的接口地址。

  PING 192.168.12.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 192.168.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=140 ms

    Reply from 192.168.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms

    Reply from 192.168.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms

    Reply from 192.168.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms

    Reply from 192.168.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=30 ms

  --- 192.168.12.1 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/46/140 ms

三、技术要点

以上是华为路由器地址配置的基本操作，都属于入门级基础。华为设备上支持两种配置子网掩码的方式。

第一种是点份十进制：ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

第二种是前缀长度：ip address 192.168.12.1 24

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