一、熟悉java面向对象编程的特性
图书管理系统项目的编写过程中需要创建对应的类、接口,最后通过main类中的main方法实现整合,该过程可以很好地熟悉java的编程特性:
1.封装:需要正确建立各个类、接口中的访问权限以及成员变量的getter、setter方法。
2.继承:通过各个类的关系实现类、抽象类的继承,接口的应用,此过程应当注意子类应当重写父类或者接口中的abstract方法。
组合:每个类中可以通过组合的方式(类似C++中的子对象)将其他类、抽象类、接口的引用作为自己的成员变量,或者作为本类方法中的参数等。
3.多态:可以通过派生类引用赋值、传参、返回的方式实现向上转型,再调用派生类中的重新方法实现动态绑定。
二、图书管理系统源码
1.代码结构:
out文件夹下包含三个package,分别是Book,operation,user,内部包含相应的类以及接口
同时包含一个Main类,其中的main方法用来整合整个系统
2.Book相关类
(1)Book类 :图书类
package Book;
public class Book {
private String name;
private String author;
private int price;
private String type;
private boolean islent;
public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public boolean isIslent() {
return islent;
}
public void setIslent(boolean islent) {
this.islent = islent;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
(islent==true?" 已借出":" 未借出") +
'}';
}
}
(2) BookList类:书架类
package Book;
public class BookList {
private Book[] books=new Book[10];
private int usedSize=3;
public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
this.usedSize = usedSize;
}
public int getUsedSize() {
return usedSize;
}
public Book getBook(int pos) {
return books[pos];
}
public void setBook(int pos,Book book){
books[pos]=book;
}
public boolean isFull(){
if(this.usedSize== books.length){
return true;
}
return false;
}
public BookList(){
books[0]=new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",10,"小说");
books[1]=new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",19,"小说");
books[2]=new Book("西游记","吴承恩",9,"小说");
}
3.operation相关类
(1)IOperation接口
package operation;
import Book.BookList;
public interface IOperation {
public void work(BookList bookList);
}
IOperation用作以下操作类的公共接口,应用时应当重写work()方法。
(2)FindOperation类:查找图书操作
package operation;
import Book.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindOperation implements IOperation {
public void work(BookList bookList){
System.out.println("查找图书...");
System.out.println("请输入你要查找的图书名:");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String bookName=scanner.nextLine();
int currentsize= bookList.getUsedSize();
for(int i=0;i<currentsize;i++){
Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
if(book.getName().equals(bookName)){
System.out.println("找到了这本书:");
System.out.println(book);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有你要找的书...");
}
}
(3)AddOperation类:新增图书操作
package operation;
import Book.Book;
import Book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AddOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList){
System.out.println("新增图书...");
if(bookList.isFull()==true){
System.out.println("书架满了,无法新增:");
return;
}
System.out.println("请输入你要新增的图书的书名:");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String bookName=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入你要新增的图书的作者:");
String author=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入你要新增的图书的价格:");
int price=scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("请输入你要新增的图书的类型:");
String type=scanner.nextLine();
Book book=new Book(bookName,author,price,type);
int currentSize= bookList.getUsedSize();
bookList.setBook(currentSize,book);
bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize+1);
System.out.println("新增图书成功:");
}
}
(4)DelOperation类:删除图书操作
package operation;
import Book.Book;
import Book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DelOperation implements IOperation {
public void work(BookList bookList){
System.out.println("删除图书...");
System.out.println("请输入你要删除的图书名:");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String bookName=scanner.nextLine();
int currentsize= bookList.getUsedSize();
int pos=-1,i=1;
for(;i<currentsize;i++){
Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
if(book.getName().equals(bookName)){
pos=i;
break;
}
}
if(i>=currentsize){
System.out.println("没有你要找的书:");
return;
}
for(int j=pos;j<currentsize-1;j++){
Book book=bookList.getBook(j+1);
bookList.setBook(j,book);
}
bookList.setBook(currentsize-1,null);
bookList.setUsedSize(currentsize-1);
System.out.println("删除图书成功:");
}
}
(5)BorrowOperation类:借阅图书操作
package operation;
import Book.Book;
import Book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList){
System.out.println("借阅图书...");
System.out.println("你想要借阅的图书的名称是:");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String bookName=scanner.nextLine();
int currentSize=bookList.getUsedSize();
for(int i=0;i<currentSize;i++){
Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
if(book.getName().equals(bookName)){
book.setIslent(true);
System.out.println("借阅成功:");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("找不到这本书,借阅失败:");
}
}
(6)ReturnOperation类:归还图书操作
package operation;
import Book.Book;
import Book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList){
System.out.println("归还图书...");
System.out.println("你想要归还的图书的名称是:");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String bookName=scanner.nextLine();
int currentSize=bookList.getUsedSize();
for(int i=0;i<currentSize;i++){
Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
if(book.getName().equals(bookName)){
book.setIslent(false);
System.out.println("归还成功:");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("找不到这本书,归还失败:");
}
}
(7)ExitOperation类:退出系统操作
package operation;
import Book.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList){
System.out.println("退出系统...");
int currentSize=bookList.getUsedSize();
for(int i=0;i<currentSize;i++){
bookList.setBook(i,null);
}
System.out.println("退出成功:");
System.exit(0);
}
}
通过系统类方法退出即可。
4.User相关类
(1)User抽象类
package user;
import Book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;
public abstract class User {
private String name;
protected IOperation[] iOperations;
public User(String name){
this.name=name;
}
public abstract int menu();
public void doIOperations(int choice, BookList bookList){
this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
}
}
其中有一个成员变量是接口IOperation引用类的数组。
其主要作用是 供管理员类和普通用户类继承。
(2)AdminUser类:管理员类
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AdminUser extends User{
public AdminUser(String name) {
super(name);
this.iOperations=new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new AddOperation(),
new DelOperation(),
new ShowOperation()
};
}
public int menu(){
System.out.println("******管理员用户菜单******");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.新增图书");
System.out.println("3.删除图书");
System.out.println("4.显示图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("**********************");
System.out.println("请输入你的操作");
Scanner scanner =new Scanner(System.in);
int choice=scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
管理员类重写的构造方法中,将操作类引用赋值给接口引用,实现了向上转型,此时再调用
从User抽象类中继承的doIOperation方法即可实现动态绑定。
(3)NormalUser类: 普通用户类
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class NormalUser extends User{
public NormalUser(String name) {
super(name);
this.iOperations=new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new BorrowOperation(),
new ReturnOperation()
};
}
public int menu(){
System.out.println("******普通用户菜单******");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
System.out.println("3.归还图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("**********************");
System.out.println("请输入你的操作");
Scanner scanner =new Scanner(System.in);
int choice=scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
具体思想同管理员类。
5.Main类
import Book.BookList;
import user.*;
import java.sql.SQLOutput;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static User login(){
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你的姓名");
String name=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入你的身份,1:管理员 2:普通用户");
int choice=scanner.nextInt();
if(choice==1){
AdminUser adminUser=new AdminUser(name);
return adminUser;
}
else{
NormalUser normalUser=new NormalUser(name);
return normalUser;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BookList bookList=new BookList();
User user=login();
while(true) {
int choice = user.menu();
user.doIOperations(choice, bookList);
}
}
}
Main类中设计login()方法实现登录信息的录入并返回对应User类的引用,此时赋值给main方法中的user实现向上转型,再调用menu(),doIOperations()等方法实现动态绑定,最终实现图书管理系统。
三、程序运行示例
以上便是图书管理系统的全部内容,核心思路来自于互联网,仅供学习参考,如有不当,敬请斧正!