1. memcpy 使⽤和模拟实现
void * memcpy ( void * destination, const void * source, size_t num );
• 函数memcpy从source的位置开始向后复制num个字节的数据到destination指向的内存位置。
• 这个函数在遇到 '\0' 的时候并不会停下来。
• 如果source和destination有任何的重叠,复制的结果都是未定义的。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
int arr1[] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };
int arr2[10] = { 0 };
memcpy(arr2, arr1, 20);
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr2[i]);
}
return 0;
}
对于重叠的内存,交给memmove来处理。
memcpy函数的模拟实现:
void * memcpy ( void * dst, const void * src, size_t count)
{
void * ret = dst;
assert(dst);
assert(src);
/*
* copy from lower addresses to higher addresses
*/
while (count--) {
*(char *)dst = *(char *)src;
dst = (char *)dst + 1;
src = (char *)src + 1;
}
return(ret);
}
2. memmove 使⽤和模拟实现
void * memmove ( void * destination, const void * source, size_t num );
• 和memcpy的差别就是memmove函数处理的源内存块和⽬标内存块是可以重叠的。
• 如果源空间和⽬标空间出现重叠,就得使⽤memmove函数处理。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
int arr1[] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };
memmove(arr1+2, arr1, 20);
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr2[i]);
}
return 0;
}
输出的结果:
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10
memmove的模拟实现:
void * memmove ( void * dst, const void * src, size_t count)
{
void * ret = dst;
if (dst <= src || (char *)dst >= ((char *)src + count)) {
/*
* Non-Overlapping Buffers
* copy from lower addresses to higher addresses
*/
while (count--) {
*(char *)dst = *(char *)src;
dst = (char *)dst + 1;
src = (char *)src + 1;
}
}
else {
/*
* Overlapping Buffers
* copy from higher addresses to lower addresses
*/
dst = (char *)dst + count - 1;
src = (char *)src + count - 1;
while (count--) {
*(char *)dst = *(char *)src;
dst = (char *)dst - 1;
src = (char *)src - 1;
}
}
return(ret);
}
3. memset 函数的使⽤
void * memset ( void * ptr, int value, size_t num );
memset是⽤来设置内存的,将内存中的值以字节为单位设置成想要的内容。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
char str[] = "hello world";
memset (str,'x',6);
printf(str);
return 0;
}
输出的结果:
xxxxxxworld
4. memcmp 函数的使⽤
int memcmp ( const void * ptr1, const void * ptr2, size_t num );
• ⽐较从ptr1和ptr2指针指向的位置开始,向后的num个字节
• 返回值如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char buffer1[] = "DWgaOtP12df0";
char buffer2[] = "DWGAOTP12DF0";
int n;
n = memcmp(buffer1, buffer2, sizeof(buffer1));
if (n > 0)
printf("'%s' is greater than '%s'.\n", buffer1, buffer2);
else if (n < 0)
printf("'%s' is less than '%s'.\n", buffer1, buffer2);
else
printf("'%s' is the same as '%s'.\n", buffer1, buffer2);
return 0;
}