第p2周：CIFAR10彩色图片识别

• 🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
• 🍖 原作者：K同学啊

前言

要求：

1.学习如何编写一个完整的深度学习程序

2.手动推导卷积层与池化层的计算过程

实验环境：

• 语言环境：Python3.10
• 编译器：Pycharm
• 深度学习环境：
  1.torch == 2.1.0
  2.torchvision ==0.16.0

一、前期准备

1.设置GPU

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import torchvision

# 设置硬件设备，如果有GPU则使用，没有则使用cpu
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
device

代码输出：

cuda

2.导入数据

输入代码：

#----------------导入数据----------------
#-----------------使用dataset下载CIFAR10数据集，并划好训练集与测试集-----------------
train_ds = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10('data', train=True, transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(), download=True)  #将数据类型转化为Tensor
test_ds = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10('data', train=False, transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(), download=True) #将数据类型转化为Tensor

代码输出：

Downloading https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar-10-python.tar.gz to data\cifar-10-python.tar.gz
100%|██████████| 170498071/170498071 [03:42<00:00, 767970.86it/s]
Extracting data\cifar-10-python.tar.gz to data
Files already downloaded and verified

使用dataloader加载数据，并设置好基本的batch_size

#----------------------使用dataloader加载数据，并设置好基本的batch_size------------------------
batch_size = 32
train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_ds, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_ds, batch_size=batch_size)

#取一个批次查看数据格式
#数据的shape为：[batch_size, channel, height, weight]
#其中batch_size为自已设定，channel. height和weight分别是图片的通道数，高度和宽度。
imgs, labels = next(iter(train_dl))
#imgs.shape
print(imgs.shape)

代码输出：

torch.Size([32, 3, 32, 32])

3.数据可视化

import numpy as np
#---------------------------数据可视化--------------------------------
#指定图片大小，图像大小为20宽，5高的绘图（单位为英寸inch）
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 5))
for i, imgs in enumerate(imgs[:20]):#维度缩减
    npimg = imgs.numpy().transpose((1, 2, 0)) #进行轴变换
    plt.subplot(2, 10, i+1) #将整个figure分成2行10列，绘制第i+1个子图。
    plt.imshow(npimg, cmap=plt.cm.binary)
    plt.axis('off')
    plt.show()

代码输出：

二、构建简单的CNN网络

import torch.nn.functional as F
#-------------------------------构建简单的cnn网络----------------------------
num_classes = 10 #图片的类别数

class Model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__() #特征提取网络
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3) #第一层卷积，卷积核大小为3*3
        self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2)     #设置池化层，池化核大小为2*2
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3)    #第二层卷积，卷积核大小为3*3
        self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2)
        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3)  # 第三层卷积，卷积核大小为3*3
        self.pool3 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2)

        # 分类网络
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(512, 256)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(256, num_classes)
        # 向前传播
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))
        x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))
        x = self.pool3(F.relu(self.conv3(x)))

        x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)

        x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
        x = self.fc2(x)

        return x

加载并打印模型

from torchinfo import summary
#------------------------加载并打印模型-------------------
# 将模型转移到GPU中（我们模型运行均在GPU中进行）
model = Model().to(device)
summary(model)

代码输出：

=================================================================
Layer (type:depth-idx)                   Param #
=================================================================
Model                                    --
├─Conv2d: 1-1                            1,792
├─MaxPool2d: 1-2                         --
├─Conv2d: 1-3                            36,928
├─MaxPool2d: 1-4                         --
├─Conv2d: 1-5                            73,856
├─MaxPool2d: 1-6                         --
├─Linear: 1-7                            131,328
├─Linear: 1-8                            2,570
=================================================================
Total params: 246,474
Trainable params: 246,474
Non-trainable params: 0
=================================================================

三、训练模型

1.设置超参数

#-----------设置超参数-------------------

loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() #创建损失函数
learn_rate = 1e-2 #学习率
opt = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=learn_rate)

2.编写训练函数

#-------------------编写训练函数-----------------
#训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
    size = len(dataloader.dataset) #训练集的大小，一共60000张图片
    num_batches = len(dataloader) #批次数目，1875（60000/32）

    train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0 #初始化训练损失和正确率

    for X, y in dataloader:  #获取图片及其标签
        X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)

        #计算预测误差
        pred = model(X)     #网络输出
        loss =loss_fn(pred, y)   #计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失。

        #反向传播
        optimizer.zero_grad()   #grad属性归零
        loss.backward()  #反向传播
        optimizer.step()  #每一步自动更新

        #记录acc与loss
        train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
        train_loss += loss.item()

    train_acc /= size
    train_loss /= num_batches

    return train_acc, train_loss

3.编写测试函数

#--------------------编写测试函数-------------------------------
def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)  #测试集的大小，一共10000张图片
    num_batches = len(dataloader)   #批次数目，313（10000/32=312.5，向上取整）
    test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0

    #当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗
    with torch.no_grad():
        for imgs, target in dataloader:
            imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)

            #计算loss
            target_pred = model(imgs)
            loss = loss_fn(target_pred, target)

            test_loss += loss.item()
            test_acc += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()

    test_acc /= size
    test_loss /= num_batches

    return test_acc, test_loss

4.正式训练

#---------------------------正式训练-------------------------
epochs = 10
train_loss = []
train_acc = []
test_loss = []
test_acc = []

for epoch in range(epochs):
    model.train()
    epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, opt)

    model.eval()
    epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)

    train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
    train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
    test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
    test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)

    template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}')
    print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss))
print('Done')

代码输出：

Epoch: 1, Train_acc:14.2%, Train_loss:2.269, Test_acc:21.5%, Test_loss:2.105
Epoch: 2, Train_acc:24.8%, Train_loss:2.016, Test_acc:28.9%, Test_loss:1.913
Epoch: 3, Train_acc:33.2%, Train_loss:1.820, Test_acc:37.5%, Test_loss:1.691
Epoch: 4, Train_acc:40.8%, Train_loss:1.626, Test_acc:43.8%, Test_loss:1.549
Epoch: 5, Train_acc:44.9%, Train_loss:1.515, Test_acc:42.6%, Test_loss:1.577
Epoch: 6, Train_acc:48.8%, Train_loss:1.419, Test_acc:49.4%, Test_loss:1.380
Epoch: 7, Train_acc:52.2%, Train_loss:1.335, Test_acc:52.9%, Test_loss:1.319
Epoch: 8, Train_acc:54.9%, Train_loss:1.264, Test_acc:55.0%, Test_loss:1.261
Epoch: 9, Train_acc:57.7%, Train_loss:1.198, Test_acc:54.9%, Test_loss:1.237
Epoch:10, Train_acc:59.8%, Train_loss:1.142, Test_acc:60.6%, Test_loss:1.122
Done

四、结果可视化

#--------------------------------结果可视化------------------------
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")  #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  #用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  #用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100  #分辨率

epochs_range = range(epochs)

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)

plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()

代码输出：

五、总结

本周练习过程中学习如何编写一个完整的深度学习程序。在学习过程中，要敲代码跑通起来，对代码要了解透彻。关于导入数据这块，也学到了好多。还学习了手动推导卷积层与池化层的计算过程。