一、项目介绍
（1）图书管理
(a)添加图书：在系统中增加图书信息（可自己设计图书的信息：如书号，书名，出版社，等等）
(b)查询图书
(c)编辑图书
(d)删除图书
（2）读者管理
(a)读者注册：在系统中增加读者信息（可自己设计读者信息：如读者姓名、读者性别，联系方式等）
(b)查询读者
(c)编辑读者
(d)删除读者
（3）借阅管理
当输入图书编号，读者编号之后，能对图书馆中现有的图书进行借阅。
（4）还书管理
当输入读者编号和要归还的图书编号，读者能进行还书。
利用文件保存
二、总体代码实现
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
// for std::setw and std::setfill
using namespace std;
// 图书类与读者类的声明
class Book;
class Reader;
// 管理图书馆的类
class Library {
private:
vector<Book> books;
vector<Reader> readers;
public:
// 构造器
Library();
// 图书操作
void addBook();
void searchBook();
void editBook();
void deleteBook();
// 读者操作
void addReader();
void searchReader();
void editReader();
void deleteReader();
// 借阅与归还操作
void borrowBook();
void returnBook();
// 文件操作
void saveData();
void loadData();
};
// 代表图书的类
class Book {
private:
int book_id;
string title;
string publisher;
public:
// 构造器
Book(int id, const string& t, const string& pub) : book_id(id), title(t), publisher(pub) {}
// get方法
int getBookId() const { return book_id; }
string getTitle() const { return title; }
string getPublisher() const { return publisher; }
// set方法
void setTitle(const string& t) { title = t; }
void setPublisher(const string& pub) { publisher = pub; }
// 方法来显示读取构造器详细信息
void display() const {
cout << "图书书号: " << setw(5) << setfill('0') << book_id << " | 图书书名: " << title << " | 图书出版社: " << publisher << endl;
}
};
// 代表读者的类
class Reader {
private:
int reader_id;
string name;
char gender;
string contact;
public:
// 构造器
Reader(int id, const string& n, char g, const string& con) : reader_id(id), name(n), gender(g), contact(con) {}
// get方法
int getReaderId() const { return reader_id; }
string getName() const { return name; }
char getGender() const { return gender; }
string getContact() const { return contact; }
// set方法
void setName(const string& n) { name = n; }
void setGender(char g) { gender = g; }
void setContact(const string& con) { contact = con; }
// 方法来显示读取构造器详细信息
void display() const {
cout << "读者编号: " << setw(5) << setfill('0') << reader_id << " | 读者姓名: " << name << " | 读者性别: " << gender << " | 读者联系方式: " << contact << endl;
}
};
// 类方法的实现
Library::Library() {
// 创建库对象时从文件加载数据
loadData();
}
void Library::addBook() {
int id;
string title, publisher;
cout << "请输入图书书号: ";
cin >> id;
cin.ignore(); // 从缓冲区中清除换行符
cout << "请输入图书书名: ";
getline(cin, title);
cout << "请输入图书出版社: ";
getline(cin, publisher);
books.push_back(Book(id, title, publisher));
cout << "图书添加成功。\n";
saveData(); // 添加成功后保存数据
}
void Library::searchBook() {
int search_id;
cout << "请输入要搜索的图书书号: ";
cin >> search_id;
bool found = false;
for (const auto& book : books) {
if (book.getBookId() == search_id) {
book.display();
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
cout << "没有找到该图书: " << search_id << endl;
}
}
void Library::editBook() {
int edit_id;
cout << "请输入要编辑的图书书号: ";
cin >> edit_id;
for (auto& book : books) {
if (book.getBookId() == edit_id) {
string new_title, new_publisher;
cout << "请输入新的书名（输入以保持当前状态）: ";
cin.ignore(); // 从缓冲区中清除换行符
getline(cin, new_title);
if (!new_title.empty()) {
book.setTitle(new_title);
}
cout << "情输入新的出版社 (输入以保持当前状态): ";
getline(cin, new_publisher);
if (!new_publisher.empty()) {
book.setPublisher(new_publisher);
}
cout << "图书详细信息更新成功。\n";
saveData(); // 更新后保存数据
return;
}
}
cout << "没有找到该图书: " << edit_id << endl;
}
void Library::deleteBook() {
int delete_id;
cout << "请输入要删除的图书书号: ";
cin >> delete_id;
auto it = books.begin();
while (it != books.end()) {
if (it->getBookId() == delete_id) {
it = books.erase(it);
cout << "图书删除成功。\n";
saveData(); // 删除后保存数据
return;
}
else {
++it;
}
}
cout << "没有找到该图书: " << delete_id << endl;
}
void Library::addReader() {
int id;
string name, contact;
char gender;
cout << "请输入读者编号: ";
cin >> id;
cin.ignore(); // 从缓冲区中清除换行符
cout << "请输入读者姓名: ";
getline(cin, name);
cout << "请输入读者性别(M/F): ";
cin >> gender;
cout << "请输入读者联系方式: ";
cin.ignore(); // 从缓冲区中清除换行符
getline(cin, contact);
readers.push_back(Reader(id, name, gender, contact));
cout << "读者添加成功。\n";
saveData(); // 添加成功后保存数据
}
void Library::searchReader() {
int search_id;
cout << "请输入要查询的读者编号: ";
cin >> search_id;
bool found = false;
for (const auto& reader : readers) {
if (reader.getReaderId() == search_id) {
reader.display();
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
cout << "没有找到该读者: " << search_id << endl;
}
}
void Library::editReader() {
int edit_id;
cout << "请输入要编辑的读者编号: ";
cin >> edit_id;
for (auto& reader : readers) {
if (reader.getReaderId() == edit_id) {
string new_name, new_contact;
char new_gender;
cout << "请输入新的姓名（输入以保持当前状态）: ";
cin.ignore(); // 从缓冲区中清除换行符
getline(cin, new_name);
if (!new_name.empty()) {
reader.setName(new_name);
}
cout << "请输入新的性别 (M/F) （输入以保持当前状态）: ";
cin >> new_gender;
if (new_gender == 'M' || new_gender == 'F') {
reader.setGender(new_gender);
}
cout << "请输入新的联系方式（输入以保持当前状态）: ";
cin.ignore(); // 从缓冲区中清除换行符
getline(cin, new_contact);
if (!new_contact.empty()) {
reader.setContact(new_contact);
}
cout << "读者详细信息更新完成。\n";
saveData(); // 更新后保存数据
return;
}
}
cout << "没有找到该读者: " << edit_id << endl;
}
void Library::deleteReader() {
int delete_id;
cout << "请输入要删除的读者编号: ";
cin >> delete_id;
auto it = readers.begin();
while (it != readers.end()) {
if (it->getReaderId() == delete_id) {
it = readers.erase(it);
cout << "读者删除成功。\n";
saveData(); // 删除后保存数据
return;
}
else {
++it;
}
}
cout << "没有找到该读者: " << delete_id << endl;
}
void Library::borrowBook() {
int book_id, reader_id;
cout << "请输入要借阅图书的图书编号: ";
cin >> book_id;
cout << "请输入要借阅图书的读者编号: ";
cin >> reader_id;
// 借用逻辑的占位符实现
cout << "图书借阅成功。\n";
}
void Library::returnBook() {
int book_id, reader_id;
cout << "请输入要归还图书的图书编号: ";
cin >> book_id;
cout << "请输入要归还图书的读者编号: ";
cin >> reader_id;
// 借用逻辑的占位符实现
cout << "图书归还成功。\n";
}
void Library::saveData() {
ofstream bookFile("books.txt");
if (!bookFile.is_open()) {
cerr << "无法打开books.txt进行写入。\n";
return;
}
for (const auto& book : books) {
bookFile << book.getBookId() << ',' << book.getTitle() << ',' << book.getPublisher() << '\n';
}
bookFile.close();
ofstream readerFile("readers.txt");
if (!readerFile.is_open()) {
cerr << "无法打开readers.txt进行写入。\n";
return;
}
for (const auto& reader : readers) {
readerFile << reader.getReaderId() << ',' << reader.getName() << ',' << reader.getGender() << ',' << reader.getContact() << '\n';
}
readerFile.close();
cout << "数据保存成功。\n";
}
void Library::loadData() {
ifstream bookFile("books.txt");
if (!bookFile.is_open()) {
cerr << "无法打开books.txt进行阅读。\n";
return;
}
int id;
string title, publisher;
while (bookFile >> id) {
bookFile.ignore(); // Ignore the comma
getline(bookFile, title, ',');
getline(bookFile, publisher);
books.push_back(Book(id, title, publisher));
}
bookFile.close();
ifstream readerFile("readers.txt");
if (!readerFile.is_open()) {
cerr << "无法打开readers.txt进行阅读。\n";
return;
}
char gender;
string name, contact;
while (readerFile >> id) {
readerFile.ignore(); // 忽略逗号
getline(readerFile, name, ',');
readerFile >> gender;
readerFile.ignore(); // 忽略逗号
getline(readerFile, contact);
readers.push_back(Reader(id, name, gender, contact));
}
readerFile.close();
cout << "数据加载成功。\n";
}
// 主界面（驱动程序的主要功能）
int main() {
Library library;
int choice;
do {
cout << "\n图书管理系统\n";
cout << "1. 添加图书\n";
cout << "2. 查询图书\n";
cout << "3. 编辑图书\n";
cout << "4. 删除图书\n";
cout << "5. 读者注册\n";
cout << "6. 查询读者\n";
cout << "7. 编辑读者\n";
cout << "8. 删除读者\n";
cout << "9. 借阅图书\n";
cout << "10.归还图书\n";
cout << "0. 退出程序\n";
cout << "请输入您的选择: ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 1:
library.addBook();
break;
case 2:
library.searchBook();
break;
case 3:
library.editBook();
break;
case 4:
library.deleteBook();
break;
case 5:
library.addReader();
break;
case 6:
library.searchReader();
break;
case 7:
library.editReader();
break;
case 8:
library.deleteReader();
break;
case 9:
library.borrowBook();
break;
case 10:
library.returnBook();
break;
case 0:
cout << "退出程序\n";
break;
default:
cout << "无效选择。请再次输入。\n";
}
} while (choice != 0);
return 0;
}
三、分布介绍
1.主页面展示
通过简单的可视化界面展示
// 主界面（驱动程序的主要功能）
int main() {
Library library;
int choice;
do {
cout << "\n图书管理系统\n";
cout << "1. 添加图书\n";
cout << "2. 查询图书\n";
cout << "3. 编辑图书\n";
cout << "4. 删除图书\n";
cout << "5. 读者注册\n";
cout << "6. 查询读者\n";
cout << "7. 编辑读者\n";
cout << "8. 删除读者\n";
cout << "9. 借阅图书\n";
cout << "10.归还图书\n";
cout << "0. 退出程序\n";
cout << "请输入您的选择: ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 1:
library.addBook();
break;
case 2:
library.searchBook();
break;
case 3:
library.editBook();
break;
case 4:
library.deleteBook();
break;
case 5:
library.addReader();
break;
case 6:
library.searchReader();
break;
case 7:
library.editReader();
break;
case 8:
library.deleteReader();
break;
case 9:
library.borrowBook();
break;
case 10:
library.returnBook();
break;
case 0:
cout << "退出程序\n";
break;
default:
cout << "无效选择。请再次输入。\n";
}
} while (choice != 0);
return 0;
}
2.代表图书和读者的类
// 图书类与读者类的声明
class Book;
class Reader;
// 管理图书馆的类
class Library {
private:
vector<Book> books;
vector<Reader> readers;
public:
// 构造器
Library();
// 图书操作
void addBook();
void searchBook();
void editBook();
void deleteBook();
// 读者操作
void addReader();
void searchReader();
void editReader();
void deleteReader();
// 借阅与归还操作
void borrowBook();
void returnBook();
// 文件操作
void saveData();
void loadData();
};
// 代表图书的类
class Book {
private:
int book_id;
string title;
string publisher;
public:
// 构造器
Book(int id, const string& t, const string& pub) : book_id(id), title(t), publisher(pub) {}
// get方法
int getBookId() const { return book_id; }
string getTitle() const { return title; }
string getPublisher() const { return publisher; }
// set方法
void setTitle(const string& t) { title = t; }
void setPublisher(const string& pub) { publisher = pub; }
// 方法来显示读取构造器详细信息
void display() const {
cout << "图书书号: " << setw(5) << setfill('0') << book_id << " | 图书书名: " << title << " | 图书出版社: " << publisher << endl;
}
};
// 代表读者的类
class Reader {
private:
int reader_id;
string name;
char gender;
string contact;
public:
// 构造器
Reader(int id, const string& n, char g, const string& con) : reader_id(id), name(n), gender(g), contact(con) {}
// get方法
int getReaderId() const { return reader_id; }
string getName() const { return name; }
char getGender() const { return gender; }
string getContact() const { return contact; }
// set方法
void setName(const string& n) { name = n; }
void setGender(char g) { gender = g; }
void setContact(const string& con) { contact = con; }
// 方法来显示读取构造器详细信息
void display() const {
cout << "读者编号: " << setw(5) << setfill('0') << reader_id << " | 读者姓名: " << name << " | 读者性别: " << gender << " | 读者联系方式: " << contact << endl;
}
};
3.相关类方法的实现
// 类方法的实现
Library::Library() {
// 创建库对象时从文件加载数据
loadData();
}
void Library::addBook() {
int id;
string title, publisher;
cout << "请输入图书书号: ";
cin >> id;
cin.ignore(); // 从缓冲区中清除换行符
cout << "请输入图书书名: ";
getline(cin, title);
cout << "请输入图书出版社: ";
getline(cin, publisher);
books.push_back(Book(id, title, publisher));
cout << "图书添加成功。\n";
saveData(); // 添加成功后保存数据
}
void Library::searchBook() {
int search_id;
cout << "请输入要搜索的图书书号: ";
cin >> search_id;
bool found = false;
for (const auto& book : books) {
if (book.getBookId() == search_id) {
book.display();
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
cout << "没有找到该图书: " << search_id << endl;
}
}
void Library::editBook() {
int edit_id;
cout << "请输入要编辑的图书书号: ";
cin >> edit_id;
for (auto& book : books) {
if (book.getBookId() == edit_id) {
string new_title, new_publisher;
cout << "请输入新的书名（输入以保持当前状态）: ";
cin.ignore(); // 从缓冲区中清除换行符
getline(cin, new_title);
if (!new_title.empty()) {
book.setTitle(new_title);
}
cout << "情输入新的出版社 (输入以保持当前状态): ";
getline(cin, new_publisher);
if (!new_publisher.empty()) {
book.setPublisher(new_publisher);
}
cout << "图书详细信息更新成功。\n";
saveData(); // 更新后保存数据
return;
}
}
cout << "没有找到该图书: " << edit_id << endl;
}
void Library::deleteBook() {
int delete_id;
cout << "请输入要删除的图书书号: ";
cin >> delete_id;
auto it = books.begin();
while (it != books.end()) {
if (it->getBookId() == delete_id) {
it = books.erase(it);
cout << "图书删除成功。\n";
saveData(); // 删除后保存数据
return;
}
else {
++it;
}
}
cout << "没有找到该图书: " << delete_id << endl;
}
void Library::addReader() {
int id;
string name, contact;
char gender;
cout << "请输入读者编号: ";
cin >> id;
cin.ignore(); // 从缓冲区中清除换行符
cout << "请输入读者姓名: ";
getline(cin, name);
cout << "请输入读者性别(M/F): ";
cin >> gender;
cout << "请输入读者联系方式: ";
cin.ignore(); // 从缓冲区中清除换行符
getline(cin, contact);
readers.push_back(Reader(id, name, gender, contact));
cout << "读者添加成功。\n";
saveData(); // 添加成功后保存数据
}
void Library::searchReader() {
int search_id;
cout << "请输入要查询的读者编号: ";
cin >> search_id;
bool found = false;
for (const auto& reader : readers) {
if (reader.getReaderId() == search_id) {
reader.display();
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
cout << "没有找到该读者: " << search_id << endl;
}
}
void Library::editReader() {
int edit_id;
cout << "请输入要编辑的读者编号: ";
cin >> edit_id;
for (auto& reader : readers) {
if (reader.getReaderId() == edit_id) {
string new_name, new_contact;
char new_gender;
cout << "请输入新的姓名（输入以保持当前状态）: ";
cin.ignore(); // 从缓冲区中清除换行符
getline(cin, new_name);
if (!new_name.empty()) {
reader.setName(new_name);
}
cout << "请输入新的性别 (M/F) （输入以保持当前状态）: ";
cin >> new_gender;
if (new_gender == 'M' || new_gender == 'F') {
reader.setGender(new_gender);
}
cout << "请输入新的联系方式（输入以保持当前状态）: ";
cin.ignore(); // 从缓冲区中清除换行符
getline(cin, new_contact);
if (!new_contact.empty()) {
reader.setContact(new_contact);
}
cout << "读者详细信息更新完成。\n";
saveData(); // 更新后保存数据
return;
}
}
cout << "没有找到该读者: " << edit_id << endl;
}
void Library::deleteReader() {
int delete_id;
cout << "请输入要删除的读者编号: ";
cin >> delete_id;
auto it = readers.begin();
while (it != readers.end()) {
if (it->getReaderId() == delete_id) {
it = readers.erase(it);
cout << "读者删除成功。\n";
saveData(); // 删除后保存数据
return;
}
else {
++it;
}
}
cout << "没有找到该读者: " << delete_id << endl;
}
void Library::borrowBook() {
int book_id, reader_id;
cout << "请输入要借阅图书的图书编号: ";
cin >> book_id;
cout << "请输入要借阅图书的读者编号: ";
cin >> reader_id;
// 借用逻辑的占位符实现
cout << "图书借阅成功。\n";
}
void Library::returnBook() {
int book_id, reader_id;
cout << "请输入要归还图书的图书编号: ";
cin >> book_id;
cout << "请输入要归还图书的读者编号: ";
cin >> reader_id;
// 借用逻辑的占位符实现
cout << "图书归还成功。\n";
}
void Library::saveData() {
ofstream bookFile("books.txt");
if (!bookFile.is_open()) {
cerr << "无法打开books.txt进行写入。\n";
return;
}
for (const auto& book : books) {
bookFile << book.getBookId() << ',' << book.getTitle() << ',' << book.getPublisher() << '\n';
}
bookFile.close();
ofstream readerFile("readers.txt");
if (!readerFile.is_open()) {
cerr << "无法打开readers.txt进行写入。\n";
return;
}
for (const auto& reader : readers) {
readerFile << reader.getReaderId() << ',' << reader.getName() << ',' << reader.getGender() << ',' << reader.getContact() << '\n';
}
readerFile.close();
cout << "数据保存成功。\n";
}
void Library::loadData() {
ifstream bookFile("books.txt");
if (!bookFile.is_open()) {
cerr << "无法打开books.txt进行阅读。\n";
return;
}
int id;
string title, publisher;
while (bookFile >> id) {
bookFile.ignore(); // Ignore the comma
getline(bookFile, title, ',');
getline(bookFile, publisher);
books.push_back(Book(id, title, publisher));
}
bookFile.close();
ifstream readerFile("readers.txt");
if (!readerFile.is_open()) {
cerr << "无法打开readers.txt进行阅读。\n";
return;
}
char gender;
string name, contact;
while (readerFile >> id) {
readerFile.ignore(); // 忽略逗号
getline(readerFile, name, ',');
readerFile >> gender;
readerFile.ignore(); // 忽略逗号
getline(readerFile, contact);
readers.push_back(Reader(id, name, gender, contact));
}
readerFile.close();
cout << "数据加载成功。\n";
}
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