1. 游戏背景
贪吃蛇是久负盛名的游戏,它也和俄罗斯⽅块,扫雷等游戏位列经典游戏的⾏列。 在编程语⾔的教学中,我们以贪吃蛇为例,从设计到代码实现来提升学⽣的编程能⼒和逻辑能⼒。
2. 课程⽬标
使⽤C语⾔在Windows环境的控制台中模拟实现经典⼩游戏贪吃蛇 实现基本的功能: • 贪吃蛇地图绘制 • 蛇吃⻝物的功能 (上、下、左、右⽅向键控制蛇的动作) • 蛇撞墙死亡 • 蛇撞⾃⾝死亡 • 计算得分 • 蛇⾝加速、减速 • 暂停游戏
3. 技术要点
C语⾔函数、枚举、结构体、动态内存管理、预处理指令、链表、Win32 API等。
4. Win32 API介绍
本次实现贪吃蛇会使⽤到的⼀些Win32 API知识,但我在这里就不多叙述了,感兴趣的可以自学一下
5. 贪吃蛇游戏设计与分析
首先我们需要一个地图页面
然后我们还需要打印规则
然后进入游戏后还需要地图规则一起出现,一左一右
同时还需要维护我们的游戏
并且实现一些功能按键
5.1开始实现准备工作
还是先创建三个文件,两个源文件一个头文件
在头文件中要包含以下头文件
#include<locale.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<Windows.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
接下来我们设置光标位置
void SetPos(int x, int y)
{
//获得设备句柄
HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
//根据句柄设置光标位置
COORD pos = { x,y };
SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, pos);
}
然后打印我们的欢迎界面
需要有规则以及功能以及欢迎信息
void WelcomeToGame()
{
//定位光标坐标,打印欢迎信息
SetPos(48, 15);
printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏\n");
SetPos(48, 20);
system("pause");
system("cls");
//打印功能介绍信息
SetPos(40, 10);
printf("用↑ ↓ ← →来控制蛇的移动方向,F3是加速,F4是减速\n");
SetPos(40, 11);
printf("加速能获得更高的分数");
SetPos(48, 20);
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
之后我们也需要测试
所以源文件中
int main()
{
//修改适配本地中文环境
setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
test();//贪吃蛇游戏的测试
SetPos(0, 28);
return 0;
}
头文件中
//定位光标位置
void SetPos(int x, int y);
5.2地图的实现
实现地图的话我们需要特殊字符,这样的话打印就需要wprintf函数并且括号里面的格式也需要改变一下
我们先再头文件中去定义我们的墙体符号
#define WALL L'□'
然后再去s源文件中去补充
地图的话我们需要设置一个正方形或者长方形地图
并且因为特殊字符需要两个正常字符的格
所以我们的x轴要更大一下,并且最好是偶数
因为需要一直打印,所以我们利用for循环去打印四周的墙体
void CreateMap()
{
int i = 0;
//上
SetPos(0, 0);
for (i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
{
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//下
SetPos(0, 28);
for (i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
{
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//左
for (i = 1; i <= 28; i++)
{
SetPos(0, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//右
for (i = 1; i <= 28; i++)
{
SetPos(56, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
}
这样就打印好了
5.3蛇的创建
因为我们蛇是一节一节的
所以我们利用链表去创建节点
然后将蛇的节点一个个的连接起来
同时我们还需要初始化一些蛇的状态以及游戏中相应的东西
比如食物的分数,累计分数,方向等等
头文件
//蛇的默认起始坐标
#define POS_X 24
#define POS_Y 5
//游戏的状态
enum GAME_STATUS
{
OK = 1,
ESC,
KILL_BY_WALL,
KILL_BY_SELF
};
enum DIRECTION
{
UP = 1,
DOWN,
LEFT,
RIGHT
};
//贪吃蛇蛇身节点的定义
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
int x;
int y;
struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode, * pSnakeNode;
//贪吃蛇游戏的维护
typedef struct Snake
{
pSnakeNode pSnake;//维护蛇的指针
pSnakeNode pFood;//指向食物的指针
int Score;//当前累计分数
int FoodWeight;//一个食物的分数
int SleeoTime;//舍得休眠时间,时间短则速度快
enum GAME_STATUS status;//游戏当前的状态
enum DIRECTION dir;//蛇当前走的方向
}Snake, * pSnake;
源文件
void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{
//创建五个蛇身节点
int i = 0;
pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (cur == NULL)
{
perror("InitSnake(:malloc()");
return;
}
cur->x = POS_X + 2 * i;
cur->y = POS_Y;
cur->next = NULL;
//头插
if (ps->pSnake == NULL)
{
ps->pSnake = cur;
}
else
{
cur->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = cur;
}
}
//打印蛇身
cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
//贪吃蛇的其他信息初始化
ps->dir = RIGHT;
ps->FoodWeight = 10;
ps->pFood = NULL;
ps->Score = 0;
ps->SleeoTime = 200;
ps->status = OK;
}
食物的创建
创建食物需要让食物随机出现
并且还要确定是否和蛇身重叠
并且让食物开辟属于自己的空间
void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
again:
do
{
x = rand() % 53 + 2;
y = rand() % 24 + 1;
} while (x % 2 != 0);
//坐标要和蛇的节点坐标错开,比较
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y)
{
goto again;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
//创建食物
pSnakeNode pFood = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pFood == NULL)
{
perror("CreateFood():malloc()");
return;
}
pFood->x = x;
pFood->y = y;
ps->pFood = pFood;
SetPos(x, y);
wprintf(L"%lc", FOOD);
}
这样的话我们的前期准备工作算是彻底实现了
所以将这一个函数分装起来
然后整理到一块
并定义为游戏的开始
void GameStar(pSnake ps)
{
//设置控制台的信息,窗口大小,窗口名
system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
system("title 贪吃蛇");
//隐藏光标
HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
GetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);
CursorInfo.bVisible = false;
SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);
//打印欢迎信息
WelcomeToGame();
//绘制地图
CreateMap();
//初始化蛇
InitSnake(ps);
//创建食物
CreateFood(ps);
}
5.4打印帮助信息
也就是说我们需要将所有的帮助信息在游戏开始时也打印
void PrintHelpInfo()
{
SetPos(65, 15);
printf("1.不能穿墙,不能咬到自己");
SetPos(65, 16);
printf("用 ↑ ↓ ← →来控制蛇的移动");
SetPos(65, 17);
printf("F3加速,F4减速");
}
void pause()
{
while (1)
{
Sleep(100);
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
break;
}
}
}
5.5判断是否是吃的食物
这里我们需要检测是否是吃的食物
如果吃了那么需要创建新的事物并且释放旧食物的空间
如果没有,那么移动,头插接下来释放尾结点
并将尾结点变成空白格
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pn)
{
pn->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = pn;
//打印蛇身
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf("L%lc", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
ps->Score += ps->FoodWeight;
//释放旧食物,新建新食物
free(ps->pFood);
CreateFood(ps);
}
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pn)
{
//头插
pn->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = pn;
//释放尾节点
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur->next->next != NULL)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
//将尾结点的位置打印成空格或者空白字符
SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
printf(" ");
free(cur->next);
cur->next = NULL;
}
5.6蛇的移动并检测撞墙
检测撞墙那么就需要当蛇身走到相应的墙体位置时
那么久结束游戏
检测撞到自己
则是创建一个空指针
然后让它指向蛇的next
然后检测如果新节点的x和y都是和蛇的重叠
那么就是撞到自己
然后蛇的移动则是创建一个节点
然后设置为空
并且判断是往哪个方向移动
利用switch语句
上下左右判断一下
//检测撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
if (ps->pSnake->x == 0 ||
ps->pSnake->x == 56 ||
ps->pSnake->y == 0 ||
ps->pSnake->y == 26)
{
ps->status = KILL_BY_WALL;
}
}
//撞到自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake->next;
while (cur)
{
if (cur->x == ps->pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->pSnake->y)
{
ps->status = KILL_BY_SELF;
return;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
}
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode pn = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pn == NULL)
{
perror("snakemove():mallco()");
return;
}
pn->next = NULL;
switch (ps->dir)
{
case UP:
pn->x = ps->pSnake->x;
pn->y = ps->pSnake->y - 1;
break;
case DOWN:
pn->x = ps->pSnake->x;
pn->y = ps->pSnake->y + 1;
break;
case LEFT:
pn->x = ps->pSnake->x - 2;
pn->y = ps->pSnake->y;
break;
case RIGHT:
pn->x = ps->pSnake->x + 2;
pn->y = ps->pSnake->y;
break;
}
//下一个坐标处是否是食物?
if (NextIsFood(ps, pn))
{
//是食物就吃掉
EatFood(ps, pn);
}
else
{
//不是就正常走
NotEatFood(ps, pn);
}
//检测撞到自己或者墙
KillByWall(ps);
KillBySelf(ps);
}
5.7 游戏跑起来
将之前的函数整合一下
就可以让游戏跑起来了
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
//打印帮助信息
PrintHelpInfo();
do
{
//当前的分数情况
SetPos(65, 10);
printf("当前的总分:%5d\n", ps->Score);
SetPos(65, 11);
printf("食物的分值:%02d\n", ps->FoodWeight);
//检测按键
//上下左右,ESC ,空格 ,F3, F4
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP)&&ps->dir!=DOWN)
{
ps->dir = UP;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->dir != UP)
{
ps->dir = DOWN;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->dir != RIGHT)
{
ps->dir = LEFT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->dir != LEFT)
{
ps->dir = RIGHT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS((VK_ESCAPE)))
{
ps->status = ESC;
break;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
//游戏暂停
pause();//实现暂停和继续
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3))
{
if (ps->SleeoTime <= 80)
{
ps->SleeoTime -= 30;
ps->FoodWeight += 2;
}
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4))
{
if (ps->FoodWeight >= 2)
{
ps->SleeoTime += 30;
ps->FoodWeight -= 2;
}
}
//睡眠
Sleep(ps->SleeoTime);
//走一步
SnakeMove(ps);//移动函数
} while (ps->status==OK);
}
5.8游戏的维护结尾
当游戏结束后,我们需要根据死亡的情况告知玩家如何死亡的
并在结束后我们需要释放空间资源
释放蛇和食物的空间
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
SetPos(30, 12);
switch (ps->status)
{
case ESC:
printf("正常退出\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_WALL:
printf("很遗憾撞墙,游戏结束");
break;
case KILL_BY_SELF:
printf("很遗憾,撞到自己,游戏结束");
break;
}
//释放资源
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
pSnakeNode del = NULL;
while (cur)
{
del = cur;
cur = cur->next;
free(del);
}
free(ps->pFood);
ps->pFood = NULL;
ps = NULL;
}
6.游戏的代码合集
test源文件
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"snake.h"
void test()
{
//创建贪吃蛇
int ch = 0;
do
{
Snake snake = { 0 };
GameStar(&snake);//游戏开始前的初始化
GameRun(&snake);//游戏过程
GameEnd(&snake);//善后工作
SetPos(20, 15);
printf("再来一局吗?(Y/N):");
ch = getchar();
getchar();//清理\n
} while (ch=='Y'||ch=='y');
}
int main()
{
//修改适配本地中文环境
setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
test();//贪吃蛇游戏的测试
SetPos(0, 28);
return 0;
}
snake源文件
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"snake.h"
void SetPos(int x, int y)
{
//获得设备句柄
HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
//根据句柄设置光标位置
COORD pos = { x,y };
SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, pos);
}
void WelcomeToGame()
{
//定位光标坐标,打印欢迎信息
SetPos(48, 15);
printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏\n");
SetPos(48, 20);
system("pause");
system("cls");
//打印功能介绍信息
SetPos(40, 10);
printf("用↑ ↓ ← →来控制蛇的移动方向,F3是加速,F4是减速\n");
SetPos(40, 11);
printf("加速能获得更高的分数");
SetPos(48, 20);
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void CreateMap()
{
int i = 0;
//上
SetPos(0, 0);
for (i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
{
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//下
SetPos(0, 28);
for (i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
{
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//左
for (i = 1; i <= 28; i++)
{
SetPos(0, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//右
for (i = 1; i <= 28; i++)
{
SetPos(56, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
}
void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{
//创建五个蛇身节点
int i = 0;
pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (cur == NULL)
{
perror("InitSnake(:malloc()");
return;
}
cur->x = POS_X + 2 * i;
cur->y = POS_Y;
cur->next = NULL;
//头插
if (ps->pSnake == NULL)
{
ps->pSnake = cur;
}
else
{
cur->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = cur;
}
}
//打印蛇身
cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
//贪吃蛇的其他信息初始化
ps->dir = RIGHT;
ps->FoodWeight = 10;
ps->pFood = NULL;
ps->Score = 0;
ps->SleeoTime = 200;
ps->status = OK;
}
void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
again:
do
{
x = rand() % 53 + 2;
y = rand() % 24 + 1;
} while (x % 2 != 0);
//坐标要和蛇的节点坐标错开,比较
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y)
{
goto again;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
//创建食物
pSnakeNode pFood = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pFood == NULL)
{
perror("CreateFood():malloc()");
return;
}
pFood->x = x;
pFood->y = y;
ps->pFood = pFood;
SetPos(x, y);
wprintf(L"%lc", FOOD);
}
void GameStar(pSnake ps)
{
//设置控制台的信息,窗口大小,窗口名
system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
system("title 贪吃蛇");
//隐藏光标
HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
GetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);
CursorInfo.bVisible = false;
SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);
//打印欢迎信息
WelcomeToGame();
//绘制地图
CreateMap();
//初始化蛇
InitSnake(ps);
//创建食物
CreateFood(ps);
}
void PrintHelpInfo()
{
SetPos(65, 15);
printf("1.不能穿墙,不能咬到自己");
SetPos(65, 16);
printf("用 ↑ ↓ ← →来控制蛇的移动");
SetPos(65, 17);
printf("F3加速,F4减速");
}
void pause()
{
while (1)
{
Sleep(100);
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
break;
}
}
}
int NextIsFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pn)
{
if (ps->pFood->x == pn->x && ps->pFood->y == pn->y)
{
return 1;
}
else
{
return 0;
}
}
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pn)
{
pn->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = pn;
//打印蛇身
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf("L%lc", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
ps->Score += ps->FoodWeight;
//释放旧食物,新建新食物
free(ps->pFood);
CreateFood(ps);
}
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pn)
{
//头插
pn->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = pn;
//释放尾节点
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur->next->next != NULL)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
//将尾结点的位置打印成空格或者空白字符
SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
printf(" ");
free(cur->next);
cur->next = NULL;
}
//检测撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
if (ps->pSnake->x == 0 ||
ps->pSnake->x == 56 ||
ps->pSnake->y == 0 ||
ps->pSnake->y == 26)
{
ps->status = KILL_BY_WALL;
}
}
//撞到自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake->next;
while (cur)
{
if (cur->x == ps->pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->pSnake->y)
{
ps->status = KILL_BY_SELF;
return;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
}
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode pn = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pn == NULL)
{
perror("snakemove():mallco()");
return;
}
pn->next = NULL;
switch (ps->dir)
{
case UP:
pn->x = ps->pSnake->x;
pn->y = ps->pSnake->y - 1;
break;
case DOWN:
pn->x = ps->pSnake->x;
pn->y = ps->pSnake->y + 1;
break;
case LEFT:
pn->x = ps->pSnake->x - 2;
pn->y = ps->pSnake->y;
break;
case RIGHT:
pn->x = ps->pSnake->x + 2;
pn->y = ps->pSnake->y;
break;
}
//下一个坐标处是否是食物?
if (NextIsFood(ps, pn))
{
//是食物就吃掉
EatFood(ps, pn);
}
else
{
//不是就正常走
NotEatFood(ps, pn);
}
//检测撞到自己或者墙
KillByWall(ps);
KillBySelf(ps);
}
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
//打印帮助信息
PrintHelpInfo();
do
{
//当前的分数情况
SetPos(65, 10);
printf("当前的总分:%5d\n", ps->Score);
SetPos(65, 11);
printf("食物的分值:%02d\n", ps->FoodWeight);
//检测按键
//上下左右,ESC ,空格 ,F3, F4
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP)&&ps->dir!=DOWN)
{
ps->dir = UP;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->dir != UP)
{
ps->dir = DOWN;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->dir != RIGHT)
{
ps->dir = LEFT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->dir != LEFT)
{
ps->dir = RIGHT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS((VK_ESCAPE)))
{
ps->status = ESC;
break;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
//游戏暂停
pause();//实现暂停和继续
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3))
{
if (ps->SleeoTime <= 80)
{
ps->SleeoTime -= 30;
ps->FoodWeight += 2;
}
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4))
{
if (ps->FoodWeight >= 2)
{
ps->SleeoTime += 30;
ps->FoodWeight -= 2;
}
}
//睡眠
Sleep(ps->SleeoTime);
//走一步
SnakeMove(ps);//移动函数
} while (ps->status==OK);
}
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
SetPos(30, 12);
switch (ps->status)
{
case ESC:
printf("正常退出\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_WALL:
printf("很遗憾撞墙,游戏结束");
break;
case KILL_BY_SELF:
printf("很遗憾,撞到自己,游戏结束");
break;
}
//释放资源
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
pSnakeNode del = NULL;
while (cur)
{
del = cur;
cur = cur->next;
free(del);
}
free(ps->pFood);
ps->pFood = NULL;
ps = NULL;
}
snake头文件
#pragma once
#include<locale.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<Windows.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
#define WALL L'□'
#define BODY L'●'
#define FOOD L'★'
//蛇的默认起始坐标
#define POS_X 24
#define POS_Y 5
#define KEY_PRESS(VK) ( (GetAsyncKeyState(VK) & 0x1) ? 1 : 0 )
//定位光标位置
void SetPos(int x, int y);
//游戏的状态
enum GAME_STATUS
{
OK = 1,
ESC,
KILL_BY_WALL,
KILL_BY_SELF
};
enum DIRECTION
{
UP = 1,
DOWN,
LEFT,
RIGHT
};
//贪吃蛇蛇身节点的定义
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
int x;
int y;
struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode, * pSnakeNode;
//贪吃蛇游戏的维护
typedef struct Snake
{
pSnakeNode pSnake;//维护蛇的指针
pSnakeNode pFood;//指向食物的指针
int Score;//当前累计分数
int FoodWeight;//一个食物的分数
int SleeoTime;//舍得休眠时间,时间短则速度快
enum GAME_STATUS status;//游戏当前的状态
enum DIRECTION dir;//蛇当前走的方向
}Snake, * pSnake;
//游戏开始前的准备
void GameStar(pSnake ps);
//打印欢迎界面
void WelcomeToGame();
//绘制地图
void CreateMap();
//初始化贪吃蛇
void InitSnake(pSnake ps);
//创建食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps);
//游戏运行的整个逻辑
void GameRun(pSnake ps);
//打印帮助信息
void PrintHelpInfo();
//判断蛇头的下一步要走的位置节点处是否是食物
int NextIsFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pn);
//下一步要走的位置处是食物
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pn);
//不是食物,则需要出现食物
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pn);
//检测撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps);
//检测撞自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps);
//游戏结束的善后工作
void GameEnd(pSnake ps);