Python最美数据可视化折线图

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于 2024-07-21 18:30:00 发布

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文章标签：信息可视化数据分析 python 数据挖掘目标检测 pyqt scikit-learn

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2301_80410418/article/details/140587553

版权

展现多个系列的数据,一般习惯使用柱状图或折线图.本文使用个人比较喜爱的Pyecharts库,绘制呈现多个系列数据的普通折现图(line chart)、堆叠图(stack chart)、面积堆叠图(stack area chart).

环境准备

首先安装Pyecharts,我使用的是最新版本:1.9.1,团队介绍会在明年发布2.0版本.

其次,导入以下模块:

import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Line
from pyecharts.commons.utils import JsCode

options和Line都比较常见,JsCode是Pyecharts直接与echarts转化的中间对象,我比较常用它来创建颜色渐变的效果,让图形更富有表现力.

数据

为了书写方便,数据选取尽量简单,如下一个x轴,三个系列:

x_data = ["周一", "周二", "周三", "周四", "周五", "周六", "周日"]
y_data1 = [140, 232, 101, 264, 90, 340, 250]
y_data2 = [120, 282, 111, 234, 220, 340, 310]
y_data3 = [320, 132, 201, 334, 190, 130, 220]

普通折现图

我们先来看看绘制结果,如下所示,线条堆叠现象严重,不够清晰.

普通折线图

堆叠折线图

为了解决线条堆叠问题,就有了堆叠折线图,有意思的是,堆叠折线图并不堆叠.

如下所示,三个系列折线图完全被分离开:

堆叠折线图

上面折线图,点与点之间的过渡是通过线段连接,其实还可以通过平滑的曲线过渡.

这在Pyecharts中,只需设置is_smooth参数为True就行:

.add_yaxis(
        y_axis=y_data1,
        is_smooth=True
        )

这样就绘制出了平滑过渡的折线图:

平滑过渡的折线图

面积堆叠图

先看下我绘制的面积堆叠图,可以看到它与上面平滑过渡的折线图的相比,填充了颜色,一下就能吸引我们的眼球.

面积堆叠图

这是怎么做到的？其实,相比于折线图,它只是配置上了areastyle_opts,非常方便！

areastyle_opts=opts.AreaStyleOpts(opacity=1)

当然,上面填充的颜色没有渐变效果,要想添加也非常简单.

通过上面说到的JsCode,很容易添加上,并且代码基本是固定的,复用性强.

最终实现的颜色渐变效果如下:

面积堆叠图

完整代码

Pyecharts绘制

下面是完整代码

# encoding: utf-8

"""

@file: area_graph.py

@desc:

@author: zhenguo

@time: 2021/12/12

"""

import pyecharts.options as opts

from pyecharts.charts import Line

from pyecharts.commons.utils import JsCode



x_data = ["周一", "周二", "周三", "周四", "周五", "周六", "周日"]

y_data1 = [140, 232, 101, 264, 90, 340, 250]

y_data2 = [120, 282, 111, 234, 220, 340, 310]

y_data3 = [320, 132, 201, 334, 190, 130, 220]



(

    Line()

        .add_xaxis(xaxis_data=x_data)

        .add_yaxis(

        series_name="品类 1",

        color='#80FFA5',

        y_axis=y_data1,

        is_smooth=True,

        stack='总量',

        is_symbol_show=False,

        label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),

        linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(width=0),

        areastyle_opts=opts.AreaStyleOpts(opacity=1,

                                          color=JsCode(

                                              """new echarts.graphic.LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 1, [

                                              {

                                                offset: 0,

                                                color: 'rgba(128, 255, 165)'

                                              },

                                              {

                                                offset: 1,

                                                color: 'rgba(1, 191, 236)'

                                              }

                                            ])"""

                                          )

                                          ),

    ).add_yaxis(

        series_name="品类 2",

        color='#00DDFF',

        y_axis=y_data2,

        is_smooth=True,

        stack='总量',

        is_symbol_show=False,

        label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),

        linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(width=0),

        areastyle_opts=opts.AreaStyleOpts(opacity=1,

                                          color=JsCode(

                                              """new echarts.graphic.LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 1, [

                                              {

                                                offset: 0,

                                                color: 'rgba(0, 221, 255)'

                                              },

                                              {

                                                offset: 1,

                                                color: 'rgba(77, 119, 255)'

                                              }

                                            ])"""

                                          )

                                          ),

    ).add_yaxis(

        series_name="品类 3",

        color='#37A2FF',

        y_axis=y_data3,

        is_smooth=True,

        stack='总量',

        is_symbol_show=False,

        label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False, position="top"),

        linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(width=0),

        areastyle_opts=opts.AreaStyleOpts(opacity=1,

                                          color=JsCode(

                                              """new echarts.graphic.LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 1, [

                                              {

                                                offset: 0,

                                                color: 'rgba(55, 162, 255)'

                                              },

                                              {

                                                offset: 1,

                                                color: 'rgba(116, 21, 219)'

                                              }

                                            ])"""

                                          )

                                          ),

    ).set_global_opts(

        tooltip_opts=opts.TooltipOpts(is_show=True,

                                      trigger='axis',

                                      axis_pointer_type='cross'),

        yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(type_="value", name="销量"),

        xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(boundary_gap=False, type_="category"),

    )

        .render("stacked_area_chart.html")

)

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