思路:
- 使用Selenium库把带有验证码的页面截取下来
- 利用验证码的xpath截取该页面的验证码
- 对验证码图片进行降噪、二值化、灰度化处理后再使用pytesser识别
- 使用固定的账户密码对比验证码正确或错误的关键字判断识别率
1. 截取验证码
def cutcode(url,brower,vcodeimgxpath): #裁剪验证码
picName = url.replace(url,"capture.png") #改为.png后缀保存图片
brower.get(url)
brower.maximize_window() #放大
brower.save_screenshot(picName) #截取网页
imgelement = brower.find_element_by_xpath(vcodeimgxpath) # 通过xpath定位验证码
location = imgelement.location # 获取验证码的x,y轴
size = imgelement.size # 获取验证码的长宽
rangle = (int(location['x']), \
int(location['y']), \
int(location['x'] + size['width']), \
int(location['y'] + size['height'])) # 写成我们需要截取的位置坐标
i = Image.open(os.getcwd()+r'\capture.png') # 打开截图
verifycodeimage = i.crop(rangle) # 使用Image的crop函数,从截图中再次截取我们需要的区域
verifycodeimage.save(os.getcwd()+r'\verifycodeimage.png')
return brower
2. 对验证码图片进行降噪、二值化、灰度化处理并识别
def initTable(threshold=140): #降噪,图片二值化
table = []
for i in range(256):
if i < threshold:
table.append(0)
else:
table.append(1)
return table
def recode():
image=Image.open(os.getcwd()+r'\verifycodeimage.png')
image = image.convert('L') #彩色图转换为灰度图
binaryImage = image.point(initTable(), '1') #将灰度图二值化
time.sleep(1)
vcode=image_to_string(binaryImage) #使用image_to_string识别验证码
vcode = vcode.strip()
return vcode
3. 通过点击登录按钮返回的信息判断验证码是否识别正确
def login(vcode,brower,usernamexpath,passwordxpath,vcodexpath,submitxpath,username,password):
brower.find_element_by_xpath(usernamexpath).send_keys(username)
brower.find_element_by_xpath(passwordxpath).send_keys(password)
# 对文本框输入验证码值
brower.find_element_by_xpath(vcodexpath).send_keys(vcode)
time.sleep(1)
# 点击登录,sleep防止没输入就点击了登录
brower.find_element_by_xpath(submitxpath).click()
# 等待页面加载出来
time.sleep(1)
result = brower.page_source #获取页面的html
return result
4. 接收识别验证码需要的参数,循环识别验证码
def main():
file_path = raw_input("param.txt path:")
username = raw_input("username(default 'admin'):")
password = raw_input("password(default '123456'):")
codeerror = raw_input("vcode error key word in html(default '验证码错误'):")
passerror = raw_input("vcode pass key word in html(default '密码错误'):")
frequency = raw_input("How many time(default '100'):")
vcodelen = raw_input("How many characters(default '4'):")
remod = raw_input("choose remod(default:en+num,1:num,2:en):")
starttime = datetime.datetime.now()
txt = open(file_path) #txt中需要的参数:url usernamexpath passwordxpath vcode_input_xpath vcode_image_xpath submit_xpath
lines = txt.readlines()
url = lines[0].split("=",1)[1]
usernamexpath = lines[1].split("=",1)[1]
passwordxpath = lines[2].split("=",1)[1]
vcodexpath = lines[3].split("=",1)[1]
vcodeimgxpath = lines[4].split("=",1)[1]
submitxpath = lines[5].split("=",1)[1]
brower = webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_path=r'D:\Python27\PY\phantomjs-2.1.1-windows\bin\phantomjs.exe') #打开phantomjs.exe
if username == '':
username = "admin"
if password == '':
password = '123456'
if codeerror == '':
codeerror = u"验证码错误" #验证码错误时的关键字
else:
codeerror = codeerror.decode(sys.stdin.encoding) #识别为Unicode自动转换
if passerror == '':
passerror = u"密码错误" #验证码正确时的关键字
else:
passerror = passerror.decode(sys.stdin.encoding) #识别为Unicode自动转换
if vcodelen == '':
vcodelen = 4
else:
vcodelen = int(vcodelen)
if remod == '1':
remod = '^[0-9]+$'
elif remod == '2':
remod = '^[A-Za-z]+$'
else:
remod = '^[A-Za-z0-9]+$'
counterror = 0
countture = 0
if frequency == '':
frequency = 100
else:
frequency = int(frequency)
a = 0
while a < frequency:
brower = cutcode(url,brower,vcodeimgxpath)
vcode = recode()
if len(vcode) != vcodelen: #识别到的验证码长度不为4直接重新循环
continue
if re.match(remod,vcode): #判断识别到的验证码是否只有字母加数字
result = login(vcode,brower,usernamexpath,passwordxpath,vcodexpath,submitxpath,username,password)
if codeerror in result:
print "[-]验证码错误"+vcode
counterror += 1
elif passerror in result:
print "[+]验证码正确"+vcode
countture += 1
else:
continue
else:
continue
a += 1
os.remove(os.getcwd()+r'\verifycodeimage.png')
os.remove(os.getcwd()+r'\capture.png')
brower.close() #关闭浏览器
#把数字转换为str再print
rat = str('%.3f%%' % (countture/frequency*100))
countture = bytes(countture)
counterror = bytes(counterror)
endtime = datetime.datetime.now()
runtime = str((endtime-starttime).seconds/3600*60)
print "[+]验证码正确次数:"+countture
print "[-]验证码错误次数:"+counterror
print "[+]识别率:"+rat
print "运行时间:"+runtime+"min"
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
这种方法识别验证码的效率比较低,但是因为写这个代码要识别的网站的验证码url打开时空白、空白的!然后想到这种方法虽然是效率比较低,但是适用性还是较广的,毕竟可以模拟人为操作浏览器。
然后有个缺点就是识别全数字的验证码正确率奇低==因为处理完验证码图片后数字就会变得有缺失==
如果说运行的过程中xpath的value出现问题了,有可能是网页还没加载出来就已经被截图了(xpath直接在网页上右键检查元素,然后再那个html代码里右键复制xpath就好了)
param.txt的demo(=与路径中间不要有空格!!):
url =
username_xpath =//*[@id="txtUserName"]
password_xpath =//*[@id="txtPassword"]
vcode_input_xpath =//*[@id="txtValCode"]
vcode_image_xpath =//*[@id="imgVerify"]
submit_xpath =//*[@id="Button1"]