Java实验 实验五-2

实践五.2   子类与继承

1. 对象的上转型对象。
   class A {
   int a = 1, c = 9;
   void showa() {
   System.out.println("In A:a=" + a);
   }
   void showc() {
   System.out.println("In A:c=" + c);
   }
   }
   class B extends A {
   int a = 2, b = 4;
   void showa() {
   System.out.println("In B:a=" + a);
   }
   void showb() {
   System.out.println("In B:b=" + b);
   }
   }
   public class test {
   public static void main(String args[]) {
   A b=new B();
   b.showa();
   b.showc();
   System.out.println(b.a);
   System.out.println(b.c);
   //b.showb();
   //System.out.println(b.b);
   }
   }
   总结：通过上转型对象b可以访问的是（A B D      ）。
   A.父类成员变量    B.父类中的未被子类重写的方法    C.子类中成员变量  
   D.子类中重写的方法   E.子类中新增的方法   F.父类中的被子类重写的方法

运行结果：

In B:a=2

In A:c=9

1

9
2.对象的上转型对象应用。
import java.util.Scanner;

class Animal{

        String name;

        int age;

        //定义无参构造方法，输出I am ananimal.

        public Animal(){

            System.out.println("I am ananimal.");

        }

        Animal(String name,int age)

        {//定义构造方法，给成员变量赋值,并输出My name is:XXX. I'm X-year old.

        this.name=name;this.age=age;

        System.out.println("My name is:"+name+". I'm "+age+"-year old.");

        }

        void ability(){

        System.out.println("I can eat and move.");

        }

        }

 class Bird extends Animal{

        public Bird(String name, int age) {

                 super(name, age);

                }

         void ability(){

                super.ability();

                 System.out.println("I can fly.");

         }

   }

//定义Animal的子类Bird，调用父类构造方法给成员变量赋值，覆盖ability方法，

//在其中调用父类该方法，并输出:I can fly.

        //定义Animal的子类Fish，调用父类构造方法给成员变量赋值，覆盖ability方法，

//在其中调用父类该方法，并输出:I can swim.

 class Fish extends Animal{

        public Fish(String name, int age) {

                super(name, age);

               }

        void ability(){

                super.ability();

                System.out.println("I can swim.");

        }

   }

        public class test {

public static void main(String[] args){

        Scanner r=new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("1-Bird 2-Fish other number-other animal:");

        System.out.println("Please input an animal you like best:");

        int t=r.nextInt();

        if(t==1) show(new Bird("Bird Koko",2));

        else if(t==2) show(new Fish("Fish Jony",3));

        else show(new Animal());

        }

static void show(Animal like){

        like.ability();

        }

        }

运行结果:

1-Bird 2-Fish other number-other animal:

Please input an animal you like best:

1

My name is:Bird Koko. I'm 2-year old.

I can eat and move.

I can fly.

3.抽象类与抽象方法
abstract class A {

    abstract  int sum(int x,int y) ;//声明抽象求和方法

    int sub(int x,int y){

        return x-y;

    }//求差方法

}

class B extends A { //子类必须重写父类的抽象方法

    int sum(int x,int y) {

        return x+y;

    }//调用求和方法

}

public class text {

    public static void main(String args[]) {

        A b=new B();

        int sum=b.sum(5,9);   //调用求和方法

        int sub=b.sub(7,4);     //调用相减方法

        System.out.println("sum="+sum);

        System.out.println("sum="+sub);

    }}

运行结果：

sum=14

sum=3
4. 定义形状抽象类 Shape 并派生出Circle和Rectangle类。

  abstract class Shape

{   protected String name;

    public Shape(String xm)

    {    name=xm;    System.out.print("名称："+name);  }

    abstract public double getArea();

    abstract public double getLength();

}

class Circle extends Shape

{  private final double PI=3.14;

    private double radius;

    public Circle(String Name,double r)

    {    super(Name);    radius=r;    }

    public double getArea()

    {    return PI*radius*radius;     }

    public double getLength()

    {    return 2*PI*radius;    }

}

class Rectangle extends Shape

{  private final double PI=3.14;

    private double x,y;

    public Rectangle(String xm, double x, double y) {

        super(xm);

        this.x = x;

        this.y = y;

    }

    public double getArea()

    {    return x*y;     }

    public double getLength()

    {    return 2*(x+y);    }

};   //定义长方形Rectangle类继承Shape类

public class test

{  public static void main(String[] args)

{    Shape shape =new Rectangle( "长方形",6.5,10.3 );

    System.out.print("; 面积="+shape.getArea() );

    System.out.println("; 周长="+shape.getLength() );

    shape=new Circle("圆",10.2);

    System.out.print( "; 面积="+shape.getArea() );

    System.out.println( "; 周长="+shape.getLength() );

}}

运行结果：

名称：长方形; 面积=66.95; 周长=33.6

名称：圆; 面积=326.68559999999997; 周长=64.056