HCIA静态路由综合实验

本文详细描述了一个关于路由器实验的过程,包括搭建网络拓扑、配置接口地址、DHCP服务、创建IP池、设置静态路由以优化路由表并避免环路,以及使用ACL和优先级调整确保特定连接的性能。
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一:实验要求

 二:实验步骤

1.搭建拓扑

2.划分好地址之后我们对各个路由器,网段配 地址

R1

环回地址  
[r1]interface LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[r1-LoopBack0]q
[r1]interface LoopBack 1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28
[r1-LoopBack1]q

接口IP

[r1]interface g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30
Jan 21 2024 22:24:39-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r1]interface g 0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30
Jan 21 2024 22:25:18-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
 

R2

环回地址

[r2]interface LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28
[r2-LoopBack0]q
[r2]interface LoopBack 1
[r2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[r2-LoopBack1]q

接口地址

[r2]interface g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30
Jan 21 2024 22:26:49-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r2]interface g 0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Jan 21 2024 22:27:11-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
 

R3

 接口地址

[r3]interface g 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30
Jan 21 2024 22:32:22-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r3]interface g 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add    
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
Jan 21 2024 22:32:43-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[4]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

R4

环回地址

[r4]interface LoopBack 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[r4-LoopBack0]q
[r4]interface LoopBack 1
[r4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28
[r4-LoopBack1]q

接口地址
[r4]interface g 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.6 30
Jan 21 2024 22:28:39-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q   
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30
Jan 21 2024 22:28:59-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r4]interface g 0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Jan 21 2024 22:29:33-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[r4]interface e 3/0/0
[r4-Ethernet3/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30
[r4-Ethernet3/0/0]
Jan 21 2024 22:30:05-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[4]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Ethernet3/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-Ethernet3/0/0]q

R5

环回地址

 [r5]interface LoopBack 0  
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 12.12.12.12 24
[r5-LoopBack0]q

接口地址

[r5]interface g 0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30
Jan 21 2024 22:34:32-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r5]interface g 0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30
Jan 21 2024 22:34:53-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

[r5]interface g 0/0/2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.25 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Jan 21 2024 22:39:01-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
 

R6

环回地址

[r6]interface LoopBack 0 
[r6-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 24
[r6-LoopBack0]q

接口地址

[r6]interface g 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add    
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.26 30
Jan 21 2024 22:40:02-08:00 r6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
 

3.R3下的两台PC通过DHCP自动获取IP

 该接口端口网段IP

[r3]interface g 0/0/2
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add    
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.100 27
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

建立IP池塘

[r3]dhcp enable 
[r3]ip pool 1
Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[r3-ip-pool-1]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27
[r3-ip-pool-1]gateway-list 192.168.1.97
[r3-ip-pool-1]q
[r3]interface g 0/0/2  
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global 

查看PC地址

4.选路佳,路由表尽量少,避免环路

静态路由

R1

 [r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10 
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2    
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.24 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.24 30 192.168.1.10
 

R2

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1  
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6   
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.1  
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6    
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6    
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.24 30 192.168.1.6

R3

 [r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9 
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9   
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14    
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14   
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.24 30 192.168.1.14

R4

R5

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

R6

[r6]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.25
[r6]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.25 
[r6]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.25
[r6]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.25
[r6]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.25
[r6]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.25
[r6]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.25
[r6]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.25
[r6]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.25
[r6]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.25

避免环路 (做个空接口)

R1

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

R2

[r2]IP route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

R3

[r3]IP route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0 

R4

[r4]IP route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

R5

[r5]IP route-static 192.168.1.16 30 NULL 0

5.R1-R5均可以访问R6环回(写缺省)

R1

[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.10

R2

[r2]IP route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0  192.168.1.6 

R3

[r3]IP route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.14 

 R4

[r4]IP route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.18

R5

[r5]IP route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.26 

 R1pingR6

6.R4与R5 正常走1000M链路.故障时走100链路(改优先级)

R4

[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.22 pre 61

R5

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 pre 61
 

我们先把R4的0/0/2 接口shutdown

接下来查看 

7.R6telnetR5的公有IP地址时,实际登陆到R1上 

在R5上设置ACL和登录设置的秘钥

[r5]aaa     
[r5-aaa]local-user taoshaui privilege level 15 password cipher 123456
[r5-aaa]q
 

[r5]user-bind
[r5]user-group
[r5]user-interface vty 0 4
[r5-ui-vty0-4]au    
[r5-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa
[r5-ui-vty0-4]q 

 

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