HCIP实验-路由策略

实验拓扑图：

实验要求：

1.如图搭建网络拓扑，所有路由器各自创建一个环回接 口，合理规划IP地址
2.R1-R2-R3-R4-R6之间使用OSPF协议，R4-R5-R6之间使用 RIP协议
3.R1环回重发布方式引入OSPF网络
4.R4/R6上进行双点双向重发布
5.分析网络中出现路由环路的原因
6.路由优化

实验过程：

1.IP地址规划：

由于未作要求，自由分配，如图：

2.基础配置：

R1:

[Huawei]int l0

[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24

[Huawei-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1 30

R2:

[Huawei]int l0

[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 24

[Huawei-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 30

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.1.1.1 30

R3:

[Huawei]int l0

[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 24

[Huawei-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 23.1.1.2 30

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 34.1.1.1 30

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 35.1.1.1 30

R4:

[Huawei]int l0

[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24

[Huawei-LoopBack0]int  g0/0/0

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.2 30

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 46.1.1.1 30

R5:

[Huawei]int l0

[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24

[Huawei-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 56.1.1.1 30

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 35.1.1.2 30

R6:

[Huawei]int l0

[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 6.6.6.6 24

[Huawei-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 46.1.1.2 30

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 56.1.1.2 30

3.按要求启动协议

R1:

[Huawei]ospf

[Huawei-ospf-1]area 0

[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

R2:

[Huawei]ospf

[Huawei-ospf-1]area 0

[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0

[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0

R3:

[Huawei]ospf

[Huawei-ospf-1]area 0

[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0

[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 35.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0

R4:

[Huawei]rip

[Huawei-rip-1]version 2

[Huawei-rip-1]network 46.0.0.0

[Huawei-rip-1]q

[Huawei]ospf

[Huawei-ospf-1]area 0

[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0

[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.2 0.0.0.0

R5:

[Huawei]rip

[Huawei-rip-1]version 2

[Huawei-rip-1]network 56.0.0.0

[Huawei-rip-1]q

[Huawei]ospf

[Huawei-ospf-1]area 0

[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0

[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 35.1.1.2 0.0.0.0

R6:

[Huawei]rip

[Huawei-rip-1]version 2

[Huawei-rip-1]network 6.0.0.0

[Huawei-rip-1]network 46.0.0.0

[Huawei-rip-1]network 56.0.0.0

4.按要求顺序做重发布

R1：

[Huawei]ospf

[Huawei-ospf-1]import-route direct

R4：

[Huawei]ospf

[Huawei-ospf-1]import-route rip

[Huawei-ospf-1]q

[Huawei]rip

[Huawei-rip-1]import-route ospf

R6：

[Huawei]ospf

[Huawei-ospf-1]import-route rip

[Huawei-ospf-1]q

[Huawei]rip

[Huawei-rip-1]import-route ospf

此时发现出环，如图：

出环原因分析：由于R4先做重发布，导致R1上的接口路由又传到R6，因为优先级的原因R6选择相信从R5传来的路由，此时在R6上做完重发布后又会将这条路由返回给ospf区域，造成路由回馈，从而出现环路；

解决方法：

R4:

[Huawei]ip ip-prefix a permit 1.1.1.1 24

[Huawei]route-policy aa permit node 10

[Huawei-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix a

[Huawei-route-policy]apply preference 151

[Huawei-route-policy]q

[Huawei]rip

[Huawei-rip-1]preference route-policy aa

R6:

[Huawei]ip ip-prefix a permit 1.1.1.1 24

[Huawei]route-policy aa permit node 10

[Huawei-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix a

[Huawei-route-policy]apply preference 151

[Huawei-route-policy]q

[Huawei]rip

[Huawei-rip-1]preference route-policy aa

全做是为了防止另一端由于外部因素也出现这种情况；

此时环路解决，如图：

5.路由优化

R4:

[Huawei]ip ip-prefix b permit 35.1.1.0 30

[Huawei]ip ip-prefix b permit 5.5.5.5 24

[Huawei]route-policy bb permit node 10

[Huawei-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix b

[Huawei-route-policy]apply cost 3

[Huawei-route-policy]q

[Huawei]route-policy bb permit node 20

[Huawei-route-policy]q

[Huawei]rip

[Huawei-rip-1]import-route ospf route-policy bb

[Huawei]ip ip-prefix c permit 46.1.1.0 30

[Huawei]route-policy cc permit node 10

[Huawei-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix c

[Huawei-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1

[Huawei-route-policy]q

[Huawei]route-policy cc permit node 20

[Huawei-route-policy]q

[Huawei]ospf

[Huawei-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy cc

R5:

[Huawei]ip ip-prefix b permit 4.4.4.4 24

[Huawei]ip ip-prefix b permit 34.1.1.0 30

[Huawei]route-policy bb permit node 10

[Huawei-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix b

[Huawei-route-policy]apply cost 3

[Huawei-route-policy]q

[Huawei]route-policy bb permit node 20

[Huawei-route-policy]q

[Huawei]rip

[Huawei-rip-1]import-route ospf route-policy bb

[Huawei]ip ip-prefix c permit 56.1.1.0 30

[Huawei]route-policy cc permit node 10

[Huawei-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix c

[Huawei-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1

[Huawei-route-policy]q

[Huawei]route-policy cc permit node 20

[Huawei-route-policy]q

[Huawei]ospf

[Huawei-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy cc

此时选路达到最佳，如图：