前言
本项目中只包含简单的增、删、改、查及插入、排序等基础功能，适合有一定编辑语言基础的同学，本文中出现的代码都为基础的知识，由于是本人临时编写，其中有一定的错误的个人理解及代码，若有问题，请指正。本人发布该博客的意图在于基础的学习交流，希望该文章能够以一种交流工具的形式存在。☆*: .｡. o(≧▽≦)o .｡.:*☆ ☆*: .｡. o(≧▽≦)o .｡.:*☆ ╰(*°▽°*)╯ ╰(*°▽°*)╯
类的创建
在这个示例中，我们首先创建了一个名为 Book_List 的类，它具有一个动态分配的数组和一个表示数组大小的变量。
//书本类
class Books
{
public:
int IBSN;//书籍编号
string Title;//书名
string Author;//作者
float Price;//价格
};
//书的数组类
class Book_List
{
public:
int size = 10;//动态数组初始大小
Books* book_list = new Books[size];//用指针指向动态分配的书本数组
int List_Size;//数组中数据个数
};数组初始化
void Init_List(Book_List* L)
{
L->List_Size = 0;//初始化数组的数据长度
}增
void Add_List(Book_List* L , Books B)
{
while (1)
{
if (L->List_Size < L->size)//当数组容量未满时，进行数据添加
{
cout << "请输入你想要添加的图书信息（IBSN、书名、作者、价格）：" << endl;
cin >> B.IBSN >> B.Title >> B.Author >> B.Price;
L->book_list[L->List_Size] = B;//插入数据
L->List_Size++;//更新数组中数据量
cout << "添加书籍成功！" << endl;
return;
}
while (1)//当数组空间满时，进入选择扩容的循环
{
cout << "该图书系统书库已满，是否增大书库库存？"
<< "1.是"
<< "2.否"
<< "请输入你的选择：";
int choice;
cin >> choice;
if (choice == 1)
{
int temp = L->size + 1;
Books* New_list = new Books[temp];//创建一个数据容量大于原数组的数组
for (int i = 0; i < L->size; i++)
{
New_list[i] = L->book_list[i];//将原数组数据存入新数组
}
delete[] L->book_list;//清空原数组
L->book_list = New_list;//将新数组赋予原数组
L->size = temp;//更新数组容量
cout << "扩容成功！" << endl;
break;//跳出while循环，进行数据添加
}
else if (choice == 2)
{
return;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确的选项！" << endl;
}
}
}
}删
void Delete_List(Book_List* L, Books B)
{
while (1)
{
cout << "请输入你要删除的图书的ISBN：" << endl;
int delete_ISBN;
cin >> delete_ISBN;
int temp = 0;//定义一个判断是否删除的变量
for (int i = 0; i < L->size; i++)
{
if (L->book_list[i].IBSN == delete_ISBN)//遍历查找
{
for (int j = i; j < L->size; j++)//使删除项开始的所有数据前移
{
L->book_list[j] = L->book_list[j + 1];
}
L->List_Size--;//更新数组数据量
cout << "删除成功！" << endl;
temp = 1;//表已删除
break;//跳出while
}
}
if (temp == 0)//未删除时输出
{
cout << "未在书库中找到要删除的图书!" << endl;
}
while (1)//判断是否继续运行该功能
{
cout << "是否继续删除？"
<< "1.是"
<< "2.否"
<< "请输入你的选项：" << endl;
int choice;
cin >> choice;
if (choice == 1)
{
break;
}
else if (choice == 2)
{
return;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确的选项！" << endl;
}
}
}
}改
void Change_List(Book_List* L, Books B)
{
while (1)
{
cout << "请输入你想要修改的图书的ISBN：" << endl;
int change_ISBN;
cin >> change_ISBN;
int temp = 0;//定义一个判断是否修改的变量
for (int i = 0; i < L->size; i++)
{
if (L->book_list[i].IBSN == change_ISBN)//遍历查找
{
while (1)//选择单项修改
{
cout << "已经找到该书籍，请选择你要修改的内容："
<< "1.书名"
<< "2.作者"
<< "3.价格"
<< "请输入你的选项:" << endl;
int choice_change;
cin >> choice_change;
if (choice_change == 1)
{
cout << "请输入要修改的书名：";
string change_title;
cin >> change_title;
L->book_list[i].Title = change_title;
break;
}
else if (choice_change == 2)
{
cout << "请输入要修改的作者名：";
string change_author;
cin >> change_author;
L->book_list[i].Author = change_author;
break;
}
else if (choice_change == 3)
{
cout << "请输入要修改的价格：";
float change_price;
cin >> change_price;
L->book_list[i].Price = change_price;
break;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确选项！" << endl;
}
}
temp = 1;//表已修改
cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
break;
}
}
if (temp == 0)//未修改时输出
{
cout << "未在书库中找到要删除的图书!" << endl;
}
while (1)//选择是否继续该功能
{
cout << "是否继续修改？"
<< "1.是"
<< "2.否"
<< "请输入你的选项：" << endl;
int choice_continue;
cin >> choice_continue;
if (choice_continue == 1)
{
break;
}
else if (choice_continue == 2)
{
return;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确选项！" << endl;
}
}
}
}查
这里使用了效率低，但更基础的冒泡排序
void Find_List(Book_List* L, Books B)
{
while (1)
{
while (1)//进入选择查询方式的循环
{
cout << "请输入查找图书的方式："
<< "1.ISBN"
<< "2.书名"
<< "请输入你的选项：" << endl;
int choice_find;
cin >> choice_find;
int temp = 0;//定义一个判断是否查询到的变量
if (choice_find == 1)
{
cout << "请输入你要查找的图书的ISBN：";
int find_ISBN;
cin >> find_ISBN;
for (int i = 0; i < L->size; i++)
{
if (L->book_list[i].IBSN == find_ISBN)//遍历查找并输出其信息
{
cout << "已找到该书，其信息如下："
<< L->book_list[i].IBSN << L->book_list[i].Title << L->book_list[i].Author << L->book_list[i].Price;
temp = 1;//表已查询
break;
}
}
if (temp == 0)
{
cout << "未在书库中找到要删除的图书!" << endl;
}
break;
}
else if (choice_find == 2)
{
cout << "请输入你要查找的图书的书名：";
string find_title;
cin >> find_title;
for (int j = 0; j < L->size; j++)
{
if (L->book_list[j].Title == find_title)
{
cout << "已找到该书，其信息如下："
<< L->book_list[j].IBSN << L->book_list[j].Title << L->book_list[j].Author << L->book_list[j].Price;
temp = 1;
break;
}
}
if (temp == 0)
{
cout << "未在书库中找到要删除的图书!" << endl;
}
break;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确选项！" << endl;
}
}
while (1)//选择是否继续该功能
{
cout << "是否继续查找？"
<< "1.是"
<< "2.否"
<< "请输入你的选项：" << endl;
int choice_continue;
cin >> choice_continue;
if (choice_continue == 1)
{
break;
}
else if (choice_continue == 2)
{
return;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确选项！" << endl;
}
}
}
}插入
void Insert_List(Book_List* L, Books B)
{
while (1)
{
while (1)//判断数组容量是否为满
{
int temp = 0;//定义一个判断是否插入的变量
if (L->List_Size < L->size)//判断数组容量是否为满
{
while (1)
{
cout << "请输入要插入的位置：" << endl;
int location;
cin >> location;
if (location > 0 && location < L->size + 1)//判断插入位置是否合法
{
cout << "请输入要插入的书籍信息（IBSN、书名、作者、价格）：" << endl;
cin >> B.IBSN >> B.Title >> B.Author >> B.Price;
if (location > L->List_Size)//在已有数据后插入时
{
L->book_list[location - 1] = B;//直接插入
L->List_Size++;//更新数组数据量
temp = 1;//表已插入
break;
}
else//在已有数据间插入时
{
for (int i = L->List_Size; i > location; i--)
{
L->book_list[i] = L->book_list[i - 1];//从插入项开始数据后移
}
L->book_list[location - 1] = B;
L->List_Size++;
temp = 1;
break;
}
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确的插入位置" << endl;
}
}
}
if (temp == 1)//已插入时跳出循环
{
break;
}
while (1)
{
cout << "该图书系统书库已满，是否增大书库库存？"
<< "1.是"
<< "2.否"
<< "请输入你的选择：";
int choice;
cin >> choice;
if (choice == 1)
{
int temp = L->size + 1;
Books* New_list = new Books[temp];
for (int i = 0; i < L->size; i++)
{
New_list[i] = L->book_list[i];
}
delete[] L->book_list;
L->book_list = New_list;
L->size = temp;
cout << "扩容成功！" << endl;
break;
}
else if (choice == 2)
{
return;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确的选项！" << endl;
}
}
}
cout << "插入成功！" << endl;
while (1)
{
cout << "是否继续插入？"
<< "1.是"
<< "2.否"
<< "请输入你的选项：" << endl;
int choice_continue;
cin >> choice_continue;
if (choice_continue == 1)
{
break;
}
else if (choice_continue == 2)
{
return;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确选项！" << endl;
}
}
}
}排序
void Sort_List(Book_List* L)
{
while (1)
{
cout << "请输入要排序的方式："
<< "1.ISBN"
<< "2.价格"
<< "请输入你的选项：" << endl;
int choice_sort;
cin >> choice_sort;
if (choice_sort == 1)
{
for (int i = 0; i < L->List_Size - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < L->List_Size - i - 1; j++)
{
if (L->book_list[j].IBSN > L->book_list[j + 1].IBSN)
{
Books temp = L->book_list[j];
L->book_list[j] = L->book_list[j + 1];
L->book_list[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
break;
}
else if (choice_sort == 2)
{
for (int i = 0; i < L->List_Size - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < L->List_Size - i - 1; j++)
{
if (L->book_list[j].Price > L->book_list[j + 1].Price)
{
Books temp = L->book_list[j];
L->book_list[j] = L->book_list[j + 1];
L->book_list[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
break;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确选项！" << endl;
}
}
cout << "排序成功！" << endl;
}完整代码如下：
#include"iostream"
#include"string"
using namespace std;
class Books
{
public:
int IBSN;
string Title;
string Author;
float Price;
};
class Book_List
{
public:
int size = 10;
Books* book_list = new Books[size];
int List_Size;
};
void Init_List(Book_List* L)
{
L->List_Size = 0;
}
void Add_List(Book_List* L , Books B)
{
while (1)
{
if (L->List_Size < L->size)
{
cout << "请输入你想要添加的图书信息（IBSN、书名、作者、价格）：" << endl;
cin >> B.IBSN >> B.Title >> B.Author >> B.Price;
L->book_list[L->List_Size] = B;
L->List_Size++;
cout << "添加书籍成功！" << endl;
return;
}
while (1)
{
cout << "该图书系统书库已满，是否增大书库库存？"
<< "1.是"
<< "2.否"
<< "请输入你的选择：";
int choice;
cin >> choice;
if (choice == 1)
{
int temp = L->size + 1;
Books* New_list = new Books[temp];
for (int i = 0; i < L->size; i++)
{
New_list[i] = L->book_list[i];
}
delete[] L->book_list;
L->book_list = New_list;
L->size = temp;
cout << "扩容成功！" << endl;
break;
}
else if (choice == 2)
{
return;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确的选项！" << endl;
}
}
}
}
void Delete_List(Book_List* L, Books B)
{
while (1)
{
cout << "请输入你要删除的图书的ISBN：" << endl;
int delete_ISBN;
cin >> delete_ISBN;
int temp = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < L->size; i++)
{
if (L->book_list[i].IBSN == delete_ISBN)
{
for (int j = i; j < L->size; j++)
{
L->book_list[j] = L->book_list[j + 1];
}
L->List_Size--;
cout << "删除成功！" << endl;
temp = 1;
break;
}
}
if (temp == 0)
{
cout << "未在书库中找到要删除的图书!" << endl;
}
while (1)
{
cout << "是否继续删除？"
<< "1.是"
<< "2.否"
<< "请输入你的选项：" << endl;
int choice;
cin >> choice;
if (choice == 1)
{
break;
}
else if (choice == 2)
{
return;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确的选项！" << endl;
}
}
}
}
void Change_List(Book_List* L, Books B)
{
while (1)
{
cout << "请输入你想要修改的图书的ISBN：" << endl;
int change_ISBN;
cin >> change_ISBN;
int temp = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < L->size; i++)
{
if (L->book_list[i].IBSN == change_ISBN)
{
while (1)
{
cout << "已经找到该书籍，请选择你要修改的内容："
<< "1.书名"
<< "2.作者"
<< "3.价格"
<< "请输入你的选项:" << endl;
int choice_change;
cin >> choice_change;
if (choice_change == 1)
{
cout << "请输入要修改的书名：";
string change_title;
cin >> change_title;
L->book_list[i].Title = change_title;
break;
}
else if (choice_change == 2)
{
cout << "请输入要修改的作者名：";
string change_author;
cin >> change_author;
L->book_list[i].Author = change_author;
break;
}
else if (choice_change == 3)
{
cout << "请输入要修改的价格：";
float change_price;
cin >> change_price;
L->book_list[i].Price = change_price;
break;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确选项！" << endl;
}
}
temp = 1;
cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
break;
}
}
if (temp == 0)
{
cout << "未在书库中找到要删除的图书!" << endl;
}
while (1)
{
cout << "是否继续修改？"
<< "1.是"
<< "2.否"
<< "请输入你的选项：" << endl;
int choice_continue;
cin >> choice_continue;
if (choice_continue == 1)
{
break;
}
else if (choice_continue == 2)
{
return;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确选项！" << endl;
}
}
}
}
void Find_List(Book_List* L, Books B)
{
while (1)
{
while (1)
{
cout << "请输入查找图书的方式："
<< "1.ISBN"
<< "2.书名"
<< "请输入你的选项：" << endl;
int choice_find;
cin >> choice_find;
int temp = 0;
if (choice_find == 1)
{
cout << "请输入你要查找的图书的ISBN：";
int find_ISBN;
cin >> find_ISBN;
for (int i = 0; i < L->size; i++)
{
if (L->book_list[i].IBSN == find_ISBN)
{
cout << "已找到该书，其信息如下："
<< L->book_list[i].IBSN << L->book_list[i].Title << L->book_list[i].Author << L->book_list[i].Price;
temp = 1;
break;
}
}
if (temp == 0)
{
cout << "未在书库中找到要查找的图书!" << endl;
}
break;
}
else if (choice_find == 2)
{
cout << "请输入你要查找的图书的书名：";
string find_title;
cin >> find_title;
for (int j = 0; j < L->size; j++)
{
if (L->book_list[j].Title == find_title)
{
cout << "已找到该书，其信息如下："
<< L->book_list[j].IBSN << L->book_list[j].Title << L->book_list[j].Author << L->book_list[j].Price;
temp = 1;
break;
}
}
if (temp == 0)
{
cout << "未在书库中找到要查找的图书!" << endl;
}
break;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确选项！" << endl;
}
}
while (1)
{
cout << "是否继续查找？"
<< "1.是"
<< "2.否"
<< "请输入你的选项：" << endl;
int choice_continue;
cin >> choice_continue;
if (choice_continue == 1)
{
break;
}
else if (choice_continue == 2)
{
return;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确选项！" << endl;
}
}
}
}
void Sort_List(Book_List* L)
{
while (1)
{
cout << "请输入要排序的方式："
<< "1.ISBN"
<< "2.价格"
<< "请输入你的选项：" << endl;
int choice_sort;
cin >> choice_sort;
if (choice_sort == 1)
{
for (int i = 0; i < L->List_Size - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < L->List_Size - i - 1; j++)
{
if (L->book_list[j].IBSN > L->book_list[j + 1].IBSN)
{
Books temp = L->book_list[j];
L->book_list[j] = L->book_list[j + 1];
L->book_list[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
break;
}
else if (choice_sort == 2)
{
for (int i = 0; i < L->List_Size - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < L->List_Size - i - 1; j++)
{
if (L->book_list[j].Price > L->book_list[j + 1].Price)
{
Books temp = L->book_list[j];
L->book_list[j] = L->book_list[j + 1];
L->book_list[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
break;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确选项！" << endl;
}
}
cout << "排序成功！" << endl;
}
void Insert_List(Book_List* L, Books B)
{
while (1)
{
while (1)
{
int temp = 0;
if (L->List_Size < L->size)
{
while (1)
{
cout << "请输入要插入的位置：" << endl;
int location;
cin >> location;
if (location > 0 && location < L->size + 1)
{
cout << "请输入要插入的书籍信息（IBSN、书名、作者、价格）：" << endl;
cin >> B.IBSN >> B.Title >> B.Author >> B.Price;
if (location > L->List_Size)
{
L->book_list[location - 1] = B;
L->List_Size++;
temp = 1;
break;
}
else
{
for (int i = L->List_Size; i > location; i--)
{
L->book_list[i] = L->book_list[i - 1];
}
L->book_list[location - 1] = B;
L->List_Size++;
temp = 1;
break;
}
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确的插入位置" << endl;
}
}
}
if (temp == 1)
{
break;
}
while (1)
{
cout << "该图书系统书库已满，是否增大书库库存？"
<< "1.是"
<< "2.否"
<< "请输入你的选择：";
int choice;
cin >> choice;
if (choice == 1)
{
int temp = L->size + 1;
Books* New_list = new Books[temp];
for (int i = 0; i < L->size; i++)
{
New_list[i] = L->book_list[i];
}
delete[] L->book_list;
L->book_list = New_list;
L->size = temp;
cout << "扩容成功！" << endl;
break;
}
else if (choice == 2)
{
return;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确的选项！" << endl;
}
}
}
cout << "插入成功！" << endl;
while (1)
{
cout << "是否继续插入？"
<< "1.是"
<< "2.否"
<< "请输入你的选项：" << endl;
int choice_continue;
cin >> choice_continue;
if (choice_continue == 1)
{
break;
}
else if (choice_continue == 2)
{
return;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入正确选项！" << endl;
}
}
}
}
void Print_List(Book_List* L)
{
for (int i = 0; i < L->size; i++)
{
cout << L->book_list[i].IBSN << "\t" << L->book_list[i].Title << "\t" << L->book_list[i].Author << "\t" << L->book_list[i].Price << endl;
}
}
void Menu()
{
cout << "\t图书管理系统" << endl
<< "========================"<<endl
<< "\t1.增添书籍"<<endl
<< "\t2.删除书籍" << endl
<< "\t3.修改书籍" << endl
<< "\t4.查找书籍" << endl
<< "\t5.插入书籍" << endl
<< "\t6.排序" << endl
<< "\t7.浏览" << endl
<< "\t0.退出" << endl
<< "请输入你的选项：" << endl;
}
int main()
{
//实例化两个对象
Book_List* L = new Book_List();
Books *B = new Books();
Init_List(L);
while (1)
{
Menu();
int choice;
cin >> choice;
switch (choice)
{
case 0:
//清空空间并结束程序
delete[] L->book_list;
delete L;
delete B;
return 0;
case 1:
Add_List(L, *B);
system("pause");
system("cls");
break;
case 2:
Delete_List(L, *B);
system("pause");
system("cls");
break;
case 3:
Change_List(L, *B);
system("pause");
system("cls");
break;
case 4:
Find_List(L, *B);
system("pause");
system("cls");
break;
case 5:
Insert_List(L, *B);
system("pause");
system("cls");
break;
case 6:
Sort_List(L);
system("pause");
system("cls");
break;
case 7:
Print_List(L);
system("pause");
system("cls");
break;
default:
cout << "请输入正确的选项！" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
break;
}
}
}
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