目录
前言：
设计贪吃蛇游戏的主要目的夯实C语言基础，训练编程思维，培养解决问题的思路
当然也是对我的一个挑战。（太难了 TwT ）
所使用的环境为vs
游戏操作介绍
- 按方向键上下左右，可以实现蛇移动方向的改变。
- F3加速，F4减速
- 按空格键可实现暂停，暂停后再按空格继续游戏。
- 按Esc键可主动结束游戏。
游戏代码
//snake.h
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#define POS_X 24
#define POS_Y 5
#define WALL L'□'
#define BODY L'●'
#define FOOD L'★'
//类型的声明
//蛇的方向
enum DIRECTION
{
UP = 1,
DOWN,
LEFT,
RIGHT
};
//蛇的状态
//正常、撞墙、撞到自己、正常退出
enum GAME_STATUS
{
OK, //正常
KILL_BY_WALL, //撞墙
KILL_BY_SELF, //撞到自己
END_NORMAL //正常退出
};
//蛇身的节点类型
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
//坐标
int x;
int y;
//指向下一个节点的指针
struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode, * pSnakeNode;
//typedef struct SnakeNode* pSnakeNode;
//贪吃蛇
typedef struct Snake
{
pSnakeNode _pSnake;//指向蛇头的指针
pSnakeNode _pFood;//指向食物节点的指针
enum DIRECTION _dir;//蛇的方向
enum GAME_STATUS _status;//游戏的状态
int _food_weight;//一个食物的分数
int _score; //总成绩
int _sleep_time; //休息时间，时间越短，速度越快，时间越长，速度越慢
}Snake, * pSnake;
//函数的声明
//定位光标位置
void SetPos(short x, short y);
//游戏的初始化
void GameStart(pSnake ps);
//欢迎界面的打印
void WelcomeToGame();
//创建地图
void CreateMap();
//初始化蛇身
void InitSnake(pSnake ps);
//创建食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps);
//游戏运行的逻辑
void GameRun(pSnake ps);
//蛇的移动-走一步
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps);
//判断下一个坐标是否是食物
int NextIsFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps);
//下一个位置是食物，就吃掉食物
void EatFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps);
//下一个位置不是食物
void NoFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps);
//检测蛇是否撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps);
//检测蛇是否撞到自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps);
//游戏善后的工作
void GameEnd(pSnake ps);//snake.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include "snake.h"
void SetPos(short x, short y)
{
//获得标准输出设备的句柄
HANDLE houtput = NULL;
houtput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
//定位光标的位置
COORD pos = { x, y };
SetConsoleCursorPosition(houtput, pos);
}
void WelcomeToGame()
{
SetPos(40, 14);
wprintf(L"欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏!!!╰(*'︶`*)╯)\n");
SetPos(42, 20);
system("pause");
system("cls");
SetPos(25, 14);
wprintf(L"用 ↑. ↓ . ← . → 来控制蛇的移动，按F3加速，F4减速_(:зゝ∠)_\n");
SetPos(25, 15);
wprintf(L"加速能够得到更高的分数（＾ω＾）！\n");
SetPos(42, 20);
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void CreateMap()
{
//上
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i <56; i++)
{
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//下
SetPos(0, 26);
for (i = 0; i <56; i++)
{
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//左
for (i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
{
SetPos(0, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//右
for (i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
{
SetPos(56, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
}
void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{
int i = 0;
pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (cur == NULL)
{
perror("InitSnake()::malloc()");
return;
}
cur->next = NULL;
cur->x = POS_X + 2 * i;
cur->y = POS_Y;
//头插法插入链表
if (ps->_pSnake == NULL) //空链表
{
ps->_pSnake = cur;
}
else //非空
{
cur->next = ps->_pSnake;
ps->_pSnake = cur;
}
}
cur = ps->_pSnake;
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
//设置贪吃蛇的属性
ps->_dir = RIGHT;//默认向右
ps->_score = 0;
ps->_food_weight = 10;//食物分数
ps->_sleep_time = 200;//单位是毫秒
ps->_status = OK;
}
void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
//生成x是2的倍数
//x：2~54
//y: 1~25
again:
do
{
x = rand() % 53 + 2;
y = rand() % 25 + 1;
} while (x % 2 != 0);
//x和y的坐标不能和蛇的身体坐标冲突
pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
while (cur)
{
if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y)
{
goto again;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
//创建食物的节点
pSnakeNode pFood = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pFood == NULL)
{
perror("CreateFood()::malloc()");
return;
}
pFood->x = x;
pFood->y = y;
pFood->next = NULL;
SetPos(x, y);//定位位置
wprintf(L"%lc", FOOD);
ps->_pFood = pFood;
}
void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
//0. 先设置窗口的大小，再光标隐藏
system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
system("title 贪吃蛇");
HANDLE houtput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
//影藏光标操作
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
GetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo);//获取控制台光标信息
CursorInfo.bVisible = false; //隐藏控制台光标
SetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo);//设置控制台光标状态
//1. 打印环境界面和功能介绍
WelcomeToGame();
//2. 绘制地图
CreateMap();
//3. 创建蛇
InitSnake(ps);
//4. 创建食物
CreateFood(ps);
}
void PrintHelpInfo()
{
SetPos(64, 14);
wprintf(L"%ls", L"不能穿墙，不能咬到自己");
SetPos(64, 15);
wprintf(L"%ls", L"用 ↑. ↓ . ← . → 来控制蛇的移动");
SetPos(64, 16);
wprintf(L"%ls", L"按F3加速，F4减速");
SetPos(64, 17);
wprintf(L"%ls", L"按ESC退出游戏，按空格暂停游戏");
}
#define KEY_PRESS(vk) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk)&1)?1:0)
//暂停
void Pause()
{
while (1)
{
Sleep(200);
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
break;
}
}
}
//int NextIsFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
//{
// if (ps->_pFood->x == pn->x && ps->_pFood->y == pn->y)
// return 1;
// else
// return 0;
//}
int NextIsFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
return (ps->_pFood->x == pn->x && ps->_pFood->y == pn->y);
}
void EatFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
//头插法
ps->_pFood->next = ps->_pSnake;
ps->_pSnake = ps->_pFood;
//释放下一个位置的节点
free(pn);
pn = NULL;
pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
//打印蛇
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
ps->_score += ps->_food_weight;
//重新创建食物
CreateFood(ps);
}
void NoFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
//头插法
pn->next = ps->_pSnake;
ps->_pSnake = pn;
pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
while (cur->next->next != NULL)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
//把最后一个结点打印成空格
SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
printf(" ");
//释放最后一个结点
free(cur->next);
//把倒数第二个节点的地址置为NULL
cur->next = NULL;
}
void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
if (ps->_pSnake->x == 0 || ps->_pSnake->x == 56 ||
ps->_pSnake->y == 0 || ps->_pSnake->y == 26)
{
ps->_status = KILL_BY_WALL;
}
}
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake->next;
while (cur)
{
if (cur->x == ps->_pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->_pSnake->y)
{
ps->_status = KILL_BY_SELF;
break;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
}
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
//创建一个结点，表示蛇即将到的下一个节点
pSnakeNode pNextNode = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pNextNode == NULL)
{
perror("SnakeMove()::malloc()");
return;
}
switch (ps->_dir)
{
case UP:
pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;
pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y - 1;
break;
case DOWN:
pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;
pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y + 1;
break;
case LEFT:
pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x - 2;
pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;
break;
case RIGHT:
pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x + 2;
pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;
break;
}
//检测下一个坐标处是否是食物
if (NextIsFood(pNextNode, ps))
{
EatFood(pNextNode, ps);
}
else
{
NoFood(pNextNode, ps);
}
//检测蛇是否撞墙
KillByWall(ps);
//检测蛇是否撞到自己
KillBySelf(ps);
}
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
//打印帮助信息
PrintHelpInfo();
do
{
//打印总分数和食物的分值
SetPos(64, 10);
printf("总分数:%d\n", ps->_score);
SetPos(64, 11);
printf("当前食物的分数:%2d\n", ps->_food_weight);
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->_dir != DOWN)
{
ps->_dir = UP;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->_dir != UP)
{
ps->_dir = DOWN;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->_dir != RIGHT)
{
ps->_dir = LEFT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->_dir != LEFT)
{
ps->_dir = RIGHT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
Pause();
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
{
//正常退出游戏
ps->_status = END_NORMAL;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3))
{
//加速
if (ps->_sleep_time > 10)
{
ps->_sleep_time -= 10;
ps->_food_weight += 1;
}
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4))
{
//减速
if (ps->_food_weight > 2)
{
ps->_sleep_time += 10;
ps->_food_weight -= 1;
}
}
SnakeMove(ps);//蛇走一步的过程
Sleep(ps->_sleep_time);
} while (ps->_status == OK);
}
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
SetPos(24, 12);
switch (ps->_status)
{
case END_NORMAL:
wprintf(L"您主动结束游戏\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_WALL:
wprintf(L"您撞到墙上，游戏结束\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_SELF:
wprintf(L"您撞到了自己，游戏结束\n");
break;
}
//释放蛇身的链表
pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
while (cur)
{
pSnakeNode del = cur;
cur = cur->next;
free(del);
}
}//test.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <locale.h>
#include "snake.h"
//完成的是游戏的测试逻辑
void test()
{
int ch = 0;
do
{
system("cls");
//创建贪吃蛇
Snake snake = { 0 };
//初始化游戏
//1. 打印环境界面
//2. 功能介绍
//3. 绘制地图
//4. 创建蛇
//5. 创建食物
//6. 设置游戏的相关信息
GameStart(&snake);
//运行游戏
GameRun(&snake);
//结束游戏 - 善后工作
GameEnd(&snake);
SetPos(20, 15);
printf("再来一局吗?(Y/N):");
ch = getchar();
while (getchar() != '\n');
} while (ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y');
SetPos(0, 27);
}
int main()
{
//设置适配本地环境
setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
test();
return 0;
}
代码解释
隐藏光标
出于美观和游戏体验，我们将光标隐藏(◦˙▽˙◦)
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
GetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo);//获取控制台光标信息
CursorInfo.bVisible = false; //隐藏控制台光标
SetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo);//设置控制台光标状态构建游戏框架
以下是一些贪吃蛇所用到的结构体(ง •̀_•́)ง
//蛇的方向
enum DIRECTION
{
UP = 1,
DOWN,
LEFT,
RIGHT
};
//蛇的状态
//正常、撞墙、撞到自己、正常退出
enum GAME_STATUS
{
OK, //正常
KILL_BY_WALL, //撞墙
KILL_BY_SELF, //撞到自己
END_NORMAL //正常退出
};
//蛇身的节点类型
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
//坐标
int x;
int y;
//指向下一个节点的指针
struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode, * pSnakeNode;
//贪吃蛇
typedef struct Snake
{
pSnakeNode _pSnake;//指向蛇头的指针
pSnakeNode _pFood;//指向食物节点的指针
enum DIRECTION _dir;//蛇的方向
enum GAME_STATUS _status;//游戏的状态
int _food_weight;//一个食物的分数
int _score; //总成绩
int _sleep_time; //休息时间，时间越短，速度越快，时间越长，速度越慢
}Snake, * pSnake;
定位
改变光标的定位
void SetPos(short x, short y)
{
//获得标准输出设备的句柄
HANDLE houtput = NULL;
houtput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
//定位光标的位置
COORD pos = { x, y };
SetConsoleCursorPosition(houtput, pos);
}游戏开始
我们在游玩贪吃蛇游戏时首先会看到的是游戏界面
所以我们打印出自己喜欢的欢迎界面和操作介绍(●'◡'●)
void WelcomeToGame()
{
SetPos(40, 14);
wprintf(L"欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏!!!╰(*'︶`*)╯)\n");
SetPos(42, 20);
system("pause");
system("cls");
SetPos(25, 14);
wprintf(L"用 ↑. ↓ . ← . → 来控制蛇的移动，按F3加速，F4减速_(:зゝ∠)_\n");
SetPos(25, 15);
wprintf(L"加速能够得到更高的分数（＾ω＾）！\n");
SetPos(42, 20);
system("pause");
system("cls");
}其中system是这些能在控制台窗口执行的命令，
system（“cls”）是用来清理屏幕上的缓冲。╰(*´︶`*)╯
打印地图
void CreateMap()
{//上
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 56; i++)
{
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//下
SetPos(0, 26);
for (i = 0; i < 56; i++)
{
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//左
for (i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
{
SetPos(0, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//右
for (i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
{
SetPos(56, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
}初始化蛇
以链表的方式创建长度为5的蛇(*σ´∀`)σ
void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{
int i = 0;
pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (cur == NULL)
{
perror("InitSnake()::malloc()");
return;
}
cur->next = NULL;
cur->x = POS_X + 2 * i;
cur->y = POS_Y;
//头插法插入链表
if (ps->_pSnake == NULL) //空链表
{
ps->_pSnake = cur;
}
else //非空
{
cur->next = ps->_pSnake;
ps->_pSnake = cur;
}
}
cur = ps->_pSnake;
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
//设置贪吃蛇的属性
ps->_dir = RIGHT;//默认向右
ps->_score = 0;
ps->_food_weight = 10;//食物分数
ps->_sleep_time = 200;//单位是毫秒
ps->_status = OK;
}创建食物
在生成食物时需要对生成后的坐标进行判断，只有该位置为空Σ( ° △ °|||)︴
才能在此生成食物，否则需要重新生成坐标
void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
//生成x是2的倍数
//x：2~54
//y: 1~25
again:
do
{
x = rand() % 53 + 2;
y = rand() % 25 + 1;
} while (x % 2 != 0);
//x和y的坐标不能和蛇的身体坐标冲突
pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
while (cur)
{
if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y)
{
goto again;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
//创建食物的节点
pSnakeNode pFood = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pFood == NULL)
{
perror("CreateFood()::malloc()");
return;
}
pFood->x = x;
pFood->y = y;
pFood->next = NULL;
SetPos(x, y);//定位位置
wprintf(L"%lc", FOOD);
ps->_pFood = pFood;
}蛇的移动
用到了虚拟键的知识，而
KEY_PRESS(vk) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk)&1)?1:0)用来判断这个键是否被摁过✧*。٩(ˊωˋ*)و✧*。
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
//打印帮助信息
PrintHelpInfo();
do
{
//打印总分数和食物的分值
SetPos(64, 10);
printf("总分数:%d\n", ps->_score);
SetPos(64, 11);
printf("当前食物的分数:%2d\n", ps->_food_weight);
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->_dir != DOWN)
{
ps->_dir = UP;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->_dir != UP)
{
ps->_dir = DOWN;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->_dir != RIGHT)
{
ps->_dir = LEFT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->_dir != LEFT)
{
ps->_dir = RIGHT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
Pause();
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
{
//正常退出游戏
ps->_status = END_NORMAL;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3))
{
//加速
if (ps->_sleep_time > 10)
{
ps->_sleep_time -= 10;
ps->_food_weight += 1;
}
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4))
{
//减速
if (ps->_food_weight > 2)
{
ps->_sleep_time += 10;
ps->_food_weight -= 1;
}
}
SnakeMove(ps);//蛇走一步的过程
Sleep(ps->_sleep_time);
} while (ps->_status == OK);
}判断结束
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
SetPos(24, 12);
switch (ps->_status)
{
case END_NORMAL:
wprintf(L"您主动结束游戏\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_WALL:
wprintf(L"您撞到墙上，游戏结束\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_SELF:
wprintf(L"您撞到了自己，游戏结束\n");
break;
}
//释放蛇身的链表
pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
while (cur)
{
pSnakeNode del = cur;
cur = cur->next;
free(del);
}
}结语：
本次贪吃蛇的代码有许多的不足，已经尽力了(◞‸◟ )
如有不足情给予建议(ʃƪ ˘ ³˘)
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