mkdir www
cd /www
mkdir redis
cd redis
#### 创建 `redis.conf` 配置文件
vim redis.conf
配置文件 内容如下
Redis configuration file example
Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify
it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
1k => 1000 bytes
1kb => 1024 bytes
1m => 1000000 bytes
1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
1g => 1000000000 bytes
1gb => 102410241024 bytes
units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.
################################## INCLUDES ###################################
Include one or more other config files here. This is useful if you
have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need
to customize a few per-server settings. Include files can include
other files, so use this wisely.
Notice option “include” won’t be rewritten by command “CONFIG REWRITE”
from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed
line as value of a configuration directive, you’d better put includes
at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.
If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration
options, it is better to use include as the last line.
include .\path\to\local.conf
include c:\path\to\other.conf
################################ GENERAL #####################################
On Windows, daemonize and pidfile are not supported.
However, you can run redis as a Windows service, and specify a logfile.
The logfile will contain the pid.
Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379.
If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
port 6379
TCP listen() backlog.
In high requests-per-second environments you need an high backlog in order
to avoid slow clients connections issues. Note that the Linux kernel
will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so
make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog
in order to get the desired effect.
tcp-backlog 511
By default Redis listens for connections from all the network interfaces
available on the server. It is possible to listen to just one or multiple
interfaces using the “bind” configuration directive, followed by one or
more IP addresses.
Examples:
bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
bind 127.0.0.1
Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for
incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
on a unix socket when not specified.
unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
unixsocketperm 700
Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
timeout 0
TCP keepalive.
If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence
of communication. This is useful for two reasons:
1) Detect dead peers.
2) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network
equipment in the middle.
On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
A reasonable value for this option is 60 seconds.
tcp-keepalive 0
Specify the server verbosity level.
This can be one of:
debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel notice
Specify the log file name. Also ‘stdout’ can be used to force
Redis to log on the standard output.
logfile “”
To enable logging to the Windows EventLog, just set ‘syslog-enabled’ to
yes, and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
If Redis is installed and launched as a Windows Service, this will
automatically be enabled.
syslog-enabled no
Specify the source name of the events in the Windows Application log.
syslog-ident redis
Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT where
dbid is a number between 0 and ‘databases’-1
databases 16
################################ SNAPSHOTTING ################################
Save the DB on disk:
save
Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
number of write operations against the DB occurred.
In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all “save” lines.
It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save
points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument
like in the following example:
save “”
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled
(at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.
This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting
on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some
disaster will happen.
If the background saving process will start working again Redis will
automatically allow writes again.
However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server
and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will
continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,
permissions, and so forth.
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
For default that’s set to ‘yes’ as it’s almost always a win.
If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to ‘no’ but
the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
rdbcompression yes
Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.
This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance
hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it
for maximum performances.
RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will
tell the loading code to skip the check.
rdbchecksum yes
The filename where to dump the DB
dbfilename dump.rdb
The working directory.
The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
above using the ‘dbfilename’ configuration directive.
The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.
Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
dir ./
################################# REPLICATION #################################
Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of
another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication.
1) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to
stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least
a given number of slaves.
2) Redis slaves are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the
master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of
time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next
sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs.
3) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a
network partition slaves automatically try to reconnect to masters
and resynchronize with them.
slaveof
If the master is password protected (using the “requirepass” configuration
directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before
starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
refuse the slave request.
masterauth
When a slave loses its connection with the master, or when the replication
is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways:
1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to ‘yes’ (the default) the slave will
still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the
data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
2) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to ‘no’ the slave will reply with
an error “SYNC with master in progress” to all the kind of commands
but to INFO and SLAVEOF.
slave-serve-stale-data yes
You can configure a slave instance to accept writes or not. Writing against
a slave instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data
written on a slave will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but
may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a
misconfiguration.
Since Redis 2.6 by default slaves are read-only.
Note: read only slaves are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
on the internet. It’s just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
Still a read only slave exports by default all the administrative commands
such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
security of read only slaves using ‘rename-command’ to shadow all the
administrative / dangerous commands.
slave-read-only yes
Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket.
-------------------------------------------------------
WARNING: DISKLESS REPLICATION IS EXPERIMENTAL CURRENTLY
-------------------------------------------------------
New slaves and reconnecting slaves that are not able to continue the replication
process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a "full
synchronization". An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the slaves.
The transmission can happen in two different ways:
1) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB
file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent
process to the slaves incrementally.
2) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the
RDB file to slave sockets, without touching the disk at all.
With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more slaves
can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child producing
the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead once
the transfer starts, new slaves arriving will be queued and a new transfer
will start when the current one terminates.
When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of
time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple slaves
will arrive and the transfer can be parallelized.
With slow disks and fast (large bandwidth) networks, diskless replication
works better.
repl-diskless-sync no
When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay
the server waits in order to spawn the child that transfers the RDB via socket
to the slaves.
This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve
new slaves arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the server
waits a delay in order to let more slaves arrive.
The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is 5 seconds. To disable
it entirely just set it to 0 seconds and the transfer will start ASAP.
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It’s possible to change
this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10
seconds.
repl-ping-slave-period 10
The following option sets the replication timeout for:
1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of slave.
2) Master timeout from the point of view of slaves (data, pings).
3) Slave timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).
It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.
repl-timeout 60
Disable TCP_NODELAY on the slave socket after SYNC?
If you select “yes” Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
less bandwidth to send data to slaves. But this can add a delay for
the data to appear on the slave side, up to 40 milliseconds with
Linux kernels using a default configuration.
If you select “no” the delay for data to appear on the slave side will
be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
or when the master and slaves are many hops away, turning this to “yes” may
be a good idea.
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
Set the replication backlog size. The backlog is a buffer that accumulates
slave data when slaves are disconnected for some time, so that when a slave
wants to reconnect again, often a full resync is not needed, but a partial
resync is enough, just passing the portion of data the slave missed while
disconnected.
The bigger the replication backlog, the longer the time the slave can be
disconnected and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.
The backlog is only allocated once there is at least a slave connected.
repl-backlog-size 1mb
After a master has no longer connected slaves for some time, the backlog
will be freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that
need to elapse, starting from the time the last slave disconnected, for
the backlog buffer to be freed.
A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.
repl-backlog-ttl 3600
The slave priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO output.
It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a slave to promote into a
master if the master is no longer working correctly.
A slave with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so
for instance if there are three slaves with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel will
pick the one with priority 10, that is the lowest.
However a special priority of 0 marks the slave as not able to perform the
role of master, so a slave with priority of 0 will never be selected by
Redis Sentinel for promotion.
By default the priority is 100.
slave-priority 100
It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than
N slaves connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.
The N slaves need to be in “online” state.
The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from
the last ping received from the slave, that is usually sent every second.
This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but
will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough slaves
are available, to the specified number of seconds.
For example to require at least 3 slaves with a lag <= 10 seconds use:
min-slaves-to-write 3
min-slaves-max-lag 10
Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.
By default min-slaves-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and
min-slaves-max-lag is set to 10.
################################## SECURITY ###################################
Require clients to issue AUTH before processing any other
commands. This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
others with access to the host running redis-server.
This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
requirepass foobared
Command renaming.
It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
but not available for general clients.
Example:
rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
an empty string:
rename-command CONFIG “”
Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
AOF file or transmitted to slaves may cause problems.
################################### LIMITS ####################################
Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
an error ‘max number of clients reached’.
maxclients 10000
If Redis is to be used as an in-memory-only cache without any kind of
persistence, then the fork() mechanism used by the background AOF/RDB
persistence is unnecessary. As an optimization, all persistence can be
turned off in the Windows version of Redis. This will redirect heap
allocations to the system heap allocator, and disable commands that would
otherwise cause fork() operations: BGSAVE and BGREWRITEAOF.
This flag may not be combined with any of the other flags that configure
AOF and RDB operations.
persistence-available [(yes)|no]
Don’t use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys
according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy).
If Redis can’t remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is
set to ‘noeviction’, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
to reply to read-only commands like GET.
This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU cache, or to set
a hard memory limit for an instance (using the ‘noeviction’ policy).
WARNING: If you have slaves attached to an instance with maxmemory on,
the size of the output buffers needed to feed the slaves are subtracted
from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will
not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output
buffer of slaves is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion
of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.
In short… if you have slaves attached it is suggested that you set a lower
limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for slave
output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is ‘noeviction’).
WARNING: not setting maxmemory will cause Redis to terminate with an
out-of-memory exception if the heap limit is reached.
NOTE: since Redis uses the system paging file to allocate the heap memory,
the Working Set memory usage showed by the Windows Task Manager or by other
tools such as ProcessExplorer will not always be accurate. For example, right
after a background save of the RDB or the AOF files, the working set value
may drop significantly. In order to check the correct amount of memory used
by the redis-server to store the data, use the INFO client command. The INFO
command shows only the memory used to store the redis data, not the extra
memory used by the Windows process for its own requirements. Th3 extra amount
of memory not reported by the INFO command can be calculated subtracting the
Peak Working Set reported by the Windows Task Manager and the used_memory_peak
reported by the INFO command.
maxmemory
MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
is reached. You can select among five behaviors:
volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm
allkeys-lru -> remove any key according to the LRU algorithm
volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set
allkeys-random -> remove a random key, any key
volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
noeviction -> don’t expire at all, just return an error on write operations
Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write
operations, when there are no suitable keys for eviction.
At the date of writing these commands are: set setnx setex append
incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
getset mset msetnx exec sort
The default is:
maxmemory-policy noeviction
LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can select as well the sample
size to check. For instance for default Redis will check three keys and
pick the one that was used less recently, you can change the sample size
using the following configuration directive.
maxmemory-samples 3
############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################
By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
the configured save points).
The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
(see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
still running correctly.
AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
with the better durability guarantees.
Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.
appendonly no
The name of the append only file (default: “appendonly.aof”)
appendfilename “appendonly.aof”
The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
Redis supports three different modes:
no: don’t fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.
everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
The default is “everysec”, as that’s usually the right compromise between
speed and data safety. It’s up to you to understand if you can relax this to
“no” that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
some data loss consider the default persistence mode that’s snapshotting),
or on the contrary, use “always” that’s very slow but a bit safer than
everysec.
More details please check the following article:
http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
If unsure, use “everysec”.
appendfsync always
appendfsync everysec
appendfsync no
When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
our synchronous write(2) call.
In order to mitigate this problem it’s possible to use the following option
that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is
the same as “appendfsync none”. In practical terms, this means that it is
possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
default Linux settings).
If you have latency problems turn this to “yes”. Otherwise leave it as
“no” that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
the AOF at startup is used).
This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
is reached but it is still pretty small.
Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
rewrite feature.
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis
startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory.
This may happen when the system where Redis is running
crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the
data=ordered option (however this can’t happen when Redis itself
crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly).
Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much
data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found
to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior.
If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and
the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event.
Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error
and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires
to fix the AOF file using the “redis-check-aof” utility before to restart
the server.
Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle
the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when
Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes
will be found.
aof-load-truncated yes
################################ LUA SCRIPTING ###############################
Max execution time of a Lua script in milliseconds.
If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will log that a script is
still in execution after the maximum allowed time and will start to
reply to queries with an error.
When a long running script exceeds the maximum execution time only the
SCRIPT KILL and SHUTDOWN NOSAVE commands are available. The first can be
used to stop a script that did not yet called write commands. The second
is the only way to shut down the server in the case a write command was
already issued by the script but the user doesn’t want to wait for the natural
termination of the script.
Set it to 0 or a negative value for unlimited execution without warnings.
lua-time-limit 5000
################################ REDIS CLUSTER ###############################
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