Django项目搭建

Django项目搭建

1、新建项目文件夹pro，新建文件夹venv，创建虚拟环境并激活

python -m venv django-test

cd django-test

cd Scripts

activate

2、导入django，终端输入命令

pip install Django==3.2.7 -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

pip install PyMySQL==0.9.2 -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

pip install xadmin-django==3.0.2 -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

pip install mysqlclient==2.0.1 -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

3、进入项目文件夹

cd ..

cd ..

cd ..

cd pro

4、创建django项目

django-admin startproject django-test

5、切换到项目根目录，创建子应用

cd django-test

django-admin startapp test

6、创建数据库

create database django-test；

7、修改settings.py配置文件

允许所有访问

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

添加子应用

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'xadmin',
    'crispy_forms',
    'crispy_bootstrap3',
    'test'
]

使用mysql数据库，注释DATABASES，修改：

ip = '127.0.0.1'
DATABASE_NAME = 'django-test'  # mysql数据库名称
DATABASE_USER = 'root'  # mysql数据库用户名
DATABASE_PASS = '123456'  # mysql数据库密码
DATABASE_HOST = ip  # mysql数据库IP
DATABASE_PORT = 3306  # mysql数据库端口

# 配置数据库
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',  # 修改数据库为MySQL，并进行配置
        'NAME': DATABASE_NAME,  #
        'USER': DATABASE_USER,  # 用户名
        'PASSWORD': DATABASE_PASS,  # 密码
        'HOST': DATABASE_HOST,
        'PORT': DATABASE_PORT,
        'OPTIONS': {'charset': 'utf8mb4', }
    }
}

使用中文

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'  # 使用中国时区

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = False

在django-test下新建文件夹static，配置静态文件路由

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
]
# STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')  # 收集静态文件时打开，然后关闭STATICFILES_DIRS

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')

8、models.py数据表

创建一系列数据表,例：

from django.db import models

class MetaData(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='名称')
    describe = models.CharField(max_length=20, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='描述')
    time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='时间')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'subway_metadata'
        verbose_name_plural = "元数据"
        verbose_name = verbose_name_plural

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

9、urls.py路由配置

修改django-test/urls.py

import xadmin
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include, re_path
from django.views.static import serve

from subway_warehouse import settings

urlpatterns = [
    path('xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
    path("", include("test.urls")),

    re_path(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),
    # re_path(r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.STATICFILES_DIRS}), # 收集静态文件时关闭
    path(r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.STATIC_ROOT}),  # 收集静态文件时打开，然后关闭STATICFILES_DIRS
]

test下新建urls.py

from django.urls import path

urlpatterns = [

]

10、数据迁移，终端输入命令

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

11、创建缓存表

python manage.py createcachetable 

12、收集静态文件，django-test/settings.py文件改为

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# STATICFILES_DIRS = [
#     os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
# ]

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')  # 收集静态文件时打开，然后关闭STATICFILES_DIRS

然后执行

python manage.py collectstatic 

执行成功后，django-test/settings.py再改为

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
]

# STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')  # 收集静态文件时打开，然后关闭STATICFILES_DIRS

修改django-test/urls.py

import xadmin
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include, re_path
from django.views.static import serve

from subway_warehouse import settings

urlpatterns = [
    path('xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
    path("", include("test.urls")),

    re_path(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),
    re_path(r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.STATICFILES_DIRS}), # 收集静态文件时关闭
    # path(r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.STATIC_ROOT}),  # 收集静态文件时打开，然后关闭STATICFILES_DIRS

]

13、创建后台管理员

python manage.py createsuperuser 

设置邮箱、账号、密码

设置账号为 root

邮箱为 1@qq.com

密码为 test-root

14、后台管理

子应用test下创建adminx.py文件，内容例：

import xadmin
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.utils.html import format_html
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
from xadmin import views
from django.conf import settings
from .models import *

# https://fontawesome.dashgame.com/  图标字体网站
# 基础设置
class BaseSetting(object):
    enable_themes = True  # 使用主题
    use_bootswatch = True

# 全局设置
class GlobalSettings(object):
    site_title = '数据管理系统'  # 标题
    site_footer = mark_safe(settings.SITE_FOOTER)  # 页尾
    site_url = '/'
    menu_style = 'accordion'  # 设置左侧菜单  折叠样式

# 地铁元数据管理
class MetaDataAdmin(object):
    search_fields = ['name', 'device_code']  # 检索字段
    list_display = ['id', 'name', 'describe', 'time']  # 要显示的字段
    list_per_page = 30  # 默认每页显示多少条记录，默认是100条
    model_icon = 'fa fa-users'  # 左侧小图标
    list_editable = ['name']  # 可编辑字段
    # 控制是否显示书签功能，False表示关闭
    show_bookmarks = False
    
xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSettings)
xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting)
xadmin.site.register(MetaData, MetaDataAdmin)

修改test/apps.py

from django.apps import AppConfig


class SubwayConfig(AppConfig):
    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
    name = 'test'
    verbose_name = "django测试系统"

修改test/__init__.py

default_app_config = 'book.apps.BookConfig' 

运行，终端输入命令

python manage.py runserver

点击http://127.0.0.1:8000/进入浏览器访问，需要加上/xadmin访问

也可以直接在浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1:8000/xadmin/访问

账号：root

密码：test_root

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