1.什么是IP地址?
答:IP地址是主机在网络中的唯一标识,由网络号和主机号组成,他的作用是在网络传输中便于找到目标主机,他分为使用4字节无符号整数的IPV4和使用16字节无符号整数的IPV6。
2.IP是如何划分的?
答:IP地址分为5类网络。A类网络范围为1.0.0.0-127.255.255.255,已经保留不在供给;B类网络范围为128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255,名地址网管中心使用;C类地址范围为192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255,校园网、企业网和家庭网使用;D类网络224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255,组播地址;E类网络为240.0.0.0-255.255.255.255,保留不适用。
3.IP地址中200.0.0.1属于哪一类?
答:C类网络,192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255。
4.什么是端口号?端口号的作用?
答:主机中每个进程的标识,是2字节无符号整数,取值范围为0-65535。在网络传输中的作用就是用来确定对端主机上指定的进程。
5.如何理解字节序?
答:每个主机对于多字节整数的存储方式是不同的,分为大端存储和小端存储,在网络通信中字节序规定为大端存储。
6.七层网络体系结构?
答:物理层、数据链路层、网络层、传输层、表示层、会话层、应用层。
7.在tcp/ip协议族体系中,http,tftp,ip,udp,arp协议分别在那一层?
答:http、tftp在应用层;ip在网络层、udp在传输层、arp在以太网层。
8.TCP通信中,服务器端实现流程?
答:①socket②bind③listen④accept⑤read、write,send、recv,sendto、recvfrom⑥close
9.UDP通信中,服务器端实现流程?
答:①socket②bind③sendto、recvfrom④close
思维导图总结:
#include <myhead.h>
#define SER_IP "192.168.117.176"
#define SER_PORT 8888
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
//TCP服务器端
//socket
int sfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sfd==-1){perror("socket");return -1;}
printf("%d\n",sfd);
//端口号重用
int reuse=1;
if(setsockopt(sfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&reuse,sizeof(reuse))==-1)
{perror("setsockopt");return -1;}
printf("setsockopt success\n");
//bind
struct sockaddr_in sin;
sin.sin_family=AF_INET;
sin.sin_port=htons(SER_PORT);
sin.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(SER_IP);
if(bind(sfd,(struct sockaddr*)&sin,sizeof(sin))==-1){perror("bind");return -1;}
printf("bind success\n");
//listen
if(listen(sfd,128)==-1){perror("listen");return -1;}
printf("listen success\n");
//accept
struct sockaddr_in cin;
socklen_t socklen=sizeof(cin);
int newfd=accept(sfd,(struct sockaddr *)&cin,&socklen);
if(newfd==-1){perror("accept");return -1;}
printf("newfd=%d\n",newfd);
printf("[%s:%d]:已连接,newfd=%d\n",inet_ntoa(cin.sin_addr),\
ntohs(cin.sin_port),newfd);
//read & write
char rbuf[128];
while(1)
{ bzero(rbuf,sizeof(rbuf));
int ret=read(newfd,rbuf,sizeof(rbuf));
if(ret==0){printf("客户端已下线\n");break;}
printf("[%s:%d]:%s\n",inet_ntoa(cin.sin_addr),ntohs(cin.sin_port),rbuf);
strcat(rbuf,"*-*");
write(newfd,rbuf,strlen(rbuf));
printf("发送成功\n");
}
//close
close(sfd);
close(newfd);
return 0;
}
#include <myhead.h>
#define SER_IP "192.168.117.176"
#define SER_PORT 8888
#define CLI_IP "192.168.117.176"
#define CLI_PORT 9999
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
//TCP客户端
//socket
int cfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(cfd==-1){perror("socket");return -1;}
//setsockopt
int reuse=1;
if(setsockopt(cfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&reuse,sizeof(reuse))==-1)
{perror("setsockopt");return -1;}
printf("setsockopt success\n");
//bind
struct sockaddr_in cin;
cin.sin_family=AF_INET;
cin.sin_port=htons(CLI_PORT);
cin.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(CLI_IP);
if(bind(cfd,(struct sockaddr*)&cin,sizeof(cin))==-1)
{perror("bind");return -1;}
printf("bind success\n");
struct sockaddr_in sin;
sin.sin_family=AF_INET;
sin.sin_port=htons(SER_PORT);
sin.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(SER_IP);
//connect
if(connect(cfd,(struct sockaddr*)&sin,sizeof(sin))==-1)
{perror("connect");return -1;}
printf("connect success\n");
//send & recv
char wbuf[128];
char rbuf[128];
while(1)
{ printf("请输入>>>>>>");
fgets(wbuf,sizeof(wbuf),stdin);
wbuf[strlen(wbuf)-1]=0;
send(cfd,wbuf,strlen(wbuf),0);
printf("send success\n");
bzero(rbuf,sizeof(rbuf));
printf("接收到消息为>>>>>>");
recv(cfd,rbuf,sizeof(rbuf),0);
puts(rbuf);
}
//close
close(cfd);
return 0;
}
#include <myhead.h>
#define SER_IP "192.168.117.177"
#define SER_PORT 8888
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
//UDP服务器端
//socket
int sfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
if(sfd==-1){perror("socket");return -1;}
//setsockopt
int reuse=1;
if(setsockopt(sfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&reuse,sizeof(reuse))==-1)
{perror("setsockopt");return -1;}
printf("setsockopt success\n");
//bind
struct sockaddr_in sin;
sin.sin_family=AF_INET;
sin.sin_port=htons(SER_PORT);
sin.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(SER_IP);
if(bind(sfd,(struct sockaddr*)&sin,sizeof(sin))==-1)
{perror("bind");return -1;}
printf("bind success\n");
//recvfrom &sendto
char rbuf[128];
struct sockaddr_in cin;
socklen_t addlen=sizeof(cin);
while(1)
{ bzero(rbuf,sizeof(rbuf));
recvfrom(sfd,rbuf,sizeof(rbuf),0,(struct sockaddr*)&cin,&addlen);
printf("[%s:%d]:",inet_ntoa(cin.sin_addr),ntohs(cin.sin_port));
puts(rbuf);
strcat(rbuf,"*_*");
sendto(sfd,rbuf,strlen(rbuf),0,(struct sockaddr*)&cin,sizeof(cin));
}
//close
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
#include <myhead.h>
#define SER_IP "192.168.117.177"
#define SER_PORT 8888
#define CLI_IP "192.168.117.177"
#define CLI_PORT 9999
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
//UDP客户端
//socket
int cfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
if(cfd==-1){perror("socket");return -1;}
//bind
struct sockaddr_in sin;
sin.sin_family=AF_INET;
sin.sin_port=htons(SER_PORT);
sin.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(SER_IP);
//recvfrom & sendto
char rbuf[128];
char wbuf[128];
while(1)
{ printf("请输入>>>>");
fgets(wbuf,sizeof(wbuf),stdin);
wbuf[strlen(wbuf)-1]=0;
sendto(cfd,wbuf,strlen(wbuf),0,(struct sockaddr*)&sin,sizeof(sin));
printf("sendto success\n");
bzero(rbuf,sizeof(rbuf));
recvfrom(cfd,rbuf,sizeof(rbuf),0,NULL,NULL);
printf("接收到的消息为:");
puts(rbuf);
}
//close
return 0;
}