4.1、组件的定义及属性
组件是页面视图层的基本组成单元,组件组合可以构建功能强大的页面结构。
组件的语法格式:
<标签名 属性名 = "属性值">内容...</标签名>
组件通过属性来进一步细化。
id:组件的唯一表示,保持整个页面唯一。
class:组件的样式类,对应WXSS中定义的样式。
style:组件的内联样式,可以动态设置内联样式。
hidden:组件是否显示。
data-*:自定义属性,组件触发事件时,会发送给事件处理函数。事件处理函数可以通过传入参数对象的current Target.dataset方式来获取自定义属性的值。
bind*/catch*:组件的事件,绑定逻辑层相关事件处理函数。
4.2、容器视图组件
容器视图组件是能容纳其他组件的组件,是构建小程序页面布局的基础组件。
4.2-1、view:块级组件
块级组件,没有特殊功能。是布局中最基本的用户页面组件。
.wxml
<view style="text-align: center;">默认flex布局</view>
<view style="display: flex;">
<view style="border: 1px solid red;flex-grow: 1;">1</view>
<view style="border: 1px solid red;flex-grow: 1;">1</view>
<view style="border: 1px solid red;flex-grow: 1;">1</view>
</view>
<view style="text-align: center;">上下混合布局</view>
<view style="display: flex;flex-direction: column;">
<view style="border: 1px solid red;">1</view>
<view style="display: flex;">
<view style="border: 1px solid red;flex-grow: 1;">2</view>
<view style="border: 1px solid red;flex-grow: 1;">3</view>
</view>
</view>
<view style="text-align: center;">左右混合布局</view>
<view style="display: flex;">
<view style="border: 1px solid red;flex-grow: 1;">1</view>
<view style="display: flex;flex-direction: column;flex-grow: 1;">
<view style="border: 1px solid red;flex-grow: 1;">2</view>
<view style="border: 1px solid red;flex-grow: 1;">3</view>
</view>
</view>
运行结果:
4.2-2、scroll-view
4.2-3、swiper
实现轮播图、图片预览、页面滑动等效果。一个完整的swiper组件由<swiper/>和<swiper - item/>两个标签组成,他们不能单独使用。<swiper/>中只能放置<swiper - item/>。<swiper - item/>可以放置任何组件。
<swiper - item/>组件为滑块组件,只能放置在<swiper/>中。
.wxml
<swiper indicator-dots='true' autoplay='true' interval='5000' duration ='1000'>
<swiper-item>
<image src="/images2/home.png" style="width: 100%;"></image>
</swiper-item>
<swiper-item>
<image src="/images2/lock-fill.png" style="width: 100%;"></image>
</swiper-item>
<swiper-item>
<image src="/images2/home_1.png" style="width: 100%;"></image>
</swiper-item>
</swiper>
运行结果:
4.3、基础内容组件
主要用于展示图标、文本和进度条等信息。
4.3-1、icon图表组件
图表组件通常用于表示一种状态。
.wxml
<view>icon类型:
<block wx:for="{{iconType}}">
<icon type="{{item}}"/>{{item}}
</block>
</view>
<view>icon大小:
<block wx:for="{{iconSize}}">
<icon type="success" size="{{item}}"/>{{item}}
</block>
</view>
<view>icon颜色:
<block wx:for="{{iconColor}}">
<icon type="success" size="30" color="{{item}}"/>{{item}}
</block>
</view>
.js
Page({
data:{
iconType:["success","success_no_circle","info","warn","waiting","cancel","download","search","clear"],
iconSize:[10,20,30,40],
iconColor:['#f00','#0f0','#00f']
}
})
运行结果:
4.3-2、text
text组件用于展示内容 ,支持长按选中,支持转义字符 “\”,属于行内元素/。
.wxml
<block wx:for="{{x}}" wx:for-item="x">
<view class="aa">
<block wx:for = "{{1-x}}" wx:for-item="x">
<text decode = "{{true}}" space="{{true}}">
</text>
</block>
<block wx:for="{{y}}" wx:for-item="y">
<block wx:if="{{y<=2*x-1}}">
<text>*</text>
</block>
</block>
</view>
</block>
<block wx:for="{{x}}" wx:for-item="x">
<view class="aa">
<block wx:for="{{-5+x}}" wx:for-item="x">
<text decode="{{true}}" space="{{true}}">
</text>
</block>
<block wx:for="{{y}}" wx:for-item="y">
<block wx:if="{{y<=11-2*x}}">
<text>*</text>
</block>
</block>
</view>
</block>
.wxss
.aa{
text-align: center;
}
.js
Page({
data:{
x:[1,2,3,4,5],
y:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
}
})
运行结果:
4.3-3、progress
显示进度状态。
.wxml
<progress percent='80' show-info = '80' ></progress>
<view>改变宽度</view>
<progress percent='50' stroke-width = '2'></progress>
<view>自动显示进度条</view>
运行结果:
4.4表单组件
4.4-1、button按钮
实现用户和应用之间的交互。
.wxml
<button type="default">type:default</button>
<button type="primary">type:primary</button>
<button type="warn">type:warn</button>
<button type="default" bindtap='buttonSize' size="{{size}}">改变size</button>
<button type="default" bindtap='buttonPlain' plain="{{plain}}">改变plain</button>
<button type="default" bindtap='buttonLoading' size="{{loading}}">改变Loading显示</button>
.js
Page({
data:{
size:'default',
plain:'false',
loading:'false'
},
buttonSize:function(){
if(this.data.size == "default")
this.setData({ size:'main'})
else
this.setData({ size:'default'})
},
buttonPlain:function(){
this.setData( {plain:!this.data.plain})
},
buttonLoading:function(){
this.setData({ loading:!this.data.loading})
}
})
运行结果:
4.4-2、radio单选框
单选框用来从一组选项中选取一个选项。
.wxml
<view>选择出生点:</view>
<radio-group bindchange="citychange">
<radio value="江西">江西</radio>
<radio value="北京">北京</radio>
<radio value="上海">上海</radio>
<radio value="江苏">江苏</radio>
<radio value="广州">广州</radio>
</radio-group>
<view>你的选择:{{city}}</view>
<view>选择您喜欢的计算机语言:</view>
<radio-group class="radio-group" bindchange="radiochange">
<label class="radio" wx:for="{{radio}}">
<radio value="{{item.value}}" checked="{{item.checked}}"/>
{{item.name}}
</label>
</radio-group>
<view>你的选择:{{lang}}</view>
.wxss
运行结果:
4.4-3、checkbox复选框
复选框用于从一组选项中选取多个选项。
.wxml
<view>选择你想要去的城市:</view>
<checkbox-group bindchange="cityChange">
<label wx:for="{{citys}}">
<checkbox value="{{item.value}}" checked="{{item.checkd}}">
{{item.value}}
</checkbox>
</label>
</checkbox-group>
<view>您的选择是:{{city}}</view>
.js
Page({
city:"",
data:{
citys:[
{name:"km",value:"昆明"},
{name:"sy",value:"三亚"},
{name:"zh",value:"珠海",checked:"true"},
{name:"dl",value:"大连"}
]
},
cityChange:function(e){
console.log(e.detail.value);
var city = e.detail.value;
this.setData({city:city})
}
})
运行结果:
4.4-4、swith开关选择器
.wxml
<view>
<switch bindchange="sw1">{{var1}}</switch>
</view>
<view>
<switch checked bindchange="sw2">{{var2}}</switch>
</view>
<view>
<switch type="checkbox" bindchange="sw3">{{var3}}</switch>
</view>
.js
Page({
data:{
var1:'关',
var2:'开',
var3:'未选',
},
sw1:function(){
this.setData({var1:e.detail.vlue?'开':'关'})
},
sw2:function(){
this.setData({var2:e.detail.vlue?'开':'关'})
},
sw3:function(){
this.setData({var3:e.detail.vlue?'已选':'未选'})
},
})
运行结果:
4.4-5、slider滑动选择器
.wxml
<view>默认 min=0 max=100 step=1</view>
<slider></slider>
<view>显示当前值</view>
<slider show-value=""></slider>
<view>设置 min="0" max="200" step="10" show-value</view>
<view>滑动改变icon的大小</view>
<slider show-value bindchange="sliderchange"></slider>
<icon type="success" size="{{size}}"></icon>
.js
Page({
data:{
size:"20"
},
sliderchange:function(e){
this.setData({size:e.detail.value})
}
})
运行结果:
4.4-6、piker滚动选择器
piker为滚动选择器。
1、普通选择器
.wxml
<view>---range为数组---</view>
<picker range="{{array}}" value="{{index1}}" bindchange="arrayChange">
当前选择:{{array[index1]}}
</picker>
<view>---range为数组对象---</view>
<picker bindchange="objArrayChange" value="{{index2}}" range-key="name" range="{{objArray}}">
当前选择:{{objArray[index2].name}}
</picker>
.js
Page({
data:{
array:["JAVA","Python","C","C#"],
objArray:[
{id:0,name:"JAVA"},
{id:1,name:"Python"},
{id:2,name:"C"},
{id:3,name:"C#"}
],
index1:0,
index2:0
},
arrayChange:function(e){
console.log("picker值变为",e.detail.value)
var index=0;
this.setData({
index1:e.detail.value
})
},
objArrayChange:function(e){
console.log("picker值变为",e.detail.value)
this.setData({
index2:e.detail.value
})
}
})
运行结果:
2、多列选择器
.wxml
<view>多列选择器</view>
<picker
rmode="multiSelector"
bindchange="bindMultipickerChange"
bindcolumnchange="bindMultipickerColumnChange"
value="{{multiIndex}}"
range="{{multiArray}}">
<view>
当前选择:{{multiArray[0][multiIndex[0]]}},
{{multiArray[1][multiIndex[1]]}},
{{multiArray[2][multiIndex[2]]}}
</view>
</picker>
.js
Page({
data:{
multiArray:[["陕西省","广东省"],["西安市","汉中市","延安市"],["雁塔区","长安区"]],
multiIndex:[0,0,0]
},
bindMultiPickerChange:function(e){
console.log("picker发送选择改变,携带值为",e.detail.value)
this.setData({
multiIndex:e.detail.value
})
},
bindMultiPickerColumnChange:function(e){
console.log("修改的列为",e.detail.column,",值为",e.detail.value);
var data={
multiArray:this.data.multiArray,
multiIndex:this.data.multiIndex
};
data.multiIndex[e.detail.column]=e.detail.value;
switch(e.detail.column){
case 0:
switch(data.multiIndex[0]){
case 0:
data.multiArray[1]=["西安市","汉中市","延安市"];
data.multiArray[2]=["雁塔区","长安区"];
break;
case 1:
data.multiArray[1]=["深圳市","珠海市"];
data.multiArray[2]=["南山区","罗湖区"];
break;
}
data.multiIndex[1]=0;
data.multiIndex[2]=0;
break;
case 1:
switch(data.multiIndex[0]){
case 0:
switch(data.multiIndex[1]){
case 0:
data.multiArray[2]=["雁塔区","长安区"];
break;
case 1:
data.multiArray[2]=["汉台区","南郑区"];
break;
case 2:
data.multiArray[2]=["宝塔区","长子县","延川县"];
break;
}
break;
case 1:
switch(data.multiIndex[1]){
case 0:
data.multiArray[2]=["南山区","罗湖区"];
break;
case 1:
data.multiArray[2]=["香洲区","斗门区"];
break;
}
break;
}
data.multiIndex[2]=0;
console.log(data.multiIndex);
break;
}
this.setData(data);
},
})
运行结果:
3、时间、日期选择器
.wxml
<view>
<picker
mode="date"
start="{{startdate}}"
end="{{enddate}}"
value="{{date}}"
bindchange="changedate">
选择的日期:{{date}}
</picker>
</view>
<view>
<picker
mode="time"
start="{{starttime}}"
end="{{endtime}}"
bindchange="changetime">
选择的时间{{time}}
</picker>
</view>
.js
Page({
data:{
startdate:2000,
enddate:2050,
data:'2018',
starttime:'00:00',
endtime:'12:59',
time:'8:00'
},
changedate:function(e){
this.setData({data:e.detail.value});
console.log(e.detail.value)
},
changetime:function(e){
this.setData({time:e.detail.value})
console.log(e.detail.value)
}
})
运行结果:
4、省市选择器
.wxml
<picker
mode="region"
value="{{region}}"
custom-item="{{custom-item}}"
bindchange="changeregion">
选择省市区{{region[0]}},{{region[1]}},{{region[2]}}
</picker>
.js
Page({
data:{
region:['陕西省','西安市','长安区'],
customitme:'全部'
},
changeregion:function(e){
console.log(e.detail.value)
this.setData({
region:e.detail.value
})
},
})
运行结果:
4.4-7、picker-view滚动选择器
picker组件为嵌入页面的滚动选择器。
.wxml
<view>当前日期:{{year}} 年 {{month}} 月 {{day}} 日</view>
<picker-view indicator-style = "height: 50px;" style="width:100%;height:300px;"value="{{value}}" bindchange="bindChange">
<picker-view-column>
<view wx:for="{{years}}" style="line-height: 50px;">{{item}}年</view>
</picker-view-column>
<picker-view-column>
<view wx:for="{{months}}" style="line-height: 50px;">{{item}}月</view>
</picker-view-column>
<picker-view-column>
<view wx:for="{{days}}" style="line-height: 50px;">{{item}}日</view>
</picker-view-column>
</picker-view>
.js
const date = new Date()
const years = []
const months = []
const days = []
for(var i = 1900;i <= 2050;i++){
years.push(i)
}
for(var i = 1;i <= 12;i++){
months.push(i)
}
for(var i = 1;i <= 31;i++){
days.push(i)
}
Page({
data:{
years:years,
months:months,
days:days,
year:date.getFullYear(),
month:date.getMonth()+1,
day:date.getDate(),
value:[118,0,0],
},
bindChange:function(e){
const val = e.detail.value
console.log(val);
this.setData({
year:this.data.years[val[0]],
month:this.data.months[val[1]],
day:this.data.days[val[2]]
})
}
})
运行结果:
4.4-8、input输入框组件
.wxml
<input placeholder = "这是一个可以自动聚集的input" auto-focus/>
<input placeholder="这个只有在按钮点击的时候才会聚焦" focus="{{focus}}"/>
<button bindtap="bindButtonTap">使得输入框获得焦点</button>
<input maxlength = "10" placeholder = "最大输入长度为10"/>
<view class="section_title">你输入的是:{{inputValue}}
<input bindinput = "bindKeyInput" placeholder = "输入同步到view中"/>
</view>
<input bindinput = "bindReplaceInput" placeholder = "连续的两个1会变成2"/>
<input password type = "number"/>
<input password type="text"/>
<input type="digit" placeholder="带小数点的数字键盘"/>
<input type="idcard" placeholder="身份证输入键盘"/>
<input placeholder-style = "color:red" placeholder = "占位符字体是红色的"/>
.js
Page({
data:{
focus:false,
inputValue:""
},
bindButtonTap:function(){
this.setData({
focus:true
})
},
bindkeyInput:function(e){
this.setData({
inputValue:e.detail.value
})
},
bindplaceInput:function(e){
var value = e.detail.value
var pos = e.detail.cursor
if( pos != -1){
var left = e.detail.value.slice(0,pos)
pos = left.replace(/11/g,'2').length
}
return{
value:value.replace(/11/g,'2'),
cursor:pos
}
},
})
运行结果:
4.4-9、textarea多行输入框组件
.wxml
.wxss
运行结果:
4.4-10、labal标签组件
.wxml
<view><checkbox></checkbox>中国</view>
<view><label><checkbox></checkbox>中国</label></view>
<checkbox-group bindchange="cityChange">
<label wx:for="{{citys}}">
<checkbox value="{{item.value}}"checked='{{item.checked}}'>{{item.value}}</checkbox>
</label>
</checkbox-group>
<view>您的选择是:{{city}}</view>
.js
Page({
data:{
citys:[
{name:'km',value:'昆明'},
{name:'sy',value:'三亚'},
{name:'zh',value:'珠海',checked:'true'},
{name:'dl',value:'大连'}
]
},
cityChange:function(e){
console.log(e.detail.value);
var city=e.detail.value;
this.setData({city:city})
}
})
运行结果:
4.4-11、form表单组件
.wxml
<form bindsubmit="formSubmit" bindreset="formReset">
<view>姓名:
<input type="text" name="xm"/>
</view>
<view>性别:
<radio-group name="xb">
<label>
<radio value="男" checked/>男</label>
<label>
<radio value="女"/></label>
</radio-group>
</view>
<view>爱好:
<checkbox-group name="hobby">
<label wx:for="{{hobbies}}">
<checkbox value="{{item.value}}"checked='{{item.checked}}'>{{item.value}}</checkbox>
</label>
</checkbox-group>
</view>
<button form-type="submit">提交</button>
<button form-type="reset">重置</button>
</form>
.js
Page({
hobby:'',
data:{
hobbies:[
{name:'jsj',value:'计算机',checked:'true'},
{name:'music',value:'听音乐'},
{name:'game',value:'玩电竞'},
{name:'swim',value:'游泳',checked:'true'}
]
},
forSubmit:function(e){
console.log('form发生了submit事件,携带数据为:',e.detail.value)
},
formReset:function(){
console.log('form发生了reset事件')
}
})
运行结果:
4.5、多媒体组件
4.5-1、image图像组件
1、缩放模式
.wxml
<block wx:for = "{{modes}}">
<view>当前图片的模式是:{{item}}</view>
<image src="../../images/OIP-C.jpg" mode="{{item}}" style="width: 100%; height: 200px;"/>
</block>
.js
Page({
data:{
modes:['scaleToFill','aspectFit','aspectFill','widthFix']
}
})
运行结果:
2、裁剪模式
.wxml
<block wx:for="{{modes}}">
<view>图片的模式是{{item}} </view>
<image src="/images/OIP-C.jpg" mode="{{item}}" style="height: 40px; width: 40px;"/>
</block>
.js
Page({
data:{
modes:['top','center','bottom','left','right','top_left','top_right','bottom_left','bottom_right']
}
})
运行结果:
4.5-2、audio音频播放组件
.wxml
<audio src="{{src}}" action="{{action}}" poster="{{poster}}" name="{{name}}" author="{{author}}" loop controls ></audio>
<button type="primary" bindtap = 'play'>播放</button>
<button type="primary" bindtap = 'pause'>暂停</button>
<button type="primary" bindtap = 'playRate'>设置速率</button>
<button type="primary" bindtap = 'currentTime'>设置当前时间</button>
.js
Page({
data:{
poster:'http://y.gtimg.cn/music/photo_new/T002R300x300M000003rsKF44GyaSK.jpg? max_age=2592000',
name:'此时此刻',
author:'许巍',
src:'http://ws.stream.qqmusic.qq.com/M500001VfvsJ21xFqb.mp3? guid= ffffffff82def4af4b12b3cd9337d5e7&uin=346897220&vkey =6292F51E1E384E06DCBDC9AB7C49FD713D632D313AC4858BACB8DDD29067D3C601481D36E62053BF8 DFEAF74 C0A5CCFADD6471160CAF3E6A&from tag=46'
},
play:function(){
this.setData({
action:{
method:'play'
}
})
},
play:function(){
this.setData({
action:{
method:'pause'
}
})
},
play:function(){
this.setData({
action:{
method:'setPlaybackRate',
date:10
}
})
console.log('当前速率:'+this.data.action.data)
},
play:function(){
this.setData({
action:{
method:'setCurrentTime',
date:120
}
})
},
})
运行结果:
4.5.3、video视频播放组件
.wxml
<video src="{{src}}" controls ></video>
<view class="btn-area">
<button bindtap = "bindButtonTap">获取视频</button>
</view>
.js
Page({
data:{
src:"",
},
bindButtonTap:function(){
var that = this
wx.chooseVideo({
sourceType:['album','camera'],
maxDuration:60,
camera:['front','back'],
success:function(res){
that.setData({
src:res.tempFilePath
})
}
})
}
})
运行结果:
4.5-4、camera系统相机组件
.wxml
<camera device-position="back" flash="off" binderror="error" style="height: 350px; width: 100%;"></camera>
<button type="primary" bindtap = "takePhoto">拍照</button>
<view>预览</view>
<image src="{{src}}" mode="widthFix"></image>
.js
Page({
takePhoto(){
const ctx = wx.createCameraContext()
ctx.takePhoto({
quality:'high',
success:(res) =>{
this.setDate({
src:res.tempImagePath
})
}
})
},
error(e){
console.log(e.detail)
}
})
运行结果:
4.6、其它组件
4.6-1、map地图路径组件
map组件用于在页面显示地图或路径。不能在croll-view、swiper、picker-view、novable-view组件中使用。
map组件的markers属性用于在地图上显示标记的位置。
map组件的ployline属性用来指定一系列坐标点,从数组第一项连线到最后一项,形成一条路经,可以指定线的颜色、宽度、线型、以及是否带箭头等。
.wxml
.js
运行结果:
4.6-2、canvas图形绘制组件
canvas 组件用来绘制图形, 相当于一块无色透明的普通图布。 canvas 组件本身并没有绘图能力, 仅仅是图形容器, 通过绘图API 实现绘图功能。
.wxml
<canvas canvas-id="myCanvas"style="border:1px solid black" class="txc"></canvas>
.js
Page({
onLoad:function(options){
var ctx=wx.createCanvasContext('myCanvas')
ctx.setFillStyle('green')
ctx.fillRect(0,0,310,200)
ctx.draw()
}
})
.wxss
.txc{
margin: 0 auto;
}
运行结果: