OSPF综合实验

  • 实验拓扑

  • 实验要求

 

  • 实验思路
  1. 给各个设备配置IP地址
  2. R9充当ASBR路由,运行两个OSPF协议
  3. 在配置MGRE环境时,要修改隧道的网络类型
  • 实验步骤
  1. 配置IP
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo ip address 172.16.33.1 24

[r1]interface l0

[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24

[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0      

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.2 24

[r2]interface l0

[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.35.2 24

[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.3 24

[r3]interface l0

[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.36.3 24

[r3]inter Serial 4/0/0 

[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.3 24

[r4]interface Serial 3/0/0 

[r4-Serial3/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.4 24

[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.4 24

[r4]interface Serial 3/0/1

[r4-Serial3/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.4 24

[r4]interface Serial 4/0/0

[r4-Serial4/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.4 24

[r4]interface l0

[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.4 24

r5]interface l0

[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.5 24

[r5]inter Serial 4/0/0

[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 45.0.0.5 24

[r6]interface Serial 4/0/0

[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.6 24

[r6]interface l0

[r6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.6 24

[r6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.1 30

[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0      

[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.7 24

[r7]interface l0  

[r7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.5.7 24

[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.1 30

[r8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.2 30

[r8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.5 30

[r8]interface l0  

[r8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.98.8 24

[r9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.5 30

[r9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.129.1 30

[r9]interface l0

[r9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.130.9 2

[r10]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.129.2 30

[r10]interface l0

[r10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.131.10 24

[r11]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.2 30

[r11]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.65.5 30

[r11]interface l0 

[r11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.66.11 24

[r12]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.5 30

[r12]interface l0 

[r12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.160.12 24

[r12]interface l1

[r12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.161.13 24

二、实现公网互通

   [r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4

   [r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4

   [r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4

   [r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

  

三、配置MGRE

 中心站点

  

[r3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0

[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.3 26

[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3

[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic

[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

分支站点:  

[r5]int Tunnel 0/0/0

[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.3

[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3

[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100  

[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[r6]int Tunnel 0/0/0

[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.6 26

[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source 46.0.0.6

[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[r7]int Tunnel 0/0/0  

[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.7 26

[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source 47.0.0.7

[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

中心站点

分支站点

开启伪广播  

[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic

四 配置私网路由

[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1

[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2

[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.3 0.0.0.0

[r3-ospf-1]a 0

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5

[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255

[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6

[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255

[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11

[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

[12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12

[12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0

[12]rip 1

[12-rip-1]undo summary

[12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0

[12]ospf

[12-ospf-1]import-route rip

[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7

[r7-ospf-1]a 0

[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255

[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8

[r8-ospf-1] a 3

[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9

[r9-ospf-1]a 3

[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.6 0.0.0.0

[r9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9

[r9-ospf-2]a 4

[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0

[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.13.0 0.0.0.255



[r10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10

[r10-ospf-2]a 4

[r10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

在ASBR上重发布进行双向引入

[r9]ospf 1

[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2

[r9]ospf 2    

[r9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1

五、需要修改tunnel接口网络类型为boardcast或者p2mp类型

[r3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0

[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast



[r3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0

[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast



[r5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0



[r6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0

[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0



[r7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0

[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

六、使所有设备都可以访问R4环回

[r3]acl 2000

[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r3]interface Serial 4/0/0

[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[r5]acl 2000

[r5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r5]interface Serial 4/0/0

[r5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

七、减少LSA的更新量,汇总路由,配置特殊区域

  [r3]ospf 1

[r3-ospf-1]a 1

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0

[r6]ospf

[r6-ospf-1]a 2

[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0

[r7]ospf 1

[r7-ospf-1]a 3

[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0

[r9]ospf 1

[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0

[12]ospf 1

[12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0

[r1]ospf 1

[r1-ospf-1]a 1

[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub

[r2]ospf 1

[r2-ospf-1]a 1

[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub

[r3]ospf 1

[r3-ospf-1]a 1

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[r1]ospf 1

[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub

[r3]ospf 1

[r3-ospf-1]a 1

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[r6]ospf 1

[r6-ospf-1]a 2

[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[r2]ospf 1

[r2-ospf-1]a 1

[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub

[r11]ospf 1

[r11-ospf-1]a 2

[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa

[12]ospf 1

[12-ospf-1] A 2

[12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]NSSA

[r7]ospf 1

[r7-ospf-1]a 3

[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[r8]ospf 1

[r8-ospf-1]a 3

[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa

[r9]ospf 1



[r9-ospf-1]default-route-advertise

[r9]ospf 2

[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

八、加快收敛

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[r1]interface Tunnel 0/0/0

[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[r5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0

[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[r6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0

[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[r7]inter Tunnel 0/0/0

[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[r9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

九、保证更新安全

[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 null 0

[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 null 0

[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 null 0

[12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 null 0

[r1]ospf 1

[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md 5 cipher 123

[r2]ospf 1

[r2-ospf-1]a 1

[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md 5 cipher 123

[r3-ospf-1]a 1

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md 5 cipher 123





OSPF(开放最短路径优先)是一种用于路由的动态路由协议,它是根据路由器之间的链路状态来计算最短路径的。 在一个OSPF综合实验案例中,可以模拟一个复杂的网络拓扑,包括多个路由器和连接它们的链路。假设有5个路由器A、B、C、D和E,它们之间通过不同的链路相连。 首先,需要配置每个路由器上的OSPF进程,并为它们分配一个路由器ID。然后,在每个链路上配置正确的IP地址和子网掩码。接下来,通过在OSPF进程中启用不同的区域,将路由器分成不同的区域。 然后,需要配置每个路由器之间的OSPF邻居关系。这可以通过指定邻居的路由器ID和链路上的IP地址来完成。路由器之间的邻居关系建立后,它们将开始交换链路状态信息(LSA)。 每个路由器将根据接收到的LSA计算自己的链路状态数据库(LSDB)。然后,通过运行Dijkstra算法,每个路由器将计算出到达其他路由器的最短路径。最后,每个路由器将根据最短路径选择相应的接口进行路由。 在这个实验案例中,还可以模拟链路故障的情况,观察OSPF的快速收敛性。当某个链路出现故障时,路由器将发送通告信息给邻居,通知它们链路状态已经改变。邻居将更新自己的LSDB,并重新计算最短路径。 通过这个综合实验案例,可以深入了解OSPF协议的工作原理和功能。同时,还可以通过观察实验结果,了解OSPF网络中的优势和效率。这些知识和经验将帮助网络工程师更好地设计、优化和故障排除复杂的网络拓扑。
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