直方图
导入模块
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
下面生成10000个随机数
random_state1 = np.random.RandomState(19680801)
random_x1 = random_state1.randn(10000)
再生成20000个随机数
random_state2 = np.random.RandomState(19680801)
random_x2 = random_state2.randn(20000)
使用hist()绘制包含25个矩形条的两组直方图,并排展示(当x有多组数组时,拼成列表、元组等都可以)
plt.hist([random_x1,random_x2],bins=25)
展示图表
plt.show()
圆环图
plt.pie(money_scale,
wedgeprops={'width':0.5}, #楔形宽度(wedgeprops)设为0.5
pctdistance=3/4, #表示扇形或楔形对应的数值标签距离圆心的比例,默认是0.6,这里为了使数值位于楔形中间位置
labels=kinds, #表示扇形或楔形对应的标签文本
autopct='%3.1f%%', #使数值标签精确到小数点后一位
startangle=180) #表示起始绘制角度,默认从x轴的正方形逆时针绘制,这里为了把购物类绘制到了左下角
# 展示圆环图
plt.show()
散点图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
x_speed = np.arange(10, 210, 10)
y_distance = np.array([0.5, 2.0, 4.4, 7.9, 12.3,
17.7, 24.1, 31.5, 39.9, 49.2,
59.5, 70.8, 83.1, 96.4, 110.7,
126.0, 142.2, 159.4, 177.6, 196.8])
area=np.linspace(20,300,20)
plt.scatter(x_speed,y_distance,
s=area,
alpha=0.9,
c='orange')
plt.show()
误差棒图
导入模块并设置中文
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
准备x轴和y轴的数据
x = np.arange(3)
y1 = np.array([2.04,1.57,1.63])
y2 = np.array([1.69,1.61,1.64])
y3 = np.array([4.65,4.99,4.94])
y4 = np.array([3.39,2.33,4.10])
指定测量偏差
error1 = [0.16,0.08,0.10]
error2 = [0.27,0.14,0.14]
error3 = [0.34,0.32,0.29]
error4 = [0.23,0.23,0.39]
bar_width = 0.2 #棒的宽度
绘制柱形图
plt.bar(x,y1,bar_width)
plt.bar(x + bar_width,y2,bar_width,align="center",tick_label=["春季","夏季","秋季"])
plt.bar(x + 2*bar_width,y3,bar_width)
plt.bar(x + 3*bar_width,y4,bar_width)
使用errorbar()绘制误差棒图,fmt不指定点就会连成线
plt.errorbar(x,y1,
yerr=error1,
capsize=3, #横杆大小
elinewidth=2, #线条宽度
fmt='k,') #线条颜色,数据点标记为像素点
plt.errorbar(x + bar_width,y2,yerr=error2,capsize=3,elinewidth=2,fmt='k,')
plt.errorbar(x + 2*bar_width,y3,yerr=error3,capsize=3,elinewidth=2,fmt='k,')
plt.errorbar(x + 3*bar_width,y4,yerr=error4,capsize=3,elinewidth=2,fmt='k,')
展示误差棒图
plt.show()
# 导入模块并设置中文
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
# 准备x轴和y轴的数据
x = np.arange(3)
y1 = np.array([2.04,1.57,1.63])
y2 = np.array([1.69,1.61,1.64])
y3 = np.array([4.65,4.99,4.94])
y4 = np.array([3.39,2.33,4.10])
# 指定测量偏差
error1 = [0.16,0.08,0.10]
error2 = [0.27,0.14,0.14]
error3 = [0.34,0.32,0.29]
error4 = [0.23,0.23,0.39]
bar_width = 0.2 #棒的宽度
# 绘制柱形图
plt.bar(x,y1,bar_width)
plt.bar(x + bar_width,y2,bar_width,align="center",tick_label=["春季","夏季","秋季"])
plt.bar(x + 2*bar_width,y3,bar_width)
plt.bar(x + 3*bar_width,y4,bar_width)
# 使用errorbar()绘制误差棒图,fmt不指定点就会连成线
plt.errorbar(x,y1,
yerr=error1,
capsize=3, #横杆大小
elinewidth=2, #线条宽度
fmt='k,') #线条颜色,数据点标记为像素点
plt.errorbar(x + bar_width,y2,yerr=error2,capsize=3,elinewidth=2,fmt='k,')
plt.errorbar(x + 2*bar_width,y3,yerr=error3,capsize=3,elinewidth=2,fmt='k,')
plt.errorbar(x + 3*bar_width,y4,yerr=error4,capsize=3,elinewidth=2,fmt='k,')
# 展示误差棒图
plt.show()