静态路由实验

 一.实验要求：

1.除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24，其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分；
2.R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口，模拟PC，地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内；
3.R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问；
4.全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量，避免环路；
5.R4与R5间，正常1000M链路通信，故障时自动改为100M；

二.实验分析

1.先进行合理的网段划分，再配置IP地址

192.168.1.0/24  划分5个大网段

（1）192.168.1.0000 0000-----192.168.1.0/27----6条链路

1. 192.168.1.0000 0000-----192.168.1.0/30
2. 192.168.1.0000 0100-----192.168.1.4/30
3. 192.168.1.0000 1000-----192.168.1.8/30
4. 192.168.1.0000 1100-----192.168.1.12/30
5. 192.168.1.0001 0000-----192.168.1.16/30
6. 192.168.1.0001 0100-----192.168.1.20/30
7. 192.168.1.0001 1000
8. 192.168.1.0001 1100

（2）

192.168.1.0010 0000-----192.168.1.32/27----R1环回口

192.168.1.0010 0000----192.168.1.32/28---L0

192.168.1.0011 0000----192.168.1.48/28---L1

（3）

192.168.1.0100 0000-----192.168.1.64/27----R2环回口

192.168.1.0100 0000----192.168.1.64/28---L0

192.168.1.0101 0000----192.168.1.80/28---L1

（4）

192.168.1.0110 0000-----192.168.1.96/27----R3环回口

192.168.1.0110 0000----192.168.1.96/28---L0

192.168.1.0111 0000----192.168.1.112/28---L1

（5）

192.168.1.1000 0000-----192.168.1.128/27----R4环回口

192.168.1.1000 0000----192.168.1.128/28---L0

192.168.1.1001 0000----192.168.1.144/28---L1

2、编写除了到达 5.5.5.0/24 之外，到达其他网段的静态路由

3、配置缺省路由，实现 5.5.5.0/24 互通，至此实现全网通，并测试

4、防环，做黑洞路由配置

5、做备份，通过改变路由条目优先级实现.

6、测试，观察 1000Mb/s 链路故障时，数据能否走 100Mb/s 链路。

三.实验步骤

1.配置IP地址

R1

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30

[R1]int g0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30

[R1]int LoopBack 0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28

[R1]int LoopBack 1

[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28

R2

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30

[R2]int g0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30

[R2]int LoopBack 0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28

[R2]int LoopBack 1

[R2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28

R3

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.13 30

[R3]int g0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.6 30

[R3]int LoopBack 0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28

[R3]int LoopBack 1

[R3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28

R4

[R4]int g0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30

[R4]int g0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30

[R4]int g0/0/2

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30

[R4]int g4/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30

[R4]int LoopBack 0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28

[R4]int LoopBack 1

[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28

R5

[R5]int g0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30

[[R5]int g0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.22 30

[R5]int LoopBack 0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 5.5.5.1 24

2.配置静态路由

R1

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

R2

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10

R3

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14

R4

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

R5

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21

3、配置缺省路由，实现 5.5.5.0/24 互通

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

4.防环

[R1]ip route-static  192.168.1.32 27 null0

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 null0

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 null0

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 null0

5.做备份，通过改变路由条目优先级实现

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

6.测试，观察 1000Mb/s 链路故障时，数据能否走 100Mb/s 链路。

[R4]int g0/0/2

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]shutdown

[R1]tracert 5.5.5.1

关闭千兆接口前:

 关闭千兆接口后:

 四.实验总结

想要做出静态路由实验要求我们能清楚了解路由器的工作原理，给网路设备划分和配置IP地址，深入了解静态路由的知识