五分钟教你学会--如何使用PXE服务实现自动安装系统

懒雪娇

已于 2024-08-04 18:27:59 修改

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文章标签：运维 linux centos

于 2024-08-04 18:24:55 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2302_78255835/article/details/140909371

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虚机镜像：rhel-server-7.9-x86_64-dvd

取消DHCP自动分配：

# yum install system-config-kickstart
# system-config-kickstart

# yum install httpd -y
# df -h
# ln -s /rhel7/ /var/www/html
# cd /var/www/html
# ls
rhel7
# mkdir /rhel7
# umount /dev/sr0
# mount /dev/sr0 /rhel7

[root@localhost tftpboot]# yum search pxelinux    #搜索pxe服务
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

=================================== Matched: pxelinux ====================================
syslinux.x86_64 : Simple kernel loader which boots from a FAT filesystem
syslinux-extlinux.x86_64 : The EXTLINUX bootloader, for booting the local system.
syslinux-tftpboot.noarch : SYSLINUX modules in /var/lib/tftpboot, available for network
                         : booting
[root@localhost tftpboot]# yum install syslinux.x86_64    #下载syslinux.x86_64
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Package syslinux-4.05-15.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@localhost tftpboot]# rpm -ql syslinux.x86_64 | less   #查询相关服务文件
[root@localhost tftpboot]# yum install tftp-server.x86_64 -y  #下载tftp包
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Package tftp-server-5.2-22.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@localhost tftpboot]# rpm -ql tftp-server.x86_64    #查询相关服务文件
/etc/xinetd.d/tftp
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket
/usr/sbin/in.tftpd
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/CHANGES
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/README
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/README.security
/usr/share/man/man8/in.tftpd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/tftpd.8.gz
/var/lib/tftpboot
[root@localhost tftpboot]# systemctl enable --now tftp  #设置开机自启并启动
[root@localhost tftpboot]# df     #查看挂载
Filesystem            1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs               12364044       0  12364044   0% /dev
tmpfs                  12381076       0  12381076   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  12381076   12980  12368096   1% /run
tmpfs                  12381076       0  12381076   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root  36678148 4954276  31723872  14% /
/dev/sda1               1038336  187256    851080  19% /boot
tmpfs                   2476216      32   2476184   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                4420474 4420474         0 100% /rhel7
[root@localhost tftpboot]#  cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot  #复制
[root@localhost tftpboot]#  cp /rhel7/isolinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot    #复制
[root@localhost tftpboot]#  cd /var/lib/tftpboot  
[root@localhost tftpboot]# ls
boot.cat  grub.conf   isolinux.bin  memtest     pxelinux.cfg  TRANS.TBL    vesamenu.c32
boot.msg  initrd.img  isolinux.cfg  pxelinux.0  splash.png    upgrade.img  vmlinuz
[root@localhost tftpboot]# mkdir pxelinux.cfg
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp isolinux.cfg pxelinux.cfg/default
[root@localhost tftpboot]#  vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
# dhcpd.conf
#
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
#

# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "timinglee.org";      
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.
#ddns-update-style none;

# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;

# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;

# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.

#subnet 10.152.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
#}

# This is a very basic subnet declaration.

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.0.130 192.168.0.140;
  option routers 192.168.0.2;
  next-server 192.168.0.132;    #找下一个文件
  filename "pxelinux.0";        #文件指定名称
}
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost tftpboot]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default vesamenu.c32
timeout 30    #修改下时间啦~

display boot.msg

# Clear the screen when exiting the menu, instead of leaving the menu displayed.
# For vesamenu, this means the graphical background is still displayed without
# the menu itself for as long as the screen remains in graphics mode.
menu clear
menu background splash.png
menu title Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9
menu vshift 8
menu rows 18
menu margin 8
#menu hidden
menu helpmsgrow 15
menu tabmsgrow 13

# Border Area
menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none

# Selected item
menu color sel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Title bar
menu color title 0 #ff7ba3d0 #00000000 none

# Press [Tab] message
menu color tabmsg 0 #ff3a6496 #00000000 none

# Unselected menu item
menu color unsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none

# Selected hotkey
menu color hotsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none

# Unselected hotkey
menu color hotkey 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Help text
menu color help 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# A scrollbar of some type? Not sure.
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #ff355594 none

# Timeout msg
menu color timeout 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color timeout_msg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Command prompt text
menu color cmdmark 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
menu color cmdline 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Do not display the actual menu unless the user presses a key. All that is displayed is a timeout message.

menu tabmsg Press Tab for full configuration options on menu items.

menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line

label linux
  menu label ^Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux huolahuolahuola   #修改了一下下名字
  menu default    #下面label check 板块内移上来的
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img repo=http://192.168.0.132/rhel7 ks=http://192.168.0.132/ks.cfg quiet  #指定镜像位置和ks.cfg位置

label check
  menu label Test this ^media & install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=RHEL-7.9\x20Server.x86_64 rd.live.check quiet
menu separator # insert an empty line

# utilities submenu
menu begin ^Troubleshooting
  menu title Troubleshooting

label vesa
  menu indent count 5
  menu label Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9 in ^basic graphics mode
  text help
        Try this option out if you're having trouble installing
        Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9.
  endtext
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=RHEL-7.9\x20Server.x86_64 xdriver=vesa nomodeset quiet

label rescue
  menu indent count 5
  menu label ^Rescue a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system
  text help
        If the system will not boot, this lets you access files
        and edit config files to try to get it booting again.
  endtext
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=RHEL-7.9\x20Server.x86_64 rescue quiet

label memtest
  menu label Run a ^memory test
  text help
        If your system is having issues, a problem with your
        system's memory may be the cause. Use this utility to
        see if the memory is working correctly.
 endtext
  kernel memtest

menu separator # insert an empty line

label local
  menu label Boot from ^local drive
  localboot 0xffff

menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line

label returntomain
  menu label Return to ^main menu
  menu exit

menu end
[root@localhost tftpboot]# systemctl restart httpd    #重启服务
[root@localhost tftpboot]# systemctl restart dhcpd

再测试：

安装一个check机，打开时：