实验报告
一 实验要求
1、R4为ISP,其上只配置IP地址;R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP;
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;除了R12有两个环回,其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回;
5、减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;
6、全网可达;
二·如图实验拓扑
三·实验思路
- 先对每个ip进行划分,然后划分各个区域的IP段,最后划出环回
- 配置静态缺省和ospf协议内网互通以及公网互通
- 通过搭建MGRE环境实现全网互通
- 配置NAT全网可达
四 实验配置
- 对ip进行配置,划分ip
R1:
R2:
R3:
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
R10
R11
R12
- 使用静态路由实现公网通
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4
[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4
如图可知实现全网通
(3)配置私网通
·区域1私网ospf的宣告
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255
·区域2私网ospf的宣告
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]v 2
[R12-rip-1]undo summary
[R12-rip-1]net 172.16.0.0
[R12-rip-1]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip(使用rip协议)
·区域3私网ospf的宣告
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255
·区域4重启进程尝试全网通
[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-2]a 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.128.0 0.0.31.255
再次基础上从区域边路由器R9使用OSPF
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]imp
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]im
[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
如此宣告完毕
- 接下来我们开始配置以R3为中心站点的MGRE环境
·中心站点: [R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.3 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
·分支站点:
[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.5
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.6 24
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[R6Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.7 24
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
R3已学习表如下:
·配置OSPF传递私网路由
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
如图所示R3 OSPF 配置完成
·对DR BDR 进行选举~~~~关闭5.6.7选举DR
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
如此实现全网通
接下来任意ping路由器的环回检查全网通
接下来要让所以设备访问R4环回,在此处可以用NAT技术的EASY IP
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R5-acl-basic-2000]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000 //如果R5里面有需要配置的设备,因为路由器配置有静态缺省所以这条配不配都可以
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]out
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
(5)我先做路线优化,先跳过此步骤
(减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全)
首先在这先做路由聚合
区域间聚合
区域1:
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
区域2:
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
区域3:
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
域外:
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
我们来观察R5聚合后的网段信息如下
防环:
[R3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
[R6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[R9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
[R12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0
·特殊区域:
划分区域1:totally stub区域,
划分区域2:NSSA区域
划分区域3:totally NSSA区域
划分区域1:
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1] a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
划分区域2:
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
划分区域3:
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
如图观察表格
R1:
R11:
R7:
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise
如此全网通达
加快收敛可以这么打;
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
防止邻居断联:
保障更新安全因此要做区域安全:
区域2:
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher qxb233(密码)
[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1] a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher qxb233
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher qxb233
尽量快速做单区域安全认证防止邻居断联:
区域1:
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher qxb233
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher qxb233
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher qxb233
区域3:
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher qxb233
[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher qxb233
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher qxb233
如图验证,至此实验结束