【数据结构】线段树

最大数

最大数
两种操作：

1. 添加操作：向序列后添加一个数，序列长度变成 $n+1$；
2. 询问操作：询问这个序列中最后 $L$ 个数中最大的数是多少。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
int m,p;
struct Tree{
    int l,r;ll v;
}tr[800001];

void pushup(int id){
    tr[id].v=max(tr[id*2].v,tr[id*2+1].v);
}

void bui(int id,int l,int r){
   // cout<<l<<" "<<r<<endl;
    tr[id]={l,r,0};
    if(l==r){
        tr[id].v=0;
        return ;
    }
    int mid=l+r>>1;
    bui(id*2,l,mid);
    bui(id*2+1,mid+1,r);
    pushup(id);
}

ll query(int id,int x,int y){
    if(x<=tr[id].l&&tr[id].r<=y){
        return tr[id].v;
    }
    int mid=tr[id].l+tr[id].r>>1;
    ll res=0;
    if(x<=mid)res=max(res,query(id*2,x,y));
    if(y>=mid+1)res=max(res,query(id*2+1,x,y));
    return res;
}

void modify(int id,int x,ll k){
    if(tr[id].l==x&&tr[id].r==x){
        tr[id].v=k;
        return ;
    }

    int mid=(tr[id].l+tr[id].r)>>1;
    if(x<=mid)modify(id*2,x,k);
    if(x>=mid+1)modify(id*2+1,x,k);
    pushup(id);
}


int main(){
    cin>>m>>p;
    ll last =0;
    int len=0;

    bui(1,0,200000);
    while(m--){
        char a;
        cin>>a;
        if(a=='Q'){
            int l;cin>>l;
            last=query(1,len-l+1,len);
            //len-len+l-1+1
            cout<<last<<endl;
        }
        else {
            ll t;
            cin>>t;
            modify(1,len+1,(t+last)%p);
            len++;
        }
    }

}

最大连续字段和

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

const int N = 500010;

int n, m;
int w[N];
struct Node
{
    int l, r;
    int sum, lmax, rmax, tmax;
}tr[N * 4];

void pushup(Node &u, Node &l, Node &r)
{
    u.sum = l.sum + r.sum;
    u.lmax = max(l.lmax, l.sum + r.lmax);
    u.rmax = max(r.rmax, r.sum + l.rmax);
    u.tmax = max(max(l.tmax, r.tmax), l.rmax + r.lmax);
}

void pushup(int u)
{
    pushup(tr[u], tr[u << 1], tr[u << 1 | 1]);
}

void build(int u, int l, int r)
{
    if (l == r) tr[u] = {l, r, w[r], w[r], w[r], w[r]};
    else
    {
        tr[u] = {l, r};
        int mid = l + r >> 1;
        build(u << 1, l, mid), build(u << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r);
        pushup(u);
    }
}

void modify(int u, int x, int v)
{
    if (tr[u].l == x && tr[u].r == x) tr[u] = {x, x, v, v, v, v};
    else
    {
        int mid = tr[u].l + tr[u].r >> 1;
        if (x <= mid) modify(u << 1, x, v);
        else modify(u << 1 | 1, x, v);
        pushup(u);
    }
}

Node query(int u, int l, int r)
{
    if (tr[u].l >= l && tr[u].r <= r) return tr[u];
    else
    {
        int mid = tr[u].l + tr[u].r >> 1;
        if (r <= mid) return query(u << 1, l, r);
        else if (l > mid) return query(u << 1 | 1, l, r);
        else
        {
            auto left = query(u << 1, l, r);
            auto right = query(u << 1 | 1, l, r);
            Node res;
            pushup(res, left, right);
            return res;
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) scanf("%d", &w[i]);
    build(1, 1, n);

    int k, x, y;
    while (m -- )
    {
        scanf("%d%d%d", &k, &x, &y);
        if (k == 1)
        {
            if (x > y) swap(x, y);
            printf("%d\n", query(1, x, y).tmax);
        }
        else modify(1, x, y);
    }

    return 0;
}

区间最大公约数 差分

d=(a1,a2,a3,…)=(a1,a2-a1,a3-a2,…)

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

typedef long long LL;

const int N = 500010;

int n, m;
LL w[N];
struct Node
{
    int l, r;
    LL sum, d;
}tr[N * 4];

LL gcd(LL a, LL b)
{
    return b ? gcd(b, a % b) : a;
}

void pushup(Node &u, Node &l, Node &r)
{
    u.sum = l.sum + r.sum;
    u.d = gcd(l.d, r.d);
}

void pushup(int u)
{
    pushup(tr[u], tr[u << 1], tr[u << 1 | 1]);
}

void build(int u, int l, int r)
{
    if (l == r)
    {
        LL b = w[r] - w[r - 1];
        tr[u] = {l, r, b, b};
    }
    else
    {
        tr[u].l = l, tr[u].r = r;
        int mid = l + r >> 1;
        build(u << 1, l, mid), build(u << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r);
        pushup(u);
    }
}

void modify(int u, int x, LL v)
{
    if (tr[u].l == x && tr[u].r == x)
    {
        LL b = tr[u].sum + v;
        tr[u] = {x, x, b, b};
    }
    else
    {
        int mid = tr[u].l + tr[u].r >> 1;
        if (x <= mid) modify(u << 1, x, v);
        else modify(u << 1 | 1, x, v);
        pushup(u);
    }
}

Node query(int u, int l, int r)
{
    if (tr[u].l >= l && tr[u].r <= r) return tr[u];
    else
    {
        int mid = tr[u].l + tr[u].r >> 1;
        if (r <= mid) return query(u << 1, l, r);
        else if (l > mid) return query(u << 1 | 1, l, r);
        else
        {
            auto left = query(u << 1, l, r);
            auto right = query(u << 1 | 1, l, r);
            Node res;
            pushup(res, left, right);
            return res;
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) scanf("%lld", &w[i]);
    build(1, 1, n);

    int l, r;
    LL d;
    char op[2];
    while (m -- )
    {
        scanf("%s%d%d", op, &l, &r);
        if (*op == 'Q')
        {
            auto left = query(1, 1, l);
            Node right({0, 0, 0, 0});
            if (l + 1 <= r) right = query(1, l + 1, r);
            printf("%lld\n", abs(gcd(left.sum, right.d)));
        }
        else
        {
            scanf("%lld", &d);
            modify(1, l, d);
            if (r + 1 <= n) modify(1, r + 1, -d);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}