OSPF综合实验-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2302_81688814/article/details/140534932

一.实验内容

二.IP划分

172.16.0.0/16

1.先分成2个网段（OSPF + RIP），借1位

172.16.0.0/17 ---OSPF

2.再按区域划分（5个区域），借3位

Area 0
172.16.0.0/20

三个环回 + MGRE = 4个网段

172.16.0.0/24 ---MGRE

172.16.1.0/24 ---R5环回

172.16.2.0/24 ---R6环回

172.16.3.0/24 ---R7环回

Area 1
172.16.16.0/20

三个环回 + 一个骨干 = 4个网段

172.16.16.0/24 ---Area 1骨干

Area1需要3个IP地址，所以到29位

172.16.16.1/29 ---R1接口

172.16.16.2/29 ---R2接口

172.16.16.3/29 ---R3接口

172.16.17.0/24 ---R1环回

172.16.18.0/24 ---R2环回

172.16.19.0/24 ---R3环回

Area 2
172.16.32.0/20

1个环回+2个骨干

172.16.32.0/24 ---R11环回

172.16.33.0/30 ---R6-R11

172.16.33.4/30 ---R11-R12

Area 3
172.16.48.0/20

1个环回+2个骨干

172.16.48.0/24 ---R8环回

172.16.49.0/30 ---R7-R8

172.16.49.4/30 ---R8-R9

Area 4
172.16.64.0/20

2个环回+1个骨干

172.16.64.0/24 ---R9环回

172.16.65.0/24 ---R10环回

172.16.66.0/30 ---R9-R10

172.16.128.0/17 ---RIP

2个环回

172.16.128.0/18

172.16.192.0/18

三.配置各设备IP

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r1
[r1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.16.1 29
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.17.1 24
R2
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r2
[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.16.2 29
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.18.1 24
R3
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r3
[r3]int g 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.16.3 29
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.19.1 24
[r3-LoopBack0]int s 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24
R4
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r4
[r4]int g 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int s 4/0/0
[r4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24
[r4-Serial4/0/0]int s 4/0/1
[r4-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24
[r4-Serial4/0/1]int s 3/0/0
[r4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.4 24
[r4-Serial3/0/0]int l0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32
R5
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r5
[r5]int s 4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24
[r5-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.1.1 24
R6
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r6
[r6]int s 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24
[r6-Serial4/0/0]int g 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 30
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.1 24
R7
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r7
[r7]int g 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.1 24
[r7-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.49.1 30
R8
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r8
[r8]int g 0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.49.2 30
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.49.5 30
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.48.1 24
R9
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r9
[r9]int g 0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.49.6 30
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.64.1 24
[r9-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.66.1 30
R10
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r10
[r10]int g 0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.66.2 30
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.65.1 24
R11
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r11
[r11]int g 0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 30
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.33.5 30
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.32.1 24
R12
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r12
[r12]int g 0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.6 30
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.128.1 18
[r12-LoopBack0]int l1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.192.1 18

四.搭建R3-R5,R6,R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点

R3为中心站点

[r3]int t 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.1 24
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic -----说明中心站点
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4

[r5]int t 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.2 24
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register ----向中心站点R3汇报
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4

R6 [r6]int t 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.3 24
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register ----向中心站点R3汇报
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
R7
[r7]int t 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.4 24
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register ----向中心站点R3汇报
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

五.配置各区域OSPF

Area0

R3[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]int t 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp ----将接口配置改p2mp类型
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1 ------减少Hello时间
[r3]int l0
[r3-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast ---将环回类型改为broadcast
R5
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]int t 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp----将接口配置改p2mp类型
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1------减少Hello时间与死亡时间
R6
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.3 0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.1 0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]int t 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp----将接口配置改p2mp类型
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1-----减少Hello时间
R7
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]int t 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp----将接口配置改p2mp类型
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1----减少Hello时间

Area1

R1
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
[r1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1------减少Hello时间
R2
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1------减少Hello时间
R3
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.16.0 0.15.255.255
[r3]int g 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1-----减少Hello时间

Area2(R12需要配置RIP)

R6
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.33.1 0.0.0.0
[r6]int g 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1 ----减少Hello时间
R11
[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
[r11]int g 0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1---减少Hello时间
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1---减少Hello时间
R12(需要配置RIP)
[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.33.6 0.0.0.0
[r12]int g 0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1---减少Hello时间

配置RIP

[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[r12-ospf-1]q
[r12]rip 1
[r12-rip-1]ver 2
[r12-rip-1]undo summary
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0 8

Area3

R7
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.49.1 0.0.0.0
[r7]int g 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1----减少Hello时间
R8
[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
[r8]int g 0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1---减少Hello时间
[r8]int g 0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1---减少Hello时间
R9(OSPF进程1）
[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.49.6 0.0.0.0
[r9]int g 0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1----减少Hello时间

Area4(R9上要做不同OSPF进程的配置)

R9(OSPF进程2）
[r9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-2]area 4
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.64.0 0.15.255.255
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1---减少Hello时间
R10
[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]area 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
[r10]int g 0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1----减少Hello时间

六.R9与R12做重发布配置

R9
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[r9-ospf-1]q
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
R12
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
[r12-ospf-1]q
[r12]rip 1
[r12-rip-1]import-route ospf 1

七.优化

1.路由汇总（在边界设备R3,R6,R7,R9,R12上做）

R3
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.16.0 255.255.240.0
R6
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.240.0
R7
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.48.0 255.255.240.0
R9
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.240.0----域外路由汇总
R12
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.128.0---域外路由汇总

2.特殊区域

Area1（Totally Stub）
R1
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
R2
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
R3
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
Area2(Totally NSSA)
R6
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
R11
[r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
R12
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
Area3(Totally NSSA)
R7
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
R8
[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
R9
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise----下发一个缺省路由，不然R10中既没有缺省路由，也没有其他路由

3.保障更新安全，设备间做认证

接口认证

R9
[r9]int g 0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
R10
[r10]int g 0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

区域认证

R1
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
R2
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
R3
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

八.所有设备均可访问R4的环回(做NAT)

[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.16.0 0.0.15.255
[r3-acl-basic-2000]q
[r3]int s 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
R6
[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.32.0 0.0.15.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.128.0 0.0.254.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]q
[r6]int s 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
R7
[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.48.0 0.0.15.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.64.0 0.0.15.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]q
[r7]int g 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000