-
电源管理
-
Kickstart服务支持
-
YUM仓库管理
-
TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
-
Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)
=======================================================================
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler
| 配置文件 | 作用 |
| — | — |
| /etc/cobbler/settings | cobbler 主配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/iso/ | iso模板配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/pxe | pxe模板配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/power | 电源配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/user.conf | web服务授权配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/users.digest | web访问的用户名密码配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template | dhcp服务器的的配置模板 |
| /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template | dns服务器的配置模板 |
| /etc/cobbler/tftpd.template | tftp服务的配置模板 |
| /etc/cobbler/modules.conf | 模块的配置文件 |
=====================================================================
| | 作用 |
| :-: | :-: |
| /var/lib/cobbler/config/ | 用于存放distros，system，profiles等信息配置文件 |
| /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/ | 用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令 |
| /var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/ | 默认存放kickstart文件 |
| /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ | 存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录 |
| /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ | 导入的发行版系统的所有数据 |
| /var/www/cobbler/images/ | 导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动 |
| /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/ | yum仓库存储目录 |
=====================================================================
| 日志文件路径 | 说明 |
| :-: | :-: |
| /var/log/cobbler/installing | 客户端安装日志 |
| /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log | cobbler日志 |
- cobbler命令详解
cobbler check //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile //查看配置信息
======================================================================
- 配置yum源(网络源)
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 1572 100 1572 0 0 2687 0 --:–:-- --:–:-- --:–:-- 2691
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS7-Base-163.repo redhat.repo xx.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i ‘s/$releasever/7/g’ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i ‘s/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g’ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
- 安装epel-release源
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
已加载插件：product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
base | 3.6 kB 00:00
centosplus | 3.4 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
……
安装过程省略
- 安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart
已加载插件：product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
安装过程省略
……
- 启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
- 修改server的ip、tfftp地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i ‘s/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.170.14/’ /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i ‘s/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.170.14/’ /etc/cobbler/settings
- 开启tftp
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i ‘/disable/s/yes/no/g’ /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
[root@localhost ~]#
- 下载缺失文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2019-08-29_172318_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 29 17:23:18 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
- 启动rsync并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 :
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 :
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 :
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 :
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 ::😗
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 ::😗
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 ::😗
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 ::😗
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 ::😗
- 生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt “$RANDOM” ‘123456’
$1$4083$9jFt/kdeFNmOe4QlSuV4D.
- 将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
… //此处为省略内容
default_password_crypted: “$1 28958 28958 28958sq1sJFDX0bZo.H8Q.8NLg0”
… //此处为省略内容
- 重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 :
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 :
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 :
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 :
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 ::😗
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 ::😗
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 ::😗
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 ::😗
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 ::😗
- 通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
以上两个是关于debian系统的错误，请忽略
-
配置cobbler dhcp
-
修改cobbler配置文件，让cobbler控制dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
… //此处为省略内容
subnet 192.168.170.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.170.2; //服务器端的网关
option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8; //此处为系统安装好后指定的dns地址
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.170.100 192.168.170.200; 分配的地址池
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
… //此处为省略内容
- 重启服务并同步配置，改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2019-08-29_184616_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 29 18:46:16 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-27-5d-16
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-3a-17-d2
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-27-5D-16
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-3A-17-D2
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-3a-17-d2
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-3A-17-D2
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
- 检查dhcp是否正常
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 12692/dhcpd
- 导入redhat7镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/cdrom --name=rhel-7 arch=x86_64
task started: 2019-08-29_171616_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Aug 29 17:16:16 2019)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7:
creating new distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/rhel-7-x86_64
creating new profile: rhel-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7 for rhel-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/repodata/comps.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability/repodata/comps.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata/comps.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
//说明：
–path //镜像路径
–name //为安装源定义一个名字
–arch //指定安装源平台
安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-7-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败
- 查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
rhel-7-x86_64
profiles:
rhel-7-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
- 创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks <<‘EOF’
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype=“ext4” --size=500
part swap --fstype=“swap” --size=4096
part / --fstype=“ext4” --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://172.16.12.128/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot
rootpw --iscrypted $6 2 W T F v f N v A M g C U P u C 2WTFvfNvAMgCUPuC 2WTFvfNvAMgCUPuCMJgWGzhakgxrRObcEbAwSe8vkz0s//xyiTllGwxRsHHruQhcskO69u2LVTU9u0eemHXH2pzcGawyAJ54R2E/x0
selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr
%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb=‘auto’
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end
EOF
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2019-08-29_172202_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Thu Aug 29 17:22:02 2019)
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.170.14/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v “rhel7” “http://192.168.170.14/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64”
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
- 检查ks文件语法是否有误
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
rhel-7-x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kopts=‘net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0’
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name : rhel-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : rhel-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {‘biosdevname’: ‘0’, ‘net.ifnames’: ‘0’}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : [‘admin’]
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <>
Red Hat Management Server : <>
Repos : []
Server Override : <>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
- 查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
Centos-7-x86_64
- 修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
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[外链图片转存中…(img-dvvGSKsB-1713522620728)]
[外链图片转存中…(img-fJoLiYtJ-1713522620728)]
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千千万万要记得：多刷题！！多刷题！！
之前算法是我的硬伤，后面硬啃了好长一段时间才补回来，算法才是程序员的灵魂！！！！
篇幅有限，以下只能截图分享部分的资源！！
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[外链图片转存中…(img-vd0jpvP4-1713522620728)]
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[外链图片转存中…(img-efjZWQOh-1713522620729)]
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