Linux 进程之pidstat_linux pidstat

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本文介绍了Linux系统中的pidstat命令，它用于监控进程的CPU、内存、堆栈、上下文切换等信息，帮助用户了解系统资源分配和任务活动。通过分析文章内容，我们可以看到pidstat如何显示进程名、命令行参数、CPU使用情况、堆栈大小和任务切换统计等。

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 -l     Display the process command name and all its arguments.

显示任务的完整路径和任务执行时的参数，和从/proc/fd/cmdline 中的值一样

04:25:21 PM   UID       PID    %usr %system  %guest    %CPU   CPU  Command
......
04:25:21 PM     0       614    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     1  kworker/u8:0
04:25:21 PM     0      1463    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     2  i915/signal:0
04:25:21 PM     0      2173    0.00    0.01    0.00    0.01     3  xfsaild/dm-0
04:25:21 PM     0      2174    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     0  kworker/0:1H
04:25:21 PM     0      2254    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     1  /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
04:25:21 PM     0      2276    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     2  /usr/sbin/lvmetad -f
04:25:21 PM     0      2295    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     3  kworker/3:1H
04:25:21 PM     0      2297    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     3  /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
04:25:21 PM     0      4428    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     1  xfsaild/sda2
04:25:21 PM     0      4496    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     2  /sbin/auditd
04:25:21 PM     0      4498    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     0  /sbin/audispd
04:25:21 PM     0      4499    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     2  /usr/sbin/sedispatch
04:25:21 PM    32      4522    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     3  /sbin/rpcbind -w
04:25:21 PM     0      4523    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     1  /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
04:25:21 PM     0      4524    2.26    0.60    0.00    2.86     0  /usr/libexec/accounts-daemon
04:25:21 PM   172      4527    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     3  /usr/libexec/rtkit-daemon
04:25:21 PM     0      4528    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     0  /usr/sbin/alsactl -s -n 19 -c -E ALSA_CONFIG_PATH=/etc/alsa/alsactl.conf --initfile=/lib/alsa/init/00main rdaemon
04:25:21 PM     0      4529    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     0  /sbin/rngd -f
.......

数据来源就是 /proc/fd/stat，/proc/fd/cmdline，/proc/fd/status：

[root@localhost ~]# strace -e trace=open  pidstat -l
......
open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
open("/proc/3/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
open("/proc/3/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
open("/proc/5/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
open("/proc/5/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
open("/proc/5/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
open("/proc/7/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
open("/proc/7/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
open("/proc/7/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
open("/proc/8/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
open("/proc/8/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
open("/proc/8/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
......

2.4 pidstat -p

查看指定进程的信息统计：

[root@localhost ~]# pidstat -p `pidof top`
Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86\_64 (localhost.localdomain)     11/24/2022      \_x86\_64\_        (4 CPU)

04:36:10 PM   UID       PID    %usr %system  %guest    %CPU   CPU  Command
04:36:10 PM     0      4121    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     2  top

查看 pidstat 进程本身信息统计：

[root@localhost ~]# pidstat -p SELF
Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86\_64 (localhost.localdomain)     11/24/2022      \_x86\_64\_        (4 CPU)

04:36:41 PM   UID       PID    %usr %system  %guest    %CPU   CPU  Command
04:36:41 PM     0      5340    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     3  pidstat

查看所有进程信息统计：

[root@localhost ~]# pidstat -p ALL
Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86\_64 (localhost.localdomain)     11/24/2022      \_x86\_64\_        (4 CPU)

04:37:28 PM   UID       PID    %usr %system  %guest    %CPU   CPU  Command
04:37:28 PM     0         1    0.01    0.01    0.00    0.01     2  systemd
04:37:28 PM     0         2    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     0  kthreadd
04:37:28 PM     0         3    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     0  ksoftirqd/0
04:37:28 PM     0         5    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     0  kworker/0:0H
04:37:28 PM     0         7    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     0  migration/0
04:37:28 PM     0         8    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     0  rcu_bh
04:37:28 PM     0         9    0.00    0.07    0.00    0.07     1  rcu_sched
04:37:28 PM     0        10    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     0  lru-add-drain
04:37:28 PM     0        11    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     0  watchdog/0
04:37:28 PM     0        12    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     1  watchdog/1
04:37:28 PM     0        13    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     1  migration/1
04:37:28 PM     0        14    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     1  ksoftirqd/1
......

2.5 pidstat -r

-r     Report page faults and memory utilization.

Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86\_64 (localhost.localdomain)     11/24/2022      \_x86\_64\_        (4 CPU)

04:41:20 PM   UID       PID  minflt/s  majflt/s     VSZ    RSS   %MEM  Command
04:41:20 PM     0         1      0.23      0.00  193952   7080   0.09  systemd
04:41:20 PM     0       356      0.00      0.00  165512   6560   0.08  sshd
04:41:20 PM     0       360      0.00      0.00  165208   5936   0.08  sshd
04:41:20 PM     0       365      0.00      0.00  116784   3432   0.04  bash
04:41:20 PM     0       411      0.00      0.00   72092   2872   0.04  sftp-server
04:41:20 PM     0       482      0.00      0.00  165512   6544   0.08  sshd
04:41:20 PM     0       486      0.00      0.00  165208   5936   0.08  sshd
04:41:20 PM     0       490      0.00      0.00  116916   3660   0.05  bash
04:41:20 PM     0       531      0.00      0.00   72092   2876   0.04  sftp-server
04:41:20 PM     0      2254      0.09      0.00   68504  28784   0.36  systemd-journal
04:41:20 PM     0      2276      0.00      0.00  201084   4180   0.05  lvmetad
04:41:20 PM     0      2297      0.00      0.00   48476   5880   0.07  systemd-udevd
04:41:20 PM     0      4496      0.00      0.00   62044   1292   0.02  auditd
04:41:20 PM     0      4498      0.00      0.00   84552    888   0.01  audispd
04:41:20 PM     0      4499      0.00      0.00   55632   1664   0.02  sedispatch
04:41:20 PM    32      4522      0.00      0.00   73648   1376   0.02  rpcbind
04:41:20 PM     0      4523      0.05      0.00   26460   1840   0.02  systemd-logind
04:41:20 PM     0      4524      0.00      0.00  396624   4604   0.06  accounts-daemon
......

minflt/s
       Total number of minor faults the task has made per second, those which have not required loading a memory page from disk.

majflt/s
       Total number of major faults the task has made per second, those which have required loading a memory page from disk.

VSZ
       Virtual Size: The virtual memory usage of entire task in kilobytes.

RSS
       Resident Set Size: The non-swapped physical memory used by the task in kilobytes.

%MEM
       The tasks's currently used share of available physical memory.

2.6 pidstat -s

-s     Report stack utilization.

显示任务堆栈的使用情况：

Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86\_64 (localhost.localdomain)     11/24/2022      \_x86\_64\_        (4 CPU)

05:06:00 PM   UID       PID StkSize  StkRef  Command
05:06:00 PM     0         1    132      48  systemd
05:06:00 PM     0       356    132      40  sshd
05:06:00 PM     0       360    132      40  sshd
05:06:00 PM     0       365    132      28  bash
05:06:00 PM     0       411    132      32  sftp-server
05:06:00 PM     0       482    132      44  sshd
05:06:00 PM     0       486    132      40  sshd
05:06:00 PM     0       490    132      32  bash
05:06:00 PM     0       531    132      36  sftp-server
05:06:00 PM     0      2254    132      44  systemd-journal
05:06:00 PM     0      2276    132      24  lvmetad
05:06:00 PM     0      2297    132      48  systemd-udevd
05:06:00 PM     0      4496    132      44  auditd
05:06:00 PM     0      4498    132      12  audispd
05:06:00 PM     0      4499    132      20  sedispatch
05:06:00 PM    32      4522    132      20  rpcbind
......

StkSize
       The amount of memory in kilobytes reserved for the task as stack, but not necessarily used.
	   (任务堆栈内存量的总大小，KB 为单位，但不一定使用全部)
StkRef
       The amount of memory in kilobytes used as stack, referenced by the task.
       (任务引用堆栈的内存量，KB 为单位（任务已经使用的堆栈内存大小）)

2.7 pidstat -w

-w     Report task switching activity

Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86\_64 (localhost.localdomain)     11/24/2022      \_x86\_64\_        (4 CPU)

05:06:29 PM   UID       PID   cswch/s nvcswch/s  Command
05:06:29 PM     0         1      0.49      0.01  systemd
05:06:29 PM     0         2      0.00      0.00  kthreadd
05:06:29 PM     0         3      0.27      0.00  ksoftirqd/0
05:06:29 PM     0         5      0.00      0.00  kworker/0:0H
05:06:29 PM     0         7      0.19      0.00  migration/0
05:06:29 PM     0         8      0.00      0.00  rcu_bh
05:06:29 PM     0         9     37.92      0.00  rcu_sched
05:06:29 PM     0        10      0.00      0.00  lru-add-drain
05:06:29 PM     0        11      0.25      0.00  watchdog/0
05:06:29 PM     0        12      0.25      0.00  watchdog/1
05:06:29 PM     0        13      0.18      0.00  migration/1
05:06:29 PM     0        14      0.06      0.00  ksoftirqd/1
05:06:29 PM     0        16      0.00      0.00  kworker/1:0H
05:06:29 PM     0        17      0.25      0.00  watchdog/2
05:06:29 PM     0        18      0.17      0.00  migration/2
05:06:29 PM     0        19      0.16      0.00  ksoftirqd/2
05:06:29 PM     0        21      0.00      0.00  kworker/2:0H
05:06:29 PM     0        22      0.25      0.00  watchdog/3
05:06:29 PM     0        23      0.18      0.00  migration/3
......

cswch/s
       Total number of voluntary context switches the task made per second.  A voluntary context switch occurs when a task blocks because it requires a resource that is  unavail‐
       able.

nvcswch/s
       Total  number of non voluntary context switches the task made per second.  A involuntary context switch takes place when a task executes for the duration of its time slice
       and then is forced to relinquish the processor.

自愿上下文切换：是指进程无法获取所需资源，即任务处于I/O阻塞态时，导致的上下文切换。比如说， I/O、内存等系统资源不足时，就会发生自愿上下文切换。任务访问该资源，但此时资源没有，处于阻塞态等待资源的到来，在等待期间自愿进行上下文切换。

非自愿上下文切换：则是指进程由于时间片已到等原因，被系统强制调度，进而发生的上下文切换。比如说，大量进程都在争抢 CPU 时，就容易发生非自愿上下文切换。

三、pidstat 数据来源

由于是统计每个任务使用资源的使用情况，其实就是获取 /proc/fd/ 下面的内容：

strace -e trace=open -o pidstat.txt pidstat

......
open("/proc/uptime", O_RDONLY)          = 3
open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
open("/proc/3/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
open("/proc/5/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
open("/proc/5/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
open("/proc/7/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
open("/proc/7/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
open("/proc/8/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
open("/proc/8/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
open("/proc/9/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
open("/proc/9/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
open("/proc/10/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
open("/proc/10/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
open("/proc/11/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
open("/proc/11/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
open("/proc/12/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
open("/proc/12/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
......

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