k8s 重启策略、健康检查、环境变量、初始化容器

VERSION: v1

FIELD: restartPolicy

DESCRIPTION:

Restart policy for all containers within the pod. One of Always, OnFailure,

Never. Default to Always. More info:

https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy

//修改为Never

[root@master ~]# cat test.yml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: web

spec:

containers:

• name: nginx

image: nginx

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

• name: test

image: busybox

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

command: [“bin/sh”,“-c”,“sleep 45”]

restartPolicy: Never #默认的话不用修改，改为never后停止容器不会重启

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f test.yml

pod/web created

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

web 2/2 Running 0 12s

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide -w #-w实时监控，在node2上面用docker命令关上其中一个，发现不会重启

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

web 2/2 Running 0 23s 10.244.1.78 node1

web 1/2 NotReady 0 46s 10.244.1.78 node1

//修改为Always

[root@master ~]# cat test.yml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: web

spec:

containers:

• name: nginx

image: nginx

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

• name: test

image: busybox

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

command: [“bin/sh”,“-c”,“sleep 45”]

restartPolicy: Always

//删除原来的test.yml ,重启启动一个新的pod

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f test.yml

pod “web” deleted

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f test.yml

pod/web created

//启动好后,在node1上停止test

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide -w

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

web 2/2 Running 0 6s 10.244.1.79 node1

web 1/2 NotReady 0 46s 10.244.1.79 node1

web 2/2 Running 1 47s 10.244.1.79 node1

web 1/2 NotReady 1 92s 10.244.1.79 node1

web 1/2 CrashLoopBackOff 1 102s 10.244.1.79 node1

web 2/2 Running 2 103s 10.244.1.79 node1

等待一定的时间后重启，而后自动起一台新的

//OnFailure

[root@master ~]# cat test.yml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: web

spec:

containers:

• name: nginx

image: nginx

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

• name: test

image: busybox

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

command: [“bin/sh”,“-c”,“sleep 45”]

restartPolicy: OnFailure

//删除原来的test.yml ,重启启动一个新的pod

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f test.yml

pod “web” deleted

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f test.yml

pod/web created

//启动好后,在node1上停止test

[root@node1 ~]# docker ps | grep test

6ed4e11715d8 ffe9d497c324 “bin/sh -c ‘sleep 45’” 3 seconds ago Up 3 seconds k8s_test_web_default_cc265ebd-4dae-49e7-8235-d1ba1102b4af_0

[root@node1 ~]# docker kill 6ed4e11715d8

6ed4e11715d8

//又起来了

[root@node1 ~]# docker ps | grep test

bf042b813e7c ffe9d497c324 “bin/sh -c ‘sleep 45’” 14 seconds ago Up 13 seconds k8s_test_web_default_cc265ebd-4dae-49e7-8235-d1ba1102b4af_1

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide -w

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

web 2/2 Running 0 1s 10.244.1.80 node1

web 1/2 Error 0 34s 10.244.1.80 node1

//异常退出（手动杀掉）

web 2/2 Running 1 35s 10.244.1.80 node1

//正常退出（60秒）

web 1/2 NotReady 1 80s 10.244.1.80 node1

web 1/2 NotReady 1 2m26s 10.244.1.80 node1

健康检查

---

• livenessProbe(存活检查)︰如果检查失败，将杀死容器，根据Pod的restartPolicy来操作

• readinessProbe(就绪检查)︰如果检查失败，Kubernetes会把Pod从service endpoints中剔除

支持的检查方式:

• httpGet:发送HTTP请求，返回200-400范围状态码为成功

• exec: 执行hell命令返回状态码是0为成功

• tcpSocket:发起TCP Socket建立成功

与重启策略相结合使用

重启策略+健康检查(应用自修复)

//端口探测

[root@master ~]# cat test.yml

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: web

spec:

containers:

• name: nginx

image: nginx

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

ports:

• containerPort: 80

hostPort: 80

livenessProbe:

tcpSocket:

port: 80

initialDelaySeconds: 20 #启动容器后多少秒健康检查

periodSeconds: 10 #以后间隔多少秒检查一次

readinessProbe:

httpGet:

port: 80

initialDelaySeconds: 20

periodSeconds: 10

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f test.yml

pod/web created

//查看pod,发现在进行初始化

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod

NAME READY（就绪状态） STATUS（存活状态） RESTARTS AGE

web 0/1 Running 0 18s

//等待一定时间后会进入运行

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

web 1/1 Running 0 34s

如果失败init容器默认会在State中显示CrashLoopBackOff (重启/异常)

在Reason会显示Error

State 代表状态

Reason 原因

Terminated 终止

Completed 完成

环境变量

---

变量值几种定义方式：

• 自定义变量值

• 变量值从Pod属性获取

• 变量值从Secrt，ConfigMap

[root@master ~]# kubectl explain pod.spec.containers.env.valueFrom

KIND: Pod

VERSION: v1

RESOURCE: valueFrom

DESCRIPTION:

Source for the environment variable’s value. Cannot be used if value is not

empty.

EnvVarSource represents a source for the value of an EnvVar.

FIELDS:

configMapKeyRef

Selects a key of a ConfigMap.

fieldRef

Selects a field of the pod: supports metadata.name, metadata.namespace,

metadata.labels['<KEY>'], metadata.annotations['<KEY>'], spec.nodeName,

spec.serviceAccountName, status.hostIP, status.podIP, status.podIPs.

resourceFieldRef

Selects a resource of the container: only resources limits and requests

(limits.cpu, limits.memory, limits.ephemeral-storage, requests.cpu,

requests.memory and requests.ephemeral-storage) are currently supported.

secretKeyRef

Selects a key of a secret in the pod’s namespace

第一种

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: test

spec:

containers:

• name: bi

image: busybox

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

command: [“bin/sh”,“-c”,“sleep 45”]

env:

• name: HN

value: tom

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f test.yml

pod/test created

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

test 1/1 Running 0 21s

[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it test – /bin/sh

/ # echo $HN

tom

第二种

[root@master ~]# cat test.yml

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: test

spec:

containers:

• name: bi

image: busybox

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

command: [“bin/sh”,“-c”,“sleep 45”]

env:

• name: HN

valueFrom:

fieldRef:

fieldPath: metadata.name

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f test.yml

pod “test” deleted

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f test.yml

pod/test created

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

test 1/1 Running 0 21s

[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it test – /bin/sh

/ # echo $HN

test

第三种

[root@master ~]# cat test.yml

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: test

spec:

containers:

• name: bi

image: busybox

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

command: [“bin/sh”,“-c”,“sleep 45”]

env:

• name: HN

valueFrom:

fieldRef:

fieldPath: spec.nodeName

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f test.yml

pod “test” deleted

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f test.yml

pod/test created

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

test 1/1 Running 0 17s

[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it test – /bin/sh

/ # echo $HN

node1

第四种

[root@master ~]# cat test.yml

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: test

spec:

containers:

• name: bi

image: busybox

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

command: [“bin/sh”,“-c”,“sleep 45”]

env:

• name: HN

valueFrom:

fieldRef:

fieldPath: status.podIP

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f test.yml

pod “test” deleted

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f test.yml

pod/test created

[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it test – /bin/sh

/ # echo $HN

10.244.1.84

/ # exit

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

test 1/1 Running 1 50s 10.244.1.84 node1

init Container(初始化容器)

---

初始化容器

• Init Container:用于初始化工作，执行完就结束(一次性任务)

• 支持大部分应用容器配置，但不支持健康检查

• 优先应用容器执行

应用场景:

• 环境检查:例如确保应用容器依赖的服务启动后再启动应用容器

• 初始化配置:例如给应用容器准备配置文件

示例

这里部署一个web网站,网站程序没有打到镜像中，而是希望从代码仓库中动态拉取放到应用容器中

在这里插入代码片[root@master ~]# cat test.yml

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: web

namespace: default

spec:

initContainers:

• name: download

image: busybox

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

volumeMounts:

• name: data

mountPath: /tmp

containers:

• name: nginx

image: nginx

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

ports:

• containerPort: 80

hostPort: 80

volumeMounts:

• name: data

mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html

volumes:

• name: data

hostPath:

path: /var/www/html

//不管在哪个节点我都创建

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/ -p

[root@node1 ~]# cd /var/www/html/

[root@node1 html]# echo “1314444” > index.html

[root@node1 html]# cat index.html

1314444

[root@node2 ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/ -p

[root@node2 ~]# cd /var/www/html/

[root@node2 html]# echo “hello world” > index.html

[root@node2 html]# cat index.html

hello world

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f test.yml

pod/web created

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

web 1/1 Running 0 8s

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

web 1/1 Running 0 45s 10.244.1.85 node1

[root@master ~]# curl 10.244.1.85

1314444

//详细信息

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe pod web

Name: web

Namespace: default

Priority: 0

Node: node1/192.168.129.135

Start Time: Wed, 22 Dec 2021 22:27:06 +0800

Labels:

Annotations:

Status: Running

IP: 10.244.1.86

IPs:

IP: 10.244.1.86

Init Containers:

download:

Container ID: docker://ec747a2654371d818661cc8e1da08d465d15e8d8d13c3a8d6a47f1ca21106d94

Image: busybox

Image ID: docker-pullable://busybox@sha256:b5cfd4befc119a590ca1a81d6bb0fa1fb19f1fbebd0397f25fae164abe1e8a6a

Port:

Host Port:

State: Terminated

Reason: Completed

Exit Code: 0

Started: Wed, 22 Dec 2021 22:27:07 +0800

Finished: Wed, 22 Dec 2021 22:27:07 +0800

Ready: True

Restart Count: 0

Environment:

Mounts:

/tmp from data (rw)

/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-ck7n4 (ro)

Containers:

nginx:

Container ID: docker://6dd618f9591a8d27623d1394d07def8498e25741af293ff5ef101db3516206e1

Image: nginx

Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:9522864dd661dcadfd9958f9e0de192a1fdda2c162a35668ab6ac42b465f0603

Port: 80/TCP

Host Port: 80/TCP

State: Running

Started: Wed, 22 Dec 2021 22:27:08 +0800

Ready: True

Restart Count: 0

Environment:

Mounts:

/usr/share/nginx/html from data (rw)

/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-ck7n4 (ro)

Conditions:

Type Status

Initialized True

Ready True

ContainersReady True

PodScheduled True

Volumes:

data:

Type: HostPath (bare host directory volume)

Path: /var/www/html

HostPathType:

default-token-ck7n4:

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