JVM学习（四）JVM中的对象及引用

• new的过程

• • 分配内存
• • 1. 指针碰撞

• 2. 空闲列表

• 并发安全

• • 1. CAS

• 2. TLAB

• 对象的内存布局

• 对象的访问定位

• • 句柄池

• 直接指针

• 垃圾回收

• • 如何判断对象的是否是垃圾
• • 引用计数法

• 可达性分析算法

• class的回收机制

• 对象的引用类型

• 对象的分配策略

new的过程

======================================================================

基本上所有的对象都是通过new关键字创建出来的，类似下面这样的

MyObject my = new MyObject()

当JVM遇到new时，会按照下面的流程处理

Created with Raphaël 2.2.0 开始 类加载 检查加载 分配内存 内存空间初始化 设置 对象初始化 结束

1. 类加载，先加载对象的class

2. 检查加载，确认class加载

3. 分配内存，为要创建的对象划分内存区域

4. 内存空间初始化，主要是进行零值初始化，比如int的默认值是0 boolean的默认值是false

5. 设置，设置对象的对象头，实例数据以及对齐填充

6. 对象初始化，调用对象的构造器

分配内存

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创建对象时，要为对象分配内存空间。分配的方式有两种：

1. 指针碰撞

指针碰撞是示意图如下：

在内存空间规整的情况下，使用JVM使用指针碰撞的方式分配内存，指针会指向已分配内存的末端，当再分配内存时，指针会向后偏移，就像这样：

这种方式就被成为指针碰撞。指针碰撞的方式分配要求内存空间必须是规则且连续的

2. 空闲列表

当内存中对象的分布不连续时，JVM就会使用空闲列表法来分配对象，示意图如下：

JVM会对内存区域编号然后维护一个类似下面这样的列表：

| 区域 | 是否占用 |

| — | — |

| 区域1 | 否 |

| 区域2 | 是 |

| 区域3 | 是 |

| 区域4 | 是 |

| 区域5 | 否 |

| 区域6 | 否 |

| 区域7 | 否 |

| 区域8 | 否 |

| 区域9 | 否 |

当需要分配内存时，JVM从空闲列表中检索可用的区域来分配内存

并发安全

当程序在运行时，不是只有一个线程需要创建对象，而是几乎所有的线程都需要创建对象，这时候为对象分配内存区域就会存在并发安全问题，假如线程1的Obj1和线程2的Obj2被分配了同一个内存区域，那程序就乱套了。JVM解决对象内存分配的并发安全问题的方式也有两种：

1. CAS

图源：King老师

从上面的图中可以看出来，当JVM要为一个对象划分一块内存区域时，会使用CAS的方式，即，先读取当前内存地址A的值，经过JVM的预处理，然后将上次读取的值与现在内存地址A的值做比较，如果这两次读到的值相同，则分配成功，也就是Compare and Swap

2. TLAB

使用CAS的方式已经相对较快的（毕竟没有同步块），但是依旧需要进行一次Compare and Swap，还是有性能的损耗。所以JVM中有一个TLAB（Thread Local Allocation Buffer）机制，这是一块存在于Eden中的线程独享的内存区域，由于是线程独享的，所以并不存在并发问题，也就是快。但是TLAB的默认值是Eden的1%，如果对象比较大，还是得通过CAS的方式在堆中分配（不一定会分配在Eden中！大对象的话，会直接分配到年老代）

对象的内存布局

对象的内存布局大体如下：

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不一定

如果是数组

对象

对象头

实例数据

对齐填充

对象类型指针

数组长度

mark word

哈希码

对象分代年龄

锁状态标识

线程持有的锁

偏向线程id

偏向时间戳

在一个对象中，一定会有的是对象头和实例数据，但是不一定会有对齐填充。因为虚拟机规范中规范每个对象的大小都必须是8byte的整数倍，如果当前对象的实例数据+对象头的大小不是8字节的整数倍，那就需要对齐填充，将这个对象填充够8字节的整数倍。

整理一下对象的内存布局

1. 对象头

2. 对象运行时数据（mark word）

3. 哈希码

4. GC分代年龄

5. 锁状态标识

6. 线程持有的锁

7. 偏向线程id

8. 偏向时间戳

9. 对象的类型指针

10. 如果对象是数组类型，那还会存储数组的长度

11. 实例数据

12. 对齐填充（不是100%有）

对象的访问定位

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对象访问定位有两种方式：

句柄池

---

使用句柄池的方式访问对象的意思是，栈帧中局部变量中的引用指向的句柄池中的某个句柄，然后这个句柄再指向堆中的某个对象，大概就是这样：

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局部变量表中的引用

句柄A

对象1

优点：这样做的优点是局部变量表中的引用是指向句柄池中的句柄的，当对象发生变化（被回收或被移动到其他的内存地址）时，只需要更新句柄池对对象的引用即可，这样可以保证程序的稳定

缺点：由于引入了句柄池，导致了对象的访问多了一次处理从而降低了访问速度

引申：句柄池在堆里

直接指针

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直接指针就是这样的：中间没有句柄池，局部变量表中的引用直接指向堆中的内存对象

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局部变量表中的引用

对象1

优点：没有句柄池，也就没有中间过程，对象的访问速度提升了

缺点：实现复杂

引申：现在的Hotspot是使用直接指针的方式访问对象的

垃圾回收

====================================================================

众所周知，JVM的内存是自动回收的，开发人员大多数情况下不需要手动申请（malloc）、释放（free）内存。但是像C、C++这类语言是需要手动申请、释放内存的。

手动管理内存的申请释放容易产生两种问题：

1. 忘记释放

会导致内存泄露

2. 反复释放

会导致释放有用的内存对象，比如下面这样：

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线程1

malloc

do something

free

do something

free

最后

自我介绍一下，小编13年上海交大毕业，曾经在小公司待过，也去过华为、OPPO等大厂，18年进入阿里一直到现在。

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由于文件比较大，这里只是将部分目录截图出来，每个节点里面都包含大厂面经、学习笔记、源码讲义、实战项目、讲解视频，并且会持续更新！