2024年Linux最全Linux系统之ifconfig命令的基本使用_linux怎么ifconfig提示(1)，靠这份Linux运维知识点PDF成功跳槽

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-25 16:10:30 发布

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以下是ifconfig的使用参数

ifconfig [网络接口] [选项] add<地址>：设置网络设备IPv6的ip地址； del<地址>：删除网络设备IPv6的IP地址； down：关闭指定的网络设备； <hw<网络设备类型><硬件地址>：设置网络设备的类型与硬件地址； io_addr<I/O地址>：设置网络设备的I/O地址； irq<IRQ地址>：设置网络设备的IRQ； media<网络媒介类型>：设置网络设备的媒介类型； mem_start<内存地址>：设置网络设备在主内存所占用的起始地址； metric<数目>：指定在计算数据包的转送次数时，所要加上的数目； mtu<字节>：设置网络设备的MTU； netmask<子网掩码>：设置网络设备的子网掩码； tunnel<地址>：建立IPv4与IPv6之间的隧道通信地址； up：启动指定的网络设备； -broadcast<地址>：将要送往指定地址的数据包当成广播数据包来处理； -pointopoint<地址>：与指定地址的网络设备建立直接连线，此模式具有保密功能； -promisc：关闭或启动指定网络设备的promiscuous模式；

三、安装ifconfig命令工具

1. 安装net-tools软件包

ifconfig命令的软件包在centos7.6中为net-tools

[root@docker yum.repos.d]# yum -y install net-tools Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution  Dependencies Resolved  =============================================================================================================================  Package                    Arch                    Version                                      Repository             Size ============================================================================================================================= Installing:  net-tools                  x86_64                  2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7                     base                  306 k  Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================= Install  1 Package  Total download size: 306 k Installed size: 917 k Downloading packages: net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                         | 306 kB  00:00:00      Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction   Installing : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                                                 1/1    Verifying  : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                                                 1/1   Installed:   net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7                                                                                  Complete!

2. 查看ifconfig工具的版本

使用ifconfig -V，查看版本情况。

[root@docker ~]# ifconfig -V net-tools 2.10-alpha

四、ifconfig的基本使用

1. 启停网卡

ifconfig eth0 up为启动网卡eth0，ifconfig eth0 down为关闭网卡eth0。

ifconfig eth0 up   # 启动网卡eth0 ifconfig eth0 down   # 关闭网卡eth0

2. 显示eth0网卡信息

单独显示eth0网卡信息

[root@docker ~]# ifconfig eth0 eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet 192.168.3.127  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.3.255         inet6 fd58:bc95:d4fb::83b  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x0<global>         inet6 fe80::3bde:d1ba:1b78:4dbd  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>         inet6 fd58:bc95:d4fb:0:ff42:9e46:82f5:7a5f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>         ether ee:99:c7:4b:23:e2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 2321266  bytes 571440099 (544.9 MiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 30683  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 468692  bytes 53519750 (51.0 MiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

3. 设置最大传输单元

设置能通过的最大数据包大小为 1500 bytes

fconfig eth0 mtu 1500

4. 启用和关闭arp协议

对eth0网卡启用和关闭arp协议

ifconfig eth0 arp    #开启网卡eth0 的arp协议 ifconfig eth0 -arp   #关闭网卡eth0 的arp协议

5. 查看所有已激活网卡信息

使用ifconfig命令显示所有已激活网卡信息

[root@docker ~]# ifconfig  docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255         ether 02:42:fe:57:e3:ac  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)         RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet 192.168.3.127  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.3.255         inet6 fd58:bc95:d4fb::83b  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x0<global>         inet6 fe80::3bde:d1ba:1b78:4dbd  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>         inet6 fd58:bc95:d4fb:0:ff42:9e46:82f5:7a5f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>         ether ee:99:c7:4b:23:e2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 2482  bytes 445608 (435.1 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 39  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 1529  bytes 391681 (382.5 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0         inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>         loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)         RX packets 14  bytes 2683 (2.6 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 14  bytes 2683 (2.6 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

6. 查看所有网卡网卡信息

查看所有网卡（包括未激活）网卡信息

[root@docker ~]# ifconfig  -a docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255         ether 02:42:fe:57:e3:ac  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)         RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet 192.168.3.127  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.3.255         inet6 fd58:bc95:d4fb::83b  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x0<global>         inet6 fe80::3bde:d1ba:1b78:4dbd  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>         inet6 fd58:bc95:d4fb:0:ff42:9e46:82f5:7a5f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>         ether ee:99:c7:4b:23:e2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 2579  bytes 454207 (443.5 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 41  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 1553  bytes 395235 (385.9 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0         inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>         loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)         RX packets 14  bytes 2683 (2.6 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 14  bytes 2683 (2.6 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

五、配置IP地址

1. 设置网卡的IP地址

对eth0物理网卡配置IP地址。注意ssh连接时，设置后立即生效，单网卡情况下会断开连接。此设置是临时生效，重启服务器后，网卡恢复为原来的IP地址。

ifconfig eth0 192.168.200.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.200.255

2. 新增网卡的IP地址

对网卡eth0新增IP，临时生效。

[root@docker ~]# ifconfig eth0 add 192.168.200.200 netmask 255.255.255.0   [root@docker ~]# ifconfig  docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255         ether 02:42:dc:0d:79:4b  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)         RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet 192.168.3.127  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.3.255         inet6 fd58:bc95:d4fb::83b  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x0<global>         inet6 fe80::3bde:d1ba:1b78:4dbd  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>         inet6 fd58:bc95:d4fb:0:ff42:9e46:82f5:7a5f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>         ether ee:99:c7:4b:23:e2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 1341  bytes 327185 (319.5 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 21  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 1253  bytes 362959 (354.4 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  eth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet 192.168.200.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.3.255         ether ee:99:c7:4b:23:e2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)  lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0         inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>         loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)         RX packets 28  bytes 4337 (4.2 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 28  bytes 4337 (4.2 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

3. 删除网卡的IP地址

删除网卡的IP地址，临时生效。

[root@docker ~]# ifconfig eth0 del  192.168.200.200 netmask 255.255.255.0   [root@docker ~]# ifconfig  docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255         ether 02:42:dc:0d:79:4b  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)         RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet 192.168.3.127  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.3.255         inet6 fd58:bc95:d4fb::83b  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x0<global>         inet6 fe80::3bde:d1ba:1b78:4dbd  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>         inet6 fd58:bc95:d4fb:0:ff42:9e46:82f5:7a5f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>         ether ee:99:c7:4b:23:e2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 1547  bytes 344429 (336.3 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 23  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 1359  bytes 374005 (365.2 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0         inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>         loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)         RX packets 28  bytes 4337 (4.2 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 28  bytes 4337 (4.2 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

4. 修改MAC地址

用ifconfig修改MAC地址，临时生效。

ifconfig eth0 hw ether 10:BA:CB:54:86:B3

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