设计模式学习--迭代器模式(Iterator Pattern)和组合模式（Composite Pattern)(1)

}

public void printMenu() {

Iterator pancakeIterator = pancakeHouseMenu.createIterator();

Iterator dinerIterator = dinerMenu.createIterator();

System.out.println(“MENU\n----\nBREAKFAST”);

printMenu(pancakeIterator);

System.out.println(“\nLUNCH”);

printMenu(dinerIterator);

}

private void printMenu(Iterator iterator) {

while(iterator.hasNext()) { //测试是否还有其他项

MenuItem menuItem = (MenuItem) iterator.next();

System.out.print(menuItem.getName() + ", ");

System.out.print(menuItem.getPrice() + " – ");

System.out.println(menuItem.getDescription());

}

}

}

增加一个CafeMenu会变成以下这样

package dinermerger;

import java.util.Hashtable;

import java.util.Iterator;

/**

• 咖啡厅菜单

• @author wwj

*/

public class CafeMenu implements Menu{

Hashtable menuItems = new Hashtable();

public CafeMenu() {

addItem(“Veggie Burger and Air Fries”,

“Veggie burger on a whole wheat bun, lettuce, tomato, and fries”,

true, 3.99);

addItem(“Soup of the day”,

“A cup of the soup of the day, with a side salad”, false, 3.69);

addItem(“Burrito”,

“A large burrito, with whole pinto beans, salsa, guacamole”,

true, 4.29);

}

public void addItem(String name, String description, boolean vegetarian, double price) {

MenuItem menuItem = new MenuItem(name, description, vegetarian, price);

menuItems.put(menuItem.getName(), menuItem);

}

@Override

public Iterator createIterator() {

return menuItems.values().iterator();

}

}

package dinermerger;

import java.util.Iterator;

/**

• 女招待类

• @author wwj

*/

public class Waitress {

// PancakeHouseMenu pancakeHouseMenu;

// DinerMenu dinerMenu;

Menu pancakeHouseMenu;

Menu dinerMenu;

Menu cafeMenu;

/**

*在这个构造器中，女招待照顾两个菜单

• @param pancakeHouseMenu

• @param dinerMenu

*/

public Waitress(Menu pancakeHouseMenu, Menu dinerMenu) {

this.pancakeHouseMenu = pancakeHouseMenu;

this.dinerMenu = dinerMenu;

}

/**

• 新增一个cafeMenu

• @param pancakeHouseMenu

• @param dinerMenu

• @param cafeMenu

*/

public Waitress(Menu pancakeHouseMenu, Menu dinerMenu, Menu cafeMenu) {

this.pancakeHouseMenu = pancakeHouseMenu;

this.dinerMenu = dinerMenu;

this.cafeMenu = cafeMenu;

}

public void printMenu() {

Iterator pancakeIterator = pancakeHouseMenu.createIterator();

Iterator dinerIterator = dinerMenu.createIterator();

Iterator cafeIterator = cafeMenu.createIterator();

System.out.println(“MENU\n----\nBREAKFAST”);

printMenu(pancakeIterator);

System.out.println(“\nLUNCH”);

printMenu(dinerIterator);

System.out.println(“\nDINNER”);

printMenu(cafeIterator);

}

private void printMenu(Iterator iterator) {

while(iterator.hasNext()) { //测试是否还有其他项

MenuItem menuItem = (MenuItem) iterator.next();

System.out.print(menuItem.getName() + ", ");

System.out.print(menuItem.getPrice() + " – ");

System.out.println(menuItem.getDescription());

}

}

}

Test

package dinermerger;

public class MenuTestDrive {

/**

• @param args

*/

public static void main(String[] args) {

// PancakeHouseMenu pancakeHouseMenu = new PancakeHouseMenu();

// DinerMenu dinerMenu = new DinerMenu();

//

// Waitress waitress = new Waitress(pancakeHouseMenu, dinerMenu);

//

// waitress.printMenu();

Menu pancakeHouseMenu = new PancakeHouseMenu();

Menu dinerMenu = new DinerMenu();

Menu cafeMenu = new CafeMenu();

Waitress waitress = new Waitress(pancakeHouseMenu, dinerMenu, cafeMenu);

waitress.printMenu();

}

}

结果：

MENU

----

BREAKFAST

K&B’s Pancake Breakfast, 2.99 – Pancakes with scrambled eggs, and toast

Regular Pancake Breakfast, 2.99 – Pancakes with fried eggs, sausage

Blueberry Pancakes, 3.49 – Pancakes made with fresh blueberries

Waffles, 3.59 – Waffles, with your choice of blueberries or strawberries

LUNCH

Vegetarian BLT, 2.99 – (Fakin’) Bacon with lettuce & tomato on Whole wheat

BLT, 2.99 – Bacon with lettuce & tomato on Whole wheat

Soup of the day, 3.29 – Soup of the day, with a side of potato salad

Hotdog, 3.05 – A hot dog, with saurkraut, relish, onions, topped with cheese

Steamed Veggies and Brown Rice, 3.99 – Steamed vegetables over brown rice

Pasta, 3.89 – Spaghetti with Marinara Sauce, and a slice of sourdough bread

DINNER

Soup of the day, 3.69 – A cup of the soup of the day, with a side salad

Burrito, 4.29 – A large burrito, with whole pinto beans, salsa, guacamole

Veggie Burger and Air Fries, 3.99 – Veggie burger on a whole wheat bun, lettuce, tomato, and fries

为了让女招待更加有扩展性，我们这样做

package dinermerger;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Iterator;

/**

• 女招待类

• @author wwj

*/

public class Waitress {

// PancakeHouseMenu pancakeHouseMenu;

// DinerMenu dinerMenu;

// Menu pancakeHouseMenu;

// Menu dinerMenu;

// Menu cafeMenu;

ArrayList menus;

/* //*

*在这个构造器中，女招待照顾两个菜单

• @param pancakeHouseMenu

• @param dinerMenu

//

public Waitress(Menu pancakeHouseMenu, Menu dinerMenu) {

this.pancakeHouseMenu = pancakeHouseMenu;

this.dinerMenu = dinerMenu;

}

//*

• 新增一个cafeMenu

• @param pancakeHouseMenu

• @param dinerMenu

• @param cafeMenu

//

public Waitress(Menu pancakeHouseMenu, Menu dinerMenu, Menu cafeMenu) {

this.pancakeHouseMenu = pancakeHouseMenu;

this.dinerMenu = dinerMenu;

this.cafeMenu = cafeMenu;

}*/

public Waitress(ArrayList menus) {

this.menus = menus;

}

public void printMenu() {

/* Iterator pancakeIterator = pancakeHouseMenu.createIterator();

Iterator dinerIterator = dinerMenu.createIterator();

Iterator cafeIterator = cafeMenu.createIterator();

System.out.println(“MENU\n----\nBREAKFAST”);

printMenu(pancakeIterator);

System.out.println(“\nLUNCH”);

printMenu(dinerIterator);

System.out.println(“\nDINNER”);

printMenu(cafeIterator);*/

Iterator menuIterator = menus.iterator();

while(menuIterator.hasNext()) {

Menu menu = (Menu)menuIterator.next();

printMenu(menu.createIterator());

}

}

private void printMenu(Iterator iterator) {

while(iterator.hasNext()) { //测试是否还有其他项

MenuItem menuItem = (MenuItem) iterator.next();

System.out.print(menuItem.getName() + ", ");

System.out.print(menuItem.getPrice() + " – ");

System.out.println(menuItem.getDescription());

}

}

}

测试的时候我们就可以这样

package dinermerger;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class MenuTestDrive {

/**

• @param args

*/

public static void main(String[] args) {

// PancakeHouseMenu pancakeHouseMenu = new PancakeHouseMenu();

// DinerMenu dinerMenu = new DinerMenu();

//

// Waitress waitress = new Waitress(pancakeHouseMenu, dinerMenu);

//

// waitress.printMenu();

Menu pancakeHouseMenu = new PancakeHouseMenu();

Menu dinerMenu = new DinerMenu();

Menu cafeMenu = new CafeMenu();

// Waitress waitress = new Waitress(pancakeHouseMenu, dinerMenu, cafeMenu);

ArrayList menus = new ArrayList();

menus.add(pancakeHouseMenu);

menus.add(dinerMenu);

menus.add(cafeMenu);

Waitress waitress = new Waitress(menus);

waitress.printMenu();

}

}

总算是要讲到组合模式了，这个模式可以解决迭代器模式中不能解决的一个难题。比如我们需要一个新的餐单，菜单下又有子菜单，单单用迭代器就不能解决了。这时候可以考虑到用树形结构来展示整个菜单。

看下面的例子吧：

定义菜单组件

package composite;

/**

• 定义菜单组件

• @author Administrator

*/

public abstract class MenuComponent {

public void add(MenuComponent menuComponent) {

throw new UnsupportedOperationException();

}

public void remove(MenuComponent menuComponent) {

throw new UnsupportedOperationException();

}

public MenuComponent getChild(int i) {

throw new UnsupportedOperationException();

}

public String getName() {

throw new UnsupportedOperationException();

}

public String getDescription() {

throw new UnsupportedOperationException();

}

public double getPrice() {

throw new UnsupportedOperationException();

}

public boolean isVegetarian() {

throw new UnsupportedOperationException();

}

public void print() {

throw new UnsupportedOperationException();

}

}

实现菜单

package composite;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Iterator;

public class Menu extends MenuComponent{

ArrayList menuComponents = new ArrayList();

String name;

String description;

public Menu(String name, String description) {

this.name = name;

this.description = description;

}

public void add(MenuComponent menuComponent) {

menuComponents.add(menuComponent);

}

public void remove(MenuComponent menuComponent) {

menuComponents.remove(menuComponent);

}

public MenuComponent getChild(int i) {

return (MenuComponent) menuComponents.get(i);

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public String getDescription() {

return description;

}

public void print(){

System.out.print(“\n” + getName());

System.out.println(", " + getDescription());

System.out.println(“------------------”);

Iterator iterator = menuComponents.iterator();

while(iterator.hasNext()) {

MenuComponent menuComponent =

(MenuComponent) iterator.next();

menuComponent.print();

}

}

}

**

实现菜单项**

package composite;

/**

• 实现菜单项

• @author Administrator

*/

public class MenuItem extends MenuComponent{

String name;

String description;

boolean vegetarian;

double price;

public MenuItem(String name, String description, boolean vegetarian,

double price) {

this.name = name;

this.description = description;

this.vegetarian = vegetarian;

this.price = price;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public String getDescription() {

return description;

}

public boolean isVegetarian() {

return vegetarian;

}

public double getPrice() {

return price;

}

public void print(){

System.out.print(" " + getName());

if(isVegetarian()) {

System.out.print(“(v)”);

}

System.out.println(“,” + getPrice());

System.out.println(" --" + getDescription());

}

}

变得十分快乐的女招待

package composite;

import java.util.Iterator;

public class Waitress {

MenuComponent allMenus;

public Waitress(MenuComponent allMenus) {

this.allMenus = allMenus;

}

public void printMenu() {

allMenus.print();

}

}

我们这样测试

package composite;

import java.util.*;

public class MenuTestDrive {

public static void main(String args[]) {

MenuComponent pancakeHouseMenu =

new Menu(“PANCAKE HOUSE MENU”, “Breakfast”);

MenuComponent dinerMenu =

new Menu(“DINER MENU”, “Lunch”);

MenuComponent cafeMenu =

new Menu(“CAFE MENU”, “Dinner”);

MenuComponent dessertMenu =

new Menu(“DESSERT MENU”, “Dessert of course!”);

MenuComponent coffeeMenu = new Menu(“COFFEE MENU”, “Stuff to go with your afternoon coffee”);

MenuComponent allMenus = new Menu(“ALL MENUS”, “All menus combined”);

allMenus.add(pancakeHouseMenu);

allMenus.add(dinerMenu);

allMenus.add(cafeMenu);

pancakeHouseMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“K&B’s Pancake Breakfast”,

“Pancakes with scrambled eggs, and toast”,

true,

2.99));

pancakeHouseMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Regular Pancake Breakfast”,

“Pancakes with fried eggs, sausage”,

false,

2.99));

pancakeHouseMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Blueberry Pancakes”,

“Pancakes made with fresh blueberries, and blueberry syrup”,

true,

3.49));

pancakeHouseMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Waffles”,

“Waffles, with your choice of blueberries or strawberries”,

true,

3.59));

dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Vegetarian BLT”,

“(Fakin’) Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat”,

true,

2.99));

dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“BLT”,

“Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat”,

false,

2.99));

dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Soup of the day”,

“A bowl of the soup of the day, with a side of potato salad”,

false,

3.29));

dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Hotdog”,

“A hot dog, with saurkraut, relish, onions, topped with cheese”,

false,

3.05));

dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Steamed Veggies and Brown Rice”,

“Steamed vegetables over brown rice”,

true,

3.99));

dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Pasta”,

“Spaghetti with Marinara Sauce, and a slice of sourdough bread”,

true,

3.89));

dinerMenu.add(dessertMenu);

dessertMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Apple Pie”,

“Apple pie with a flakey crust, topped with vanilla icecream”,

true,

1.59));

dessertMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Cheesecake”,

“Creamy New York cheesecake, with a chocolate graham crust”,

true,

1.99));

dessertMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Sorbet”,

“A scoop of raspberry and a scoop of lime”,

true,

1.89));

cafeMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Veggie Burger and Air Fries”,

“Veggie burger on a whole wheat bun, lettuce, tomato, and fries”,

true,

3.99));

cafeMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Soup of the day”,

“A cup of the soup of the day, with a side salad”,

false,

3.69));

cafeMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Burrito”,

“A large burrito, with whole pinto beans, salsa, guacamole”,

true,

4.29));

cafeMenu.add(coffeeMenu);

coffeeMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Coffee Cake”,

“Crumbly cake topped with cinnamon and walnuts”,

true,

1.59));

coffeeMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Bagel”,

“Flavors include sesame, poppyseed, cinnamon raisin, pumpkin”,

false,

0.69));

coffeeMenu.add(new MenuItem(

“Biscotti”,

“Three almond or hazelnut biscotti cookies”,

true,

0.89));

Waitress waitress = new Waitress(allMenus);

waitress.printMenu();

}

}

测试结果：

ALL MENUS, All menus combined

------------------

PANCAKE HOUSE MENU, Breakfast

------------------

K&B’s Pancake Breakfast(v),2.99

–Pancakes with scrambled eggs, and toast

Regular Pancake Breakfast,2.99

–Pancakes with fried eggs, sausage

Blueberry Pancakes(v),3.49

–Pancakes made with fresh blueberries, and blueberry syrup

Waffles(v),3.59

–Waffles, with your choice of blueberries or strawberries

DINER MENU, Lunch

------------------

Vegetarian BLT(v),2.99

–(Fakin’) Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat

BLT,2.99

–Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat

Soup of the day,3.29

–A bowl of the soup of the day, with a side of potato salad

Hotdog,3.05

–A hot dog, with saurkraut, relish, onions, topped with cheese

Steamed Veggies and Brown Rice(v),3.99

–Steamed vegetables over brown rice

Pasta(v),3.89

–Spaghetti with Marinara Sauce, and a slice of sourdough bread

DESSERT MENU, Dessert of course!

------------------

Apple Pie(v),1.59

–Apple pie with a flakey crust, topped with vanilla icecream

Cheesecake(v),1.99

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《2017-2021字节跳动Android面试历年真题解析》

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