机器学习笔记1-k近邻算法的实现

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

datingDataMat,datingLabels = kNN.file2matrix(‘f:\\datingTestSet.txt’)

ax.scatter(datingDataMat[:,1],datingDataMat[:,2],

15.0*numpy.array(datingLabels),15.0*numpy.array(datingLabels))

plt.xlabel(‘Percentage of Time Spent Playing Video Games’)

plt.ylabel(‘Liters of Ice Cream Consumed Per Week’)

plt.show()

3D图:

import numpy

import kNN

import matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111,projection=‘3d’)

datingDataMat,datingLabels = kNN.file2matrix(‘f:\\datingTestSet.txt’)

ax.scatter(datingDataMat[:,0],datingDataMat[:,1],datingDataMat[:,2],

15.0*numpy.array(datingLabels),15.0*numpy.array(datingLabels),15.0*numpy.array(datingLabels))

ax.set_xlabel(‘mei nian huo qu de fei xing chang ke li cheng shu’)

ax.set_ylabel(‘wan you xi shi jian bi li’)

ax.set_zlabel(‘mei zhou xiao hao de bing qi li shuliang’)

plt.show()

多图:

import numpy

import kNN

import matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(311)

datingDataMat,datingLabels = kNN.file2matrix(‘f:\\datingTestSet.txt’)

ax1.scatter(datingDataMat[:,0],datingDataMat[:,1],

15.0*numpy.array(datingLabels),15.0*numpy.array(datingLabels))

ax1.set_xlabel(‘fly’)

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(312)

ax2.scatter(datingDataMat[:,0],datingDataMat[:,2],

15.0*numpy.array(datingLabels),15.0*numpy.array(datingLabels))

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(313)

ax2.scatter(datingDataMat[:,1],datingDataMat[:,2],

15.0*numpy.array(datingLabels),15.0*numpy.array(datingLabels))

plt.show()

不熟悉的函数:

add_subplot:用于指定图像的位置,例如111,指图像分成一行一列,在第一幅图上画

scatter:画散点图,必须输入的有x,y坐标,可选项有颜色形状等

zero:创建0矩阵

归一化:

处理不同取值范围的特征值时,通常需要将数值未硬化,如果将取值范围处理为0到1或者-1到1之间,下面公式可以将任意取值范围的特征值转化为0到1的区间内

newValue = (oldValue-min)/(max-min)

min,max分别是数据集中特征值最大值和最小值,程序如下

def autoNum(dataSet):

#获取每一列的最小值

minVals = dataSet.min(0)

#获取每一列的最大值

maxVals = dataSet.max(0)

#最大值和最小值的差

ranges = maxVals - minVals

#将每一行归一化

normDataSet = numpy.zeros(numpy.shape(dataSet))

m = dataSet.shape[0]

normDataSet = dataSet - numpy.tile(minVals,(m,1))

normDataSet = normDataSet/numpy.tile(ranges,(m,1))

return normDataSet,ranges,minVals

容易搞错的是min(0)返回的是每一列的最小值,而不是第0列的最小值,min()返回的是所有值的最小值,min