最后
不知道你们用的什么环境，我一般都是用的Python3.6环境和pycharm解释器，没有软件，或者没有资料，没人解答问题，都可以免费领取（包括今天的代码），过几天我还会做个视频教程出来，有需要也可以领取~
给大家准备的学习资料包括但不限于：
Python 环境、pycharm编辑器/永久激活/翻译插件
python 零基础视频教程
Python 界面开发实战教程
Python 爬虫实战教程
Python 数据分析实战教程
python 游戏开发实战教程
Python 电子书100本
Python 学习路线规划
网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。
一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远！不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！
info1.text = f’恭喜您完成 {hanns.order} 层汉诺塔！任意点击层数加一！’
else:
info1.text = f’太棒了！您已完成 {hanns.order} 层汉诺塔，游戏结束！’
gamecompleted = True
return
elif not gamecompleted:
hanns = Hann(window.width/2, 120, hanns.order+1)
info1.text = f’ {hanns.order} 层汉诺塔，游戏开始！’
info2.text = f’当前层数：{hanns.order}\t最佳步数：{2**hanns.order-1}\t当前步数：{hanns.steps}’
Hann 类中增加一个改色的方法，用于标注被点击的要移动的源塔架：
def setdiskcolor(self, n, color=Color[0]):
self.disk[n].cir1.color = color
self.disk[n].cir2.color = color
self.disk[n].rect.color = color
完整代码：
import pyglet
window = pyglet.window.Window(800, 500, caption='汉诺塔')
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
Color = (182,128,18),(25,65,160),(56,170,210),(16,188,78),(20,240,20),(240,240,20),(255,128,20),(240,20,20),(245,60,138)
class Disk:
def __init__(self, x, y, color=(0,0,0), width=200, height=20):
self.cir1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x+width/2-height/2, y, radius=height/2, color=color, batch=batch)
self.cir2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x-width/2+height/2, y, radius=height/2, color=color, batch=batch)
self.rect = pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(x-width/2+height/2, y-height/2, width-height, height, color=color, batch=batch)
def move(self, dx, dy):
self.cir1.x += dx; self.cir1.y += dy
self.cir2.x += dx; self.cir2.y += dy
self.rect.x += dx; self.rect.y += dy
class Hann:
def __init__(self, x, y, order=2, space=250, thickness=20, width=200, height=300):
assert(order>1)
self.pole = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x-i*space, y, x-i*space, y+height, width=thickness, color=Color[0], batch=batch) for i in range(-1,2)]
self.disk = [Disk(x+i*space, y, color=Color[0], width=width+thickness, height=thickness) for i in range(-1,2)]
self.x, self.y = x, y
self.order = order
self.space = space
self.thickness = thickness
self.width = width
self.poleheight = height
self.beadheight = (height-thickness*2)/order
self.step = (width-thickness)/(order+1)
self.steps = 0
self.macro = []
coordinates = [(self.x-space, self.y+(i+1)*self.beadheight-(self.beadheight-thickness)/2) for i in range(order)]
self.beads = [Disk(*xy, Color[i%8+1], width=self.width-i*self.step, height=self.beadheight) for i,xy in enumerate(coordinates)]
self.array = [[*range(order)], [], []]
def move(self, pole1, pole2):
if self.array[pole1]:
bead = self.array[pole1].pop()
if self.array[pole2] and bead<self.array[pole2][-1]:
self.array[pole1].append(bead)
return False
else:
return None
self.beads[bead].move((pole2-pole1)*self.space, (len(self.array[pole2])-len(self.array[pole1]))*self.beadheight)
self.array[pole2].append(bead)
self.steps += 1
self.macro.append((pole1, pole2))
return True
def setdiskcolor(self, n, color=Color[0]):
self.disk[n].cir1.color = color
self.disk[n].cir2.color = color
self.disk[n].rect.color = color
def on_mouse_over(self, x, y):
for i in range(-1,2):
if hanns.x-hanns.width/2 < x-i*hanns.space < hanns.x+hanns.width/2 and hanns.y-hanns.thickness/2 < y < hanns.y+hanns.poleheight:
return i+1
def success(self):
return len(self.array[2]) == self.order
@window.event
def on_draw():
window.clear()
batch.draw()
@window.event
def on_mouse_press(x, y, dx, dy):
global xy, hanns, gamecompleted
if not hanns.success():
pole = hanns.on_mouse_over(x, y)
if pole is not None:
xy.append(pole)
if len(xy)==1:
hanns.setdiskcolor(xy[0], (255,0,0))
if not hanns.array[pole]:
hanns.setdiskcolor(xy[0])
xy.pop()
return
if len(xy)==2:
if xy[0]!=xy[1]:
info = hanns.move(*xy)
hanns.setdiskcolor(xy[0])
if info is False:
info1.text = '起始圆盘大于目标位置的圆盘'
elif info is None:
info1.text = '所选起始位置的塔架不能为空'
else:
info1.text = f'{hanns.order-hanns.array[xy[1]][-1]}号圆盘从{xy[0]+1}号塔架移动到{xy[1]+1}号塔架'
hanns.setdiskcolor(xy[0])
xy.clear()
info2.text = f'当前层数：{hanns.order}\t最佳步数：{2**hanns.order-1}\t当前步数：{hanns.steps}'
if hanns.success():
if hanns.order<24:
info1.text = f'恭喜您完成 {hanns.order} 层汉诺塔！任意点击层数加一！'
else:
info1.text = f'太棒了！您已完成 {hanns.order} 层汉诺塔，游戏结束！'
gamecompleted = True
return
elif not gamecompleted:
hanns = Hann(window.width/2, 120, hanns.order+1)
info1.text = f' {hanns.order} 层汉诺塔，游戏开始！'
info2.text = f'当前层数：{hanns.order}\t最佳步数：{2**hanns.order-1}\t当前步数：{hanns.steps}'
xy = []
order = 2
hanns = Hann(window.width/2, 120, order)
info1 = pyglet.text.Label('操作方法：鼠标先后点击起始和目标位置就能移动圆盘', font_size=21, color=(0,0,0,255), x=window.width/2, y=50, anchor_x='center', batch=batch)
info2 = pyglet.text.Label(f'当前层数：{order}\t最佳步数：{2**order-1}\t当前步数：0', font_size=18, color=(0,0,0,255), x=80, y=450, batch=batch)
gamecompleted = False
pyglet.app.run()
演示回放
优化代码，布局稍作调整，并加入帮助、演示和回放等功能。演示和回放的区别：演示功能是提供如何移动的教学帮助；回放功能则是展示用户自己的移动过程。
运行效果如下：
完整代码
import pyglet
from pyglet.window import key
Width, Height = 800, 500
window = pyglet.window.Window(Width, Height, caption='Tower of Hanoi')
screen = pyglet.canvas.Display().get_default_screen()
window.set_location((screen.width-Width)//2, (screen.height-Height)//2)
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(0.78, 0.88, 0.98, 1)
batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
group = pyglet.graphics.Group()
Color = (182,128,18),(25,65,160),(56,170,210),(16,188,78),(20,240,20),(240,240,20),(255,128,20),(240,20,20),(245,60,138)
class Disk:
def __init__(self, x, y, color=(0,0,0), width=200, height=20):
self.cir1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x+width/2-height/2, y, radius=height/2, color=color, batch=batch)
self.cir2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x-width/2+height/2, y, radius=height/2, color=color, batch=batch)
self.rect = pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(x-width/2+height/2, y-height/2, width-height, height, color=color, batch=batch)
def move(self, dx, dy):
self.cir1.x += dx; self.cir1.y += dy
self.cir2.x += dx; self.cir2.y += dy
self.rect.x += dx; self.rect.y += dy
class Hann:
def __init__(self, order=2, x=window.width/2, y=110, space=250, thickness=20, width=200, height=300):
assert(order>1)
self.pole = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+i*space, y, x+i*space, y+height, width=thickness, color=Color[0], batch=batch) for i in range(-1,2)]
self.disk = [Disk(x+i*space, y, color=Color[0], width=width+thickness, height=thickness) for i in range(-1,2)]
self.x, self.y = x, y
self.order = order
self.ordermax = 24
self.space = space
self.thickness = thickness
self.width = width
self.poleheight = height
self.beadheight = (height-thickness*2)/order
self.step = (width-thickness)/(order+1)
self.steps = 0
self.macro = []
self.posxy = []
self.click = False
self.ctrlz = False
self.playback = False
coordinates = [(self.x-space, self.y+(i+1)*self.beadheight-(self.beadheight-thickness)/2) for i in range(order)]
self.beads = [Disk(*pos, Color[i%8+1], width=self.width-i*self.step, height=self.beadheight) for i,pos in enumerate(coordinates)]
self.array = [[*range(order)], [], []]
self.arraymacro = []
def move(self, pole1, pole2):
if self.array[pole1]:
bead = self.array[pole1].pop()
if self.array[pole2] and bead<self.array[pole2][-1]:
self.array[pole1].append(bead)
return False
else:
return None
self.beads[bead].move((pole2-pole1)*self.space, (len(self.array[pole2])-len(self.array[pole1]))*self.beadheight)
self.array[pole2].append(bead)
self.steps += 1
self.click = True
self.macro.append((pole1, pole2))
self.arraymacro.append([array[:] for array in self.array])
return True
def set_color(self, n, color=Color[0]):
self.click = color==Color[0]
self.disk[n].cir1.color = color
self.disk[n].cir2.color = color
self.disk[n].rect.color = color
self.pole[n].color = color
def on_mouse_over(self, x, y):
for i in range(-1,2):
if hanns.x-hanns.width/2 < x-i*hanns.space < hanns.x+hanns.width/2 and hanns.y-hanns.thickness/2 < y < hanns.y+hanns.poleheight:
return i+1
def success(self):
return len(self.array[2]) == self.order
def hanoi(n, start=0, mid=1, end=2, moves=None):
if moves is None:
moves = []
if n == 1:
moves.append((start, end))
else:
hanoi(n-1, start, end, mid, moves)
moves.append((start, end))
hanoi(n-1, mid, start, end, moves)
return moves
def hanoimacro(n, start=0, mid=1, end=2, moves=None):
global macro, array
if moves is None:
moves = []
array = [[*range(n)],[],[]]
macro = [[[*range(n)],[],[]]]
if n == 1:
moves.append((start, end))
array[end].append(array[start].pop())
macro.append([disk[:] for disk in array])
else:
hanoimacro(n-1, start, end, mid, moves)
moves.append((start, end))
array[end].append(array[start].pop())
macro.append([disk[:] for disk in array])
hanoimacro(n-1, mid, start, end, moves)
return macro
@window.event
def on_draw():
window.clear()
batch.draw()
@window.event
def on_mouse_press(x, y, dx, dy):
global hanns, gamestarting, gamecompleted
if not gamestarting:
gamestarting = True
show_message(False)
return
elif hanns.playback:
return
if not hanns.success():
pole = hanns.on_mouse_over(x, y)
if pole is not None:
hanns.posxy.append(pole)
if len(hanns.posxy)==1:
hanns.set_color(hanns.posxy[0], (200,150,0))
if not hanns.array[pole]:
hanns.set_color(hanns.posxy[0])
hanns.posxy.pop()
return
if len(hanns.posxy)==2:
if hanns.posxy[0]!=hanns.posxy[1]:
info = hanns.move(*hanns.posxy)
hanns.set_color(hanns.posxy[0])
if info:
info1.text = information(3)
else:
info1.text = information(6)
hanns.set_color(hanns.posxy[0])
hanns.posxy.clear()
info2.text = information()
if hanns.success():
if hanns.order<24:
info1.text = information(4)
else:
info1.text = information(5)
gamecompleted = True
return
elif not gamecompleted:
hanns = Hann(hanns.order+1)
info1.text = information(0)
info2.text = information(2)
@window.event
def on_key_press(symbol, modifiers):
global hanns, macro, gamestarting
def show_how(event):
if macro:
hanns.move(*macro.pop(0))
info2.text = information()
else:
info1.text = info1.text.replace('中......', '完成！')
hanns.playback = False
pyglet.clock.unschedule(show_how)
if not gamestarting:
gamestarting = True
show_message(False)
return
if hanns.playback:
if symbol in (key.B, key.BREAK) and modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL:
macro.clear()
info1.text = info1.text.replace('中......', '终止，')+'游戏继续！'
return
if hanns.macro and hanns.click and not hanns.success() and symbol==key.Z and modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL:
hanns.ctrlz = not hanns.ctrlz
hanns.posxy = hanns.macro.pop()[::-1]
info = hanns.move(*hanns.posxy)
hanns.steps -= 2*hanns.ctrlz
hanns.posxy = []
elif symbol == key.H and modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL:
gamestarting = False
show_message(True)
elif symbol == key.R and modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL:
if hanns.steps:
hanns = Hann(hanns.order)
info1.text = information(0)
elif symbol == key.N and modifiers & (key.MOD_CTRL | key.MOD_SHIFT) and modifiers & key.MOD_SHIFT:
if hanns.order>2:
hanns = Hann(hanns.order-1)
info1.text = information(0)
else:
info1.text = information(7)
elif symbol == key.N and modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL and not modifiers & key.MOD_SHIFT:
if hanns.order<24:
hanns = Hann(hanns.order+1)
info1.text = information(0)
else:
info1.text = information(8)
elif symbol in (key.S, key.P) and modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL:
macro = hanns.macro
hanns = Hann(hanns.order)
hanns.playback = True
if symbol==key.S:
task = '演示中......'
macro = hanoi(hanns.order)
elif symbol==key.P:
task = '回放中......'
info1.text = f'{hanns.order} 层汉诺塔{task}'
pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(show_how, 9/(hanns.order**2+9))
info2.text = information()
def show_message(visible=True):
box1.visible = box2.visible = html.visible = visible
info1.text = information(0)
def messagebox():
global box1, box2, html
rect = 150, 90, 500, 330
box1 = pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(*rect, color=(255,255,255,200), batch=batch, group=group)
box2 = pyglet.shapes.Box(*rect, color=(255,0,0,255), thickness=3, batch=batch, group=group)
**（1）Python所有方向的学习路线（新版）**
这是我花了几天的时间去把Python所有方向的技术点做的整理，形成各个领域的知识点汇总，它的用处就在于，你可以按照上面的知识点去找对应的学习资源，保证自己学得较为全面。
最近我才对这些路线做了一下新的更新，知识体系更全面了。
**（2）Python学习视频**
包含了Python入门、爬虫、数据分析和web开发的学习视频，总共100多个，虽然没有那么全面，但是对于入门来说是没问题的，学完这些之后，你可以按照我上面的学习路线去网上找其他的知识资源进行进阶。
**（3）100多个练手项目**
我们在看视频学习的时候，不能光动眼动脑不动手，比较科学的学习方法是在理解之后运用它们，这时候练手项目就很适合了，只是里面的项目比较多，水平也是参差不齐，大家可以挑自己能做的项目去练练。
**网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。**
**[需要这份系统化学习资料的朋友，可以戳这里获取](https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/618317507)**
**一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远！不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！**
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