Kotlin学习手记——协程进阶(1)

简单总结就是，主从关系：无法坑爹，爹可以坑儿子。协同关系：可以坑爹，可以坑儿子，互相坑。

如果是应用的话，主要掌握框架级别的使用即可，语言级别的支持api来源于标准库，写起来比较麻烦也非常难理解。

这里launch会进行一次调度 ，delay会进行一次调度，每次调度完成会执行一次resume, 最终协程体执行完毕会执行一次resume, 所以内部有n个挂起点的协程体会执行n+2次resume.

DEFAULT 立即开始调度 和 UNDISPATCHED 立即开始执行协程体，这两个含义的区别是 DEFAULT 只是立即启动协程执行可能是异步的，而后者是直接执行协程体中的代码了。LAZY 是先创建协程体，然后在未来的某个时刻才去启动执行。

UNDISPATCHED 立即开始执行协程体，如果遇到挂起点，就切回主流程了，后面的协程体继续执行在单独的调度器。

import kotlinx.coroutines.*

@ExperimentalCoroutinesApi

suspend fun main() {

println(“start”)

testDefaultMode()

// testAtomicMode()

// testLazyMode()

// testUNDISPATCHEDMode()

println(“finish”)

}

suspend fun testDefaultMode() {

val defaultMode = GlobalScope.launch(start = CoroutineStart.DEFAULT) {

println(“aaa”)

delay(3000)

println(“bbb”)

}

println(“222”)

defaultMode.join()

}

@ExperimentalCoroutinesApi

suspend fun testAtomicMode() {

val defaultMode = GlobalScope.launch(start = CoroutineStart.ATOMIC) {

println(“aaa”)

delay(3000)

println(“bbb”)

}

println(“222”)

defaultMode.join()

}

suspend fun testLazyMode() {

val defaultMode = GlobalScope.async(start = CoroutineStart.LAZY) {

println(“aaa”)

delay(3000)

println(“bbb”)

}

println(“222”)

defaultMode.await()

}

@ExperimentalCoroutinesApi

suspend fun testUNDISPATCHEDMode() {

val defaultMode = GlobalScope.launch(start = CoroutineStart.UNDISPATCHED) {

println(“aaa”)

delay(3000)

println(“bbb”)

}

println(“222”)

defaultMode.join()

}

Default和IO线程的区别，IO内部多了一个队列的维护

回调转协程的完整写法：

import com.bennyhuo.kotlin.coroutines.advanced.common.gitHubServiceApi

import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine

import retrofit2.Call

import retrofit2.Callback

import retrofit2.HttpException

import retrofit2.Response

import kotlin.coroutines.resume

import kotlin.coroutines.resumeWithException

suspend fun Call.await(): T = suspendCancellableCoroutine { //可取消

continuation ->

continuation.invokeOnCancellation {

cancel() //调用retrofit的取消方法

}

enqueue(object: Callback {

override fun onFailure(call: Call, t: Throwable) {

continuation.resumeWithException(t)

}

override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: Response) {

response.takeIf { it.isSuccessful }?.body()?.also {continuation.resume(it) }

?: continuation.resumeWithException(HttpException(response))

}

})

}

suspend fun main() {

val user = gitHubServiceApi.getUserCallback(“flycumt”).await()

println(user)

}

也可以不自己写，retrofit的api中本身有实现await()方法，awaitResponse()方法等。

CompletableFuture 添加回调的写法：

import com.bennyhuo.kotlin.coroutines.advanced.utils.log

import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException

import kotlin.coroutines.resume

import kotlin.coroutines.resumeWithException

suspend fun main() {

val result = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync {

3

}.await()

log(result)

}

suspend fun CompletableFuture.await(): T {

if(isDone){

try {

return get()

} catch (e: ExecutionException) {

throw e.cause ?: e

}

}

return suspendCancellableCoroutine { //可取消

cancellableContinuation ->

cancellableContinuation.invokeOnCancellation {

cancel(true) //取消

}

whenComplete { value, throwable ->

if(throwable == null){

cancellableContinuation.resume(value)

} else {

cancellableContinuation.resumeWithException(throwable.cause ?: throwable)

}

}

}

}

CompletableFuture本身也有实现await()方法。

模仿给Handler扩展添加可取消的支持：

suspend fun Handler.run(block: () -> T) = suspendCoroutine { continuation ->

post {

try {

continuation.resume(block())

} catch (e: Exception) {

continuation.resumeWithException(e)

}

}

}

suspend fun Handler.runDelay(delay: Long, block: () -> T) = suspendCancellableCoroutine { continuation ->

val message = Message.obtain(this) { //Message obtain(Handler h, Runnable callback)

try {

continuation.resume(block())

} catch (e: Exception){

continuation.resumeWithException(e)

}

}.also {

it.obj = continuation //message.obj

}

continuation.invokeOnCancellation {

removeCallbacksAndMessages(continuation) //通过Handler的removeCallbacksAndMessages方法来取消回调, 参数就是前面设置的message.obj的值

}

sendMessageDelayed(message, delay)

}

suspend fun main() {

Looper.prepareMainLooper()

GlobalScope.launch {

val handler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())

val result = handler.run { “Hello” }

val delayedResult = handler.runDelay(5000){ “World” }

log(result, delayedResult)

Looper.getMainLooper().quit()

}

Looper.loop()

}

这个例子的主要意图是，Hanlder可以通过定义扩展函数的方式来延时获取一些东西，比如Activity刚创建的时候，拿不到view的宽和高，就可以使用这种方法。

上面三个例子主要是针对可取消的写法，如果实际用，不用自己写，直接导库就行。

其中CONFLATED比较适合用于状态更新，比如进度条的进度，因为它总是只取最新的。

关闭后再发送会抛异常：

channel关闭后，channel中的数据仍然可以被接受，只有当channel中的数据消费完了，isClosedForReceive才为true.

suspend fun main() {

basics()

}

suspend fun basics() {

val channel = Channel(Channel.RENDEZVOUS)

// val channel = Channel(Channel.UNLIMITED)

// val channel = Channel(Channel.CONFLATED)

// val channel = Channel(Channel.BUFFERED)

// val channel = Channel(1)

//生产者 发

val producer = GlobalScope.launch {

for (i in 0…3) {

log(“sending”, i)

channel.send(i)

log(“sent”, i)

}

channel.close()

}

//消费者 收

val consumer = GlobalScope.launch {

while (!channel.isClosedForReceive) {

log(“receiving”)

val value = channel.receiveOrNull()

log(“received”, value)

}

}

producer.join()

consumer.join()

}

Channel(Channel.RENDEZVOUS ) 的方式是发一个收一个，边发边收，如果没有接受的，发送者会挂起等待，输出如下：

Channel(Channel.UNLIMITED ) 的方式是全部发送完毕，才会接收到，先发后收，发送者发送完就返回了，不管有没有接受者，输出如下：

Channel(Channel.CONFLATED ) 的方式是不管发了多少个，只能收到最后一个，也是发送完就返回了，不管有没有接受者，输出如下：

Channel(Channel.BUFFERED ) 的方式也是发送者发送完就返回了，不管有没有接受者，可以指定buffer大小，输出如下：

Channel(1) 的方式指定管道的容量大小，如果数据超过容量，发送者就会挂起等待，直到有接受者取走数据，发送者才发送下一批数据，

channel接受数据的时候可以直接当成迭代器使用：

suspend fun iterateChannel() {

val channel = Channel(Channel.UNLIMITED)

val producer = GlobalScope.launch {

for (i in 0…3) {

log(“sending”, i)

channel.send(i)

log(“sent”, i)

}

channel.close()

}

val consumer = GlobalScope.launch {

for (i in channel) {

log("received: ", i)

}

}

producer.join()

consumer.join()

}

suspend fun producer() {

val receiveChannel = GlobalScope.produce(capacity = Channel.UNLIMITED) {

for (i in 0…3) {

log(“sending”, i)

send(i)

log(“sent”, i)

}

}

val consumer = GlobalScope.launch {

for (i in receiveChannel) {

log("received: ", i)

}

}

consumer.join()

}

suspend fun consumer() {

val sendChannel = GlobalScope.actor(capacity = Channel.UNLIMITED) {

for (i in this) {

log("received: ", i)

}

}

val producer = GlobalScope.launch {

for (i in 0…3) {

log(“sending”, i)

sendChannel.send(i)

log(“sent”, i)

}

}

producer.join()

}

suspend fun broadcast() {

//下面几种都可以创建一个BroadcastChannel

//val broadcastChannel = BroadcastChannel(Channel.BUFFERED)

//val broadcastChannel = Channel(Channel.BUFFERED).broadcast()

val broadcastChannel = GlobalScope.broadcast {

for (i in 0…5) {

send(i)

}

}

//启动5个接受者，每个都能收到

List(5) { index ->

GlobalScope.launch {

val receiveChannel = broadcastChannel.openSubscription()

for (i in receiveChannel) {

log(“[#$index] received: $i”)

}

}

}.joinAll()

}

输出：

Task :ChannelsKt.main()

21:07:12:924 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-3 @coroutine#2] [#0] received: 0

21:07:12:924 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-5 @coroutine#6] [#4] received: 0

21:07:12:924 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-1 @coroutine#3] [#1] received: 0

21:07:12:925 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-4 @coroutine#5] [#3] received: 0

21:07:12:925 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-2 @coroutine#4] [#2] received: 0

21:07:12:944 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-1 @coroutine#3] [#1] received: 1

21:07:12:943 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-3 @coroutine#2] [#0] received: 1

21:07:12:943 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-5 @coroutine#6] [#4] received: 1

21:07:12:944 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-4 @coroutine#5] [#3] received: 1

21:07:12:945 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-2 @coroutine#4] [#2] received: 1

21:07:12:945 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-2 @coroutine#4] [#2] received: 2

21:07:12:945 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-8 @coroutine#3] [#1] received: 2

21:07:12:945 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-8 @coroutine#3] [#1] received: 3

21:07:12:945 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-7 @coroutine#4] [#2] received: 3

21:07:12:945 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-2 @coroutine#6] [#4] received: 2

21:07:12:946 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-2 @coroutine#6] [#4] received: 3

21:07:12:946 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-8 @coroutine#5] [#3] received: 2

21:07:12:946 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-8 @coroutine#5] [#3] received: 3

21:07:12:946 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-3 @coroutine#2] [#0] received: 2

21:07:12:946 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-3 @coroutine#2] [#0] received: 3

21:07:12:946 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-1 @coroutine#3] [#1] received: 4

21:07:12:946 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-3 @coroutine#2] [#0] received: 4

21:07:12:946 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-1 @coroutine#6] [#4] received: 4

21:07:12:947 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-6 @coroutine#5] [#3] received: 4

21:07:12:947 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-6 @coroutine#5] [#3] received: 5

21:07:12:947 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-2 @coroutine#3] [#1] received: 5

21:07:12:947 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-6 @coroutine#2] [#0] received: 5

21:07:12:947 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-2 @coroutine#6] [#4] received: 5

21:07:12:947 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-3 @coroutine#4] [#2] received: 4

21:07:12:947 [DefaultDispatcher-worker-3 @coroutine#4] [#2] received: 5

Select的使用场景是多个协程异步执行时，获取最先结束的那个协程结果返回，比如加载图片时，可能从网络获取，也可能从本地获取，这两种可能同时异步执行，使用Select就会优先获取返回比较快的本地结果展示，然后我们再去获取网络最新的更新即可。

使用例子：

val localDir = File(“localCache”).also { it.mkdirs() }

val gson = Gson()

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