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现在大家看到的 Spring 配置头部一般都是这样,这就是 Schema 约束:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans”
xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
xmlns:context=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/context”
xsi:schemaLocation=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd”>
schema 约束对命名空间有着很好的支持,命名空间可以防止命名冲突,schema 中的名称空间和约束文件都是成对出现的。
有了约束,XML 文件中该写什么不该写什么就固定下来了,这样框架才能成功解析出 XML 文件。
但是大家同时也发现了一个新的问题,无论是 DTD 还是 Schema 约束,给出的约束文件地址都是一个在线地址,这就意味着项目启动时必须能够访问到该在线地址,才能加载到约束文件,如果访问在线约束文件失败,那么项目启动也会失败。
为了解决这个问题,框架一般都是将约束文件放在本地的,在本地哪里呢?实际上就在你下载的 jar 包里。以 spring-beans 为例,在下载的 jar 包里有如下两个文件:
spring.handlers 文件内容如下:
http://www.springframework.org/schema/c=org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.SimpleConstructorNamespaceHandler
http://www.springframework.org/schema/p=org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.SimplePropertyNamespaceHandler
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util=org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.UtilNamespaceHandler
这其实一个映射配置,每一个名称空间对应的处理类在这里进行配置。
spring.schemas 文件内容如下(部分):
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans.xsd
可以看到,各种版本以及没有版本号的约束文件,都对应了同一个文件,就是 org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans.xsd,打开这个文件目录,我们就可以看到约束文件:
所以我们虽然在 Spring 的 XML 配置中看到的约束文件是一个在线地址,实际上约束文件是从本地 jar 中读取的。
EntityResolver 就是用来处理 XML 验证的。我们先来看下 EntityResolver 接口的定义:
public interface EntityResolver {
public abstract InputSource resolveEntity (String publicId,
String systemId)
throws SAXException, IOException;
}
接口中就只有一个方法,就是加载约束文件。在 Spring 中,EntityResolver 的实现类是 DelegatingEntityResolver:
public class DelegatingEntityResolver implements EntityResolver {
public static final String DTD_SUFFIX = “.dtd”;
public static final String XSD_SUFFIX = “.xsd”;
private final EntityResolver dtdResolver;
private final EntityResolver schemaResolver;
public DelegatingEntityResolver(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
this.dtdResolver = new BeansDtdResolver();
this.schemaResolver = new PluggableSchemaResolver(classLoader);
}
public DelegatingEntityResolver(EntityResolver dtdResolver, EntityResolver schemaResolver) {
this.dtdResolver = dtdResolver;
this.schemaResolver = schemaResolver;
}
@Override
@Nullable
public InputSource resolveEntity(@Nullable String publicId, @Nullable String systemId)
throws SAXException, IOException {
if (systemId != null) {
if (systemId.endsWith(DTD_SUFFIX)) {
return this.dtdResolver.resolveEntity(publicId, systemId);
}
else if (systemId.endsWith(XSD_SUFFIX)) {
return this.schemaResolver.resolveEntity(publicId, systemId);
}
}
return null;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "EntityResolver delegating " + XSD_SUFFIX + " to " + this.schemaResolver +
" and " + DTD_SUFFIX + " to " + this.dtdResolver;
}
}
在 DelegatingEntityResolver 类中:
-
首先通过两种不同的后缀来区分不同的约束。
-
然后定义了 dtdResolver 和 schemaResolver 两个不同的变量,对应的类型分别是 BeansDtdResolver 和 PluggableSchemaResolver,也就是 dtd 和 schema 的约束验证分别由这两个类来处理。
-
在 resolveEntity 方法中,根据解析出来不同的后缀,分别交由不同的 EntityResolver 来处理。resolveEntity 解析中有两个参数,如果是 dtd 解析的话,publicId 是有值的,如果是 schema 解析,publicId 为 null,而 systemId 则始终指向具体的约束文件。
由于现在大部分都是 schema 约束,所以这里我们就来重点看下 PluggableSchemaResolver 类的实现:
public class PluggableSchemaResolver implements EntityResolver {
public static final String DEFAULT_SCHEMA_MAPPINGS_LOCATION = “META-INF/spring.schemas”;
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(PluggableSchemaResolver.class);
@Nullable
private final ClassLoader classLoader;
private final String schemaMappingsLocation;
@Nullable
private volatile Map<String, String> schemaMappings;
public PluggableSchemaResolver(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
this.classLoader = classLoader;
this.schemaMappingsLocation = DEFAULT_SCHEMA_MAPPINGS_LOCATION;
}
public PluggableSchemaResolver(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader, String schemaMappingsLocation) {
Assert.hasText(schemaMappingsLocation, “‘schemaMappingsLocation’ must not be empty”);
this.classLoader = classLoader;
this.schemaMappingsLocation = schemaMappingsLocation;
}
@Override
@Nullable
public InputSource resolveEntity(@Nullable String publicId, @Nullable String systemId) throws IOException {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace(“Trying to resolve XML entity with public id [” + publicId +
“] and system id [” + systemId + “]”);
}
if (systemId != null) {
String resourceLocation = getSchemaMappings().get(systemId);
if (resourceLocation == null && systemId.startsWith(“https:”)) {
resourceLocation = getSchemaMappings().get(“http:” + systemId.substring(6));
}
if (resourceLocation != null) {
Resource resource = new ClassPathResource(resourceLocation, this.classLoader);
try {
InputSource source = new InputSource(resource.getInputStream());
source.setPublicId(publicId);
source.setSystemId(systemId);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace(“Found XML schema [” + systemId + "] in classpath: " + resourceLocation);
}
return source;
}
catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug(“Could not find XML schema [” + systemId + "]: " + resource, ex);
}
}
}
}
return null;
}
private Map<String, String> getSchemaMappings() {
Map<String, String> schemaMappings = this.schemaMappings;
if (schemaMappings == null) {
synchronized (this) {
schemaMappings = this.schemaMappings;
if (schemaMappings == null) {
try {
Properties mappings =
PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadAllProperties(this.schemaMappingsLocation, this.classLoader);
schemaMappings = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(mappings.size());
CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(mappings, schemaMappings);
this.schemaMappings = schemaMappings;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
“Unable to load schema mappings from location [” + this.schemaMappingsLocation + “]”, ex);
}
}
}
}
return schemaMappings;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "EntityResolver using schema mappings " + getSchemaMappings();
}
}
-
在这个类中,一上来先通过 DEFAULT_SCHEMA_MAPPINGS_LOCATION 变量定义了 spring.schemas 文件的位置。
-
getSchemaMappings 方法则是将 spring.schemas 文件中的内容读取成一个 Map 加载进来。
-
在 resolveEntity 方法中,根据 systemId 找到文件路径,systemId 是
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
格式,文件路径则是org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans.xsd
,如果第一次没有加载到,就把用户的https:
替换成http:
再去加载。
总结
对于面试,一定要有良好的心态,这位小伙伴面试美团的时候没有被前面阿里的面试影响到,发挥也很正常,也就能顺利拿下美团的offer。
小编还整理了大厂java程序员面试涉及到的绝大部分面试题及答案,希望能帮助到大家,
最后感谢大家的支持,希望小编整理的资料能够帮助到大家!也祝愿大家都能够升职加薪!
《一线大厂Java面试题解析+核心总结学习笔记+最新讲解视频+实战项目源码》,点击传送门,即可获取!
g-beans.xsd,如果第一次没有加载到,就把用户的
https:替换成
http:` 再去加载。
总结
对于面试,一定要有良好的心态,这位小伙伴面试美团的时候没有被前面阿里的面试影响到,发挥也很正常,也就能顺利拿下美团的offer。
小编还整理了大厂java程序员面试涉及到的绝大部分面试题及答案,希望能帮助到大家,
[外链图片转存中…(img-J8eF4GO9-1714752936409)]
[外链图片转存中…(img-kOFRnyiE-1714752936410)]
最后感谢大家的支持,希望小编整理的资料能够帮助到大家!也祝愿大家都能够升职加薪!
《一线大厂Java面试题解析+核心总结学习笔记+最新讲解视频+实战项目源码》,点击传送门,即可获取!