自动化测试框架Pytest使用mark和参数化固定装置、测试函数_pytest_configure

$ pytest -m smoke
========================================================================= test session starts ==========================================================================
platform win32 – Python 3.9.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: D:\src\blog\tests, configfile: pytest.ini
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, caterpillar-pytest-0.0.2, hypothesis-6.31.6, forked-1.3.0, rerunfailures-10.1, xdist-2.3.0
collected 3 items / 2 deselected / 1 selected

test_demo.py . [100%]

=================================================================== 1 passed, 2 deselected in 0.04s ====================================================================

方式二：在conftest.py文件中重写pytest_configure函数即可，比如如下，注册两个mark：smoke和test

def pytest_configure(config):
config.addinivalue_line(
“markers”, “smoke: smoke test”
)
config.addinivalue_line(
“markers”, “test: system test”
)

test_demo.py代码如下：

import pytest

@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_func():
assert 1==1

@pytest.mark.test
def test_func2():
assert 1==1

def test_func3():
assert 1==1

通过pytest -m test 执行结果如下：

$ pytest -m test
========================================================================= test session starts ==========================================================================
platform win32 – Python 3.9.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: D:\src\blog\tests
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, caterpillar-pytest-0.0.2, hypothesis-6.31.6, forked-1.3.0, rerunfailures-10.1, xdist-2.3.0
collected 3 items / 2 deselected / 1 selected

test_demo.py . [100%]

=================================================================== 1 passed, 2 deselected in 0.02s ====================================================================

四、对未注册mark的限制

默认情况下，对未注册mark直接使用是会产生一条告警信息，比如这里把pytest.ini和conftest.py都删除掉，只剩test_demo.py一个文件

test_demo.py代码如下

import pytest

@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_func():
assert 1==1

@pytest.mark.test
def test_func2():
assert 1==1

def test_func3():
assert 1==1

直接使用 pytest -m smoke 执行结果如下，可以发现这里产生了两条告警，这就是因为这两条告警未在pytest.ini或者conftest.py中进行注册的原因，在实际项目开发中如果在执行测试的时候发现了这种大片告警打印，解决办法就是在pytest.ini或者conftest.py将这些告警报出的mark都进行注册即可

$ pytest -m smoke
========================================================================= test session starts ==========================================================================
platform win32 – Python 3.9.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: D:\src\blog\tests
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, caterpillar-pytest-0.0.2, hypothesis-6.31.6, forked-1.3.0, rerunfailures-10.1, xdist-2.3.0
collected 3 items / 2 deselected / 1 selected

test_demo.py . [100%]

=========================================================================== warnings summary ===========================================================================
test_demo.py:3
D:\src\blog\tests\test_demo.py:3: PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.smoke - is this a typo? You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for deta
ils, see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/mark.html
@pytest.mark.smoke

test_demo.py:7
D:\src\blog\tests\test_demo.py:7: PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.test - is this a typo? You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for detai
ls, see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/mark.html
@pytest.mark.test

– Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/warnings.html
============================================================= 1 passed, 2 deselected, 2 warnings in 0.02s ==============================================================

如果希望强制限制必须先注册再使用mark，则可以在pytest.ini中加上如下配置即可

[pytest]
addopts = --strict-markers

比如test_demo.py代码：

import pytest

@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_func():
assert 1==1

@pytest.mark.test
def test_func2():
assert 1==1

def test_func3():
assert 1==1

此时继续使用pytest -m smoke执行结果如下，发现此时已经报错了，即强制限制必须对mark进行注册

$ pytest -m smoke
========================================================================= test session starts ==========================================================================
platform win32 – Python 3.9.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: D:\src\blog\tests, configfile: pytest.ini
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, caterpillar-pytest-0.0.2, hypothesis-6.31.6, forked-1.3.0, rerunfailures-10.1, xdist-2.3.0
collected 0 items / 1 error

================================================================================ ERRORS ================================================================================
____________________________________________________________________ ERROR collecting test_demo.py _____________________________________________________________________
‘smoke’ not found in markers configuration option
======================================================================= short test summary info ========================================================================
ERROR test_demo.py
!!! Interrupted: 1 error during collection !!!
=========================================================================== 1 error in 0.14s ===========================================================================

五、 参数化固定装置、测试函数

Pytest可以在以下几个级别上实现测试参数化：

pytest.fixture() 允许 parametrize fixture functions

@pytest.mark.parametrize 定义多组参数、固定装置在测试函数、类上面

pytest_generate_tests 允许用户定义自定义参数化方案或扩展。

1.参数化测试函数：@pytest.mark.parametrize

（1） @parametrize 装饰器定义了三个不同的元组

@parametrize 装饰器定义了三个不同的(test_input,expected)元组，以便test_eval函数将依次使用它们运行三次：

content of test_expectation.py

import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize(“test_input,expected”, [(“3+5”, 8), (“2+4”, 6), (“6*9”, 42)])
def test_eval(test_input, expected):
assert eval(test_input) == expected

C:\Users\Desktop\python>pytest test_expectation.py
================================================== test session starts ===================================================
platform win32 – Python 3.8.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.11.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: C:\Users\X21201\Desktop\python
collected 3 items
test_expectation.py …F [100%]
======================================================== FAILURES ========================================================
___________________________________________________ test_eval[69-42] ____________________________________________________
test_input = '69’, expected = 42
@pytest.mark.parametrize(“test_input,expected”, [(“3+5”, 8), (“2+4”, 6), (“6*9”, 42)])
def test_eval(test_input, expected):

  assert eval(test_input) == expected

E AssertionError: assert 54 == 42
E + where 54 = eval('69’)
test_expectation.py:7: AssertionError
================================================ short test summary info =================================================
FAILED test_expectation.py::test_eval[69-42] - AssertionError: assert 54 == 42
============================================== 1 failed, 2 passed in 0.07s ===============================================

（2）在类或模块上使用参数化标记

import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize(“n,expected”, [(1, 2), (3, 4)])
class TestClass:
def test_simple_case(self, n, expected):
assert n + 1 == expected
def test_weird_simple_case(self, n, expected):
assert (n * 1) + 1 == expected
复制代码

collected 4 items
test_expectation.py::TestClass::test_simple_case[1-2] PASSED
test_expectation.py::TestClass::test_simple_case[3-4] PASSED
test_expectation.py::TestClass::test_weird_simple_case[1-2] PASSED
test_expectation.py::TestClass::test_weird_simple_case[3-4] PASSED

（3）参数化一个py文件中所有测试

import pytest
pytestmark = pytest.mark.parametrize(“n,expected”, [(1, 2), (3, 4)])
class TestClass:
def test_simple_case(self, n, expected):
assert n + 1 == expected
def test_weird_simple_case(self, n, expected):
assert (n * 1) + 1 == expected
class TestDemo:
def test_simple_case_001(self, n, expected):
assert n + 1 == expected

collected 6 items
test_expectation.py::TestClass::test_simple_case[1-2] PASSED
test_expectation.py::TestClass::test_simple_case[3-4] PASSED
test_expectation.py::TestClass::test_weird_simple_case[1-2] PASSED
test_expectation.py::TestClass::test_weird_simple_case[3-4] PASSED
test_expectation.py::TestDemo::test_simple_case_001[1-2] PASSED
test_expectation.py::TestDemo::test_simple_case_001[3-4] PASSED

（4）参数化中标记单个测试实例：使用 mark.xfail：

import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize(“test_input,expected”,[(“3+5”, 8), (“2+4”, 6), pytest.param(“6*9”, 42, marks=pytest.mark.xfail)],)
def test_eval(test_input, expected):
assert eval(test_input) == expected

collected 3 items
test_expectation.py::test_eval[3+5-8] PASSED
test_expectation.py::test_eval[2+4-6] PASSED
test_expectation.py::test_eval[6*9-42] XFAIL

（5） 参数的所有组合：堆叠参数化装饰器

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