JVM学习（四）JVM中的对象及引用(1)，2024年最新java技术面试官

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-17 07:31:09 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-07-17 07:31:09 发布
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分类专栏： 2024年程序员学习 文章标签： jvm 学习 java
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正文

| — | — |

| 区域1 | 否 |

| 区域2 | 是 |

| 区域3 | 是 |

| 区域4 | 是 |

| 区域5 | 否 |

| 区域6 | 否 |

| 区域7 | 否 |

| 区域8 | 否 |

| 区域9 | 否 |

当需要分配内存时，JVM从空闲列表中检索可用的区域来分配内存

并发安全

当程序在运行时，不是只有一个线程需要创建对象，而是几乎所有的线程都需要创建对象，这时候为对象分配内存区域就会存在并发安全问题，假如线程1的Obj1和线程2的Obj2被分配了同一个内存区域，那程序就乱套了。JVM解决对象内存分配的并发安全问题的方式也有两种：

1. CAS

图源：King老师

图源：King老师

从上面的图中可以看出来，当JVM要为一个对象划分一块内存区域时，会使用CAS的方式，即，先读取当前内存地址A的值，经过JVM的预处理，然后将上次读取的值与现在内存地址A的值做比较，如果这两次读到的值相同，则分配成功，也就是Compare and Swap

2. TLAB

使用CAS的方式已经相对较快的（毕竟没有同步块），但是依旧需要进行一次Compare and Swap，还是有性能的损耗。所以JVM中有一个TLAB（Thread Local Allocation Buffer）机制，这是一块存在于Eden中的线程独享的内存区域，由于是线程独享的，所以并不存在并发问题，也就是快。但是TLAB的默认值是Eden的1%，如果对象比较大，还是得通过CAS的方式在堆中分配（不一定会分配在Eden中！大对象的话，会直接分配到年老代）

对象的内存布局

对象的内存布局大体如下：

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不一定

如果是数组

对象

对象头

实例数据

对齐填充

对象类型指针

数组长度

mark word

哈希码

对象分代年龄

锁状态标识

线程持有的锁

偏向线程id

偏向时间戳

在一个对象中，一定会有的是对象头和实例数据，但是不一定会有对齐填充。因为虚拟机规范中规范每个对象的大小都必须是8byte的整数倍，如果当前对象的实例数据+对象头的大小不是8字节的整数倍，那就需要对齐填充，将这个对象填充够8字节的整数倍。

整理一下对象的内存布局

  1. 对象头

  2. 对象运行时数据（mark word）

  3. 哈希码

  4. GC分代年龄

  5. 锁状态标识

  6. 线程持有的锁

  7. 偏向线程id

  8. 偏向时间戳

  9. 对象的类型指针

  10. 如果对象是数组类型，那还会存储数组的长度

  11. 实例数据

  12. 对齐填充（不是100%有）

对象的访问定位

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对象访问定位有两种方式：

句柄池

使用句柄池的方式访问对象的意思是，栈帧中局部变量中的引用指向的句柄池中的某个句柄，然后这个句柄再指向堆中的某个对象，大概就是这样：

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局部变量表中的引用

句柄A

对象1

优点：这样做的优点是局部变量表中的引用是指向句柄池中的句柄的，当对象发生变化（被回收或被移动到其他的内存地址）时，只需要更新句柄池对对象的引用即可，这样可以保证程序的稳定

缺点：由于引入了句柄池，导致了对象的访问多了一次处理从而降低了访问速度

引申：句柄池在堆里

直接指针

直接指针就是这样的：中间没有句柄池，局部变量表中的引用直接指向堆中的内存对象

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局部变量表中的引用

对象1

优点：没有句柄池，也就没有中间过程，对象的访问速度提升了

缺点：实现复杂

引申：现在的Hotspot是使用直接指针的方式访问对象的

垃圾回收

====================================================================

众所周知，JVM的内存是自动回收的，开发人员大多数情况下不需要手动申请（malloc）、释放（free）内存。但是像C、C++这类语言是需要手动申请、释放内存的。

手动管理内存的申请释放容易产生两种问题：

  1. 忘记释放

会导致内存泄露

  1. 反复释放

会导致释放有用的内存对象，比如下面这样：

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线程1

malloc

do something

free

do something

free

线程2

do something

do something

malloc

do something

线程1 M   F   F

线程2        M

也就是说线程1free了内存之后，线程2malloc了相同地址的内存，然后线程1反复释放了同一个地址的内存，这就会导致线程2在相同地址上创建的对象丢失

如何判断对象的是否是垃圾

引用计数法

在引用计数法中，如果没有任何引用指向一个或多个对象，那么这些对象就是垃圾的

对象上记录了自己被引用的次数，每次引用会使引用次数+1，每次置空会使引用-1

存在的问题：引用计数法无法解决循环引用的问题

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引用

引用

对象1

对象2

上面这种引用关系下，对象1的引用计数为1，对象2的引用计数也是1，虽然它们与整体已经没有任何关系，但是因为彼此之间持有引用，就导致引用计数!=0最终无法被回收

总目录展示

该笔记共八个节点（由浅入深），分为三大模块。

高性能。 秒杀涉及大量的并发读和并发写，因此支持高并发访问这点非常关键。该笔记将从设计数据的动静分离方案、热点的发现与隔离、请求的削峰与分层过滤、服务端的极致优化这4个方面重点介绍。

一致性。 秒杀中商品减库存的实现方式同样关键。可想而知，有限数量的商品在同一时刻被很多倍的请求同时来减库存，减库存又分为“拍下减库存”“付款减库存”以及预扣等几种，在大并发更新的过程中都要保证数据的准确性，其难度可想而知。因此，将用一个节点来专门讲解如何设计秒杀减库存方案。

高可用。 虽然介绍了很多极致的优化思路，但现实中总难免出现一些我们考虑不到的情况，所以要保证系统的高可用和正确性，还要设计一个PlanB来兜底，以便在最坏情况发生时仍然能够从容应对。笔记的最后，将带你思考可以从哪些环节来设计兜底方案。

篇幅有限，无法一个模块一个模块详细的展示（这些要点都收集在了这份《高并发秒杀顶级教程》里），麻烦各位转发一下（可以帮助更多的人看到哟！）

由于内容太多，这里只截取部分的内容。

网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。

需要这份系统化的资料的朋友，可以添加V获取：vip1024b （备注Java）
img

一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远！不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！
发秒杀顶级教程》里），麻烦各位转发一下（可以帮助更多的人看到哟！）

[外链图片转存中…(img-pwjyAwRV-1713422185848)]

[外链图片转存中…(img-YaVHKjF4-1713422185848)]

由于内容太多，这里只截取部分的内容。

网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。

需要这份系统化的资料的朋友，可以添加V获取：vip1024b （备注Java）
[外链图片转存中…(img-MMFO0lKU-1713422185849)]

一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远！不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！

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深入JVM对象引用
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JVM中的对象及引用new的过程分配内存1. 指针碰撞2. 空闲列表并发安全1. CAS2. TLAB对象的内存布局对象的访问定位句柄池直接指针 new的过程 基本上所有的对象都是通过new关键字创建出来的，类似下面这样的 MyObject my = new MyObject() 当JVM遇到new时，会按照下面的流程处理 Created with Raphaël 2.2.0开始类加载检查加载分配内存内存空间初始化设置对象初始化结束 类加载，先加载对象的class 检查加载，确认class加载 分配内存
java强引用、软引用、弱引用、虚引用
weixin_30378311的博客
08-27 146
前言概述 在JDK1.2以前的版本中，当一个对象不被任何变量引用，那么程序就无法再使用这个对象。这就像在日常生活中，从商店购买了某样物品后，如果有用，就一直保留它，否则就把它扔到垃圾箱，由清洁工人收走。一般说来，如果物品已经被扔到垃圾箱，想再把它捡回来使用就不可能了。 但有时候情况并不这么简单，你可能会遇到类似鸡肋一样的物品，食之无味，弃之可惜。这种物品现在已经无用了，保留它会占空间，但是立刻...
JVM内存回收对象及引用分析
weixin_34102807的博客
04-23 78
自动垃圾回收是Java相较于C++的一个重要的特点，想了解JVM的垃圾回收机制，首先我们要知道垃圾回收是回收什么地方的垃圾，我在我的上一篇博客《JVM内存区域划分》里面有写到JVM里面的内存是怎么分布的，这里的回收主要是指对上文中提到的Java堆和方法区的内存的回收。 什么样的对象可以被回收 知道了回收哪里的内存之后，我们还需要知道什么样的对象是可以被回收，或者说是需要被回收的，这些对象我们称之为...
JVM四种对象引用
solo_jm的博客
04-01 380
前言 从 JDK1.2 版本开始，把对象的引用分为四种级别，从而使程序能更加灵活的控制对象的生命周期。 强引用 例如，o就是一个强引用。 Object o = new Object(); 特点： 只要还有强引用指向一个对象，垃圾收集器就不会回收这个对象。 显式地设置 o 为 null，或者超出对象的生命周期，此时就可以回收这个对象。 软引用 如果一个对象只具有软引用，在内存足够时，垃圾回收器...
2024最新华为Java校招面试题，java开发中常见中间件面试
2301_82241819的博客
04-20 990
介绍一下自己问项目经历, 聊"数据同步"接着聊上了 K8S 的项目有没有什么钻研得比较深得技术？（大佬：kubernetes, golang, prometheus, java）kubernetes 的架构是怎么样的?这个问题很大，拆成 apiserver、controller、kubelet、scheduler 讲了一下golang 与 java 的比较这个问题又很大，当时主要对比了 vm、协程支持、面向对象和泛型的区别、以及自己对各自使用场景的一些理解golang 的 gc 算法。
JVM学习（四）JVM中的对象及引用，2024年最新javalinux面试题
2401_84411956的博客
04-18 299
机会是留给有准备的人，大家在求职之前应该要明确自己的态度，熟悉求职流程，做好充分的准备，把一些可预见的事情做好。对于应届毕业生来说，校招更适合你们，因为绝大部分都不会有工作经验，企业也不会有工作经验的需求。同时，你也不需要伪造高大上的实战经验，以此让自己的简历能够脱颖而出，反倒会让面试官有所怀疑。你在大学时期应该明确自己的发展方向，如果你在大一就确定你以后想成为Java工程师，那就不要花太多的时间去学习其他的技术语言，高数之类的，不如好好想着如何夯实Java基础。请转发本文支持一下。
一文深度讲解JVM 内存分析工具 MAT及实践（建议收藏），应届生面试java开发工程师的题库及答案
2401_84438893的博客
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可以使用 Distinct 关键词去重。我为什么要写这篇文章呢，其实我觉得学习是不能停下脚步的，在网络上和大家一起分享，一起讨论，不单单可以遇到更多一样的人，还可以扩大自己的眼界，学习到更多的技术，我还会在csdn、博客、掘金等网站上分享技术，这也是一种学习的方法。我为什么要写这篇文章呢，其实我觉得学习是不能停下脚步的，在网络上和大家一起分享，一起讨论，不单单可以遇到更多一样的人，还可以扩大自己的眼界，学习到更多的技术，我还会在csdn、博客、掘金等网站上分享技术，这也是一种学习的方法。
高级java每日一道面试题-2024年7月17日-JVM篇-java中都有哪些引用类型?
最新发布
qq_43071699的博客
07-17 1009
每种引用类型都有其特定的使用场景，合理使用它们可以有效地管理应用程序的内存使用，特别是在需要考虑资源管理和垃圾回收策略的高性能或低资源环境中。在实际应用中，了解和掌握这些引用类型的工作机制，可以帮助开发者更好地优化代码，避免内存泄漏等问题。
JVM之四种对象引用
qq_37685457的博客
05-12 310
强引用： JVM默认的就是强引用，new一个对象放在堆内存，然后用一个引用指向它，这就是强引用。如果一个对象具有强引用，那垃圾回收器是绝对不会回收它的，当内存空间不足的时候，java虚拟机宁愿抛出OutOfMemoryError错误，也不愿回收具有强引用的对象来解决内存不足问题。 软引用： 软引用（java.lang.r...
02_JVM中的对象及引用
qq_38438909的博客
05-13 155
文章目录1. JVM中的对象及引用1.1 Java对象的创建1.1.1 对象的内存分配1）类型检查2）分配内存指针碰撞空闲列表并发安全问题CASTLAB3）内存空间初始化4）设置5）对象初始化2.1 对象的内存布局3.1 对象的访问定位句柄直接指针 1. JVM中的对象及引用 1.1 Java对象的创建 1.1.1 对象的内存分配   当Java虚拟机遇到一条字节码new指令时，首先将去检查这个指令的参数是否能在常量池中定位到一个类的符号引用，并且检查这个符号引用代表的类是否已被加载、解析和初始化过。如
JVM 3：对象及引用
Fisher3652的博客
07-22 320
JVM 中的对象及引用1.JVM 中对象的创建过程2.对象的内存分配2.1检查加载2.2分配内存2.3内存空间初始化2.4设置2.5对象初始化3.对象的内存布局4.对象的访问定位4.1句柄4.2直接指针5.判断对象的存活5.1引用计数法5.2可达性分析5.3Class回收5.4Finalize 方法6.各种引用6.1强引用6.2软引用SoftReference6.3弱引用WeakReference6.4虚引用 PhantomReference7.栈上分配8.对象的分配策略8.1对象优先在 Eden 区分配8
JVM 对象引用
学一点吧
09-01 141
例如：类A与类B，其中A引用了B 执行过程如下： 加载类A、B 到达JVM方法区(执行到了方法) 执行字节码指令（.class文件） 执行方法，字节码执行引擎会有一个记录指令的：程序计数器 每个程序计数器对应一个线程，每个线程对应一个虚拟机栈 如果方法体中有对象的引用，则虚拟机栈会访问堆内存，去获取引用的对象实例 虚拟机栈是线程私有的，不是共享的。 堆内存中的对象实例，是共享的。 ...
玩转JVM中的对象及引用
u012781820的博客
07-23 369
一、JVM中对象的创建过程 类加载 将.class文件加载到JVM运行时数据区的过程(后面在讲) 检查加载 检查这个指令的参数是否能在常量池中定位到一个类的符号引用，并且检查类是否已经被加载、解析、初始化 内存分配 JVM给新生对象分配内存，分配内存的方式有2种： 指针碰撞 如果java的内存是规整的，所有用过的内存放在一边，没有用过的内存放在另一边，使用一个指针将其分开，那所分配内存就仅仅是将指针往没有用过的内存的方向挪动新生对象所需要内存大小相等的距离，这就是"指针碰撞"。 空闲列表 如果java的内
10章2024 Java 高分面试宝典 一站式搞定技术面&项目面
06-26
1-3 年经验的程序员：面试中你该讲哪些值钱的技术？如何用这些值钱的技术最大程度展示自己的技能？分布式组件底层逻辑是什么？ 3-5 年经验的程序员：k8s 怎么搭建实践？ 这些问题，相信每一位 Java 程序员都曾遇到过...
JVM之对象引用
HoiDev
09-11 266
强引用StringReference 创建对象，并把对象赋给一个引用变量，程序通过这个引用变量来操作对象，对象和数组都采用了强引用。 一个对象被一个或以上引用变量引用，则处于可达状态，不会被GC 软引用SoftReference 要用java.lang.ref.SoftReference实现 内存空间足够时，不会被GC；否则，可能会被GC 常用于对内存敏感的程序中 get()获取引用的对象 弱引用W
3.JVM-对象引用
苏曼的博客
12-12 141
文章目录1. 引用1.1.强引用(Strong Reference)1.2. 软引用(Soft Reference)1.3. 弱引用(Weak Reference)1.4. 虚引用(Phantom Reference)2. 引用计数算法3. 可行性分析算法 对象是不是还在被引用，是java里判断对象是不是存活的依据。如果被引用，那么对象就是存活的，如果没被引用，对象就已经死亡。 1. 引用 早期(...
实例浅析JVM内存模型和对象引用
lkforce
06-28 1264
JVM的内存模型有以下的设定： 1，有一块内存空间当做主存，叫做堆内存。 2，线程各自有各自的本地内存，叫线程栈，也叫调用栈。 3，线程栈里包含了当前线程执行的方法调用相关信息，还有当前方法的本地变量信息。 4，各线程只能访问自己的线程栈，不能访问其他线程的线程栈。 5，所有原始类型(boolean,byte,short,char,int,long,float,double)的本地...
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