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正文
and recurring problem regardless of the programming language they are using. With this,
以及反复出现的问题,而不管他们使用的是哪种编程语言。有了这个,
we are able to identify a problem and its solution by the name of the pattern and thinking
我们能够通过模式和思维的名称来识别问题及其解决方案
about a solution by a model point of view in a high abstraction level of language
从一个高抽象层次的语言模型的角度讨论一个解决方案
programming details.
编程细节。
The design patterns theme gained strength in 1994 after the Gang of Four (formed by Rich
1994年“四人帮”(Rich组建)之后,设计模式主题获得了发展
Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides) wrote Design Patterns: Elements
Gamma、richardhelm、Ralph Johnson和johnvlissides)撰写了设计模式:元素
of Reusable Object‐Oriented Software. Here, they described 23 design patterns that were later
可重用的面向对象软件。后来在这里描述了23种模式
known as GoF design patterns and are still used today.
被称为GoF设计模式,至今仍在使用。
-
over and over 转来转去 ; 〔美〕反反复复
-
as well as 既…又… ; 除…之外 ; 此外
-
In addition 另外;加之;除…之外
-
regardless of 不管 ; 不顾 ; 不理会
-
programming language 编程语言
-
by the name of 名叫…;以…为名
Explaining the Gang of Four design patterns
解释四人帮设计模式
The Gang of Four (GoF) design patterns are 23 patterns that are classified as creational patterns
四人帮(GoF)设计模式是23种被归类为创造性的模式
structural patterns, and behavioral patterns. The creational patterns control the
结构模式和行为模式。创造模式控制着
creation and initialization of the object and class selection; the structural patterns define the
对象和类选择的创建和初始化;结构模式定义
relationship between classes and objects, and the behavioral patterns control the
类和对象之间的关系,以及行为模式控制
communication and interaction between objects. As well as this, the GoF design patterns
对象之间的通信和交互。除此之外,GoF的设计模式
have two types of scope which define the focus of solutions. These scopes are object
有两种定义解决方案重点的范围。这些作用域是对象
scope, which resolves problems about object relations, and class scope, which resolves
scope用于解决有关对象关系的问题,类scope用于解决
problems about class relations.
关于类关系的问题。
The object scope works with composition and the behavior changes are done in a runtime.
对象作用域与组合一起工作,行为更改在运行时完成。
Thus, the object can have a dynamic behavior. The class scope works with inheritance and
因此,对象可以具有动态行为。类作用域使用继承和
its behavior is static-fixed at compile-time way. Then, to change the behavior of a classscope pattern, we need to change the class and recompile.
它的行为在编译时是静态固定的。然后,要更改类作用域模式的行为,我们需要更改类并重新编译。
Patterns classified as class scope solve problems about the relationship between classes and
此分类为类范围的模式解决了类之间关系
are static (fixed at compile time and cannot be changed once compiled). However, patterns
是静态的(在编译时是固定的,一旦编译就不能更改)。然而,模式
classified under the object scope solve problems about the relationship between objects and
在对象范围下进行分类,解决对象之间关系
can be changed at runtime
可以在运行时更改
-
As well as 既…又… ; 除…之外 ; 此外
-
types of 类型 ; 的型态 ; 债券的种类
-
resolves 解决 ; 决心 ; 决定 ; 作出决定 ; 作出决议 ; 表决 ; 坚定的信
The following diagram shows us the three classifications, as well as their patterns and
下图显示了三种分类,以及它们的模式和
scope:
范围:
In the preceding diagram, we can see the Factory Method pattern on the Class section and
在前面的图中,我们可以在Class部分和
the Abstract Factory pattern on the Object section. This occurs because the Factory Method
对象部分上的抽象工厂模式。这是因为工厂方法
works with inheritance and the abstract method pattern works with composition. Then, the
处理继承,抽象方法模式处理组合。然后
Factory Method is static-fixed at compile time and cannot be changed after compilation.
工厂方法在编译时是静态固定的,编译后不能更改。
However, the Abstract Factory is dynamic and can be changed at runtime.
但是,抽象工厂是动态的,可以在运行时更改。
GoF design patterns are generally described using a graphical notation such as a use case
GoF设计模式通常使用图形表示法来描述,例如用例
diagram, and an example of the implementation’s code. The used notation must be able to
图,以及实现的代码示例。使用的符号必须能够
describe the classes and objects as well as the relationship between these classes and
描述类和对象以及这些类和
objects.
对象。
The pattern’s name is an important part of the design patterns. This is because it is what the
模式的名称是设计模式的重要组成部分。这是因为
developer uses to quickly identify the problem related to the pattern and to understand
开发人员用来快速识别与模式相关的问题并理解
how the pattern will solve it. The name of the pattern must be brief and refer to the problem
模式将如何解决它。模式的名称必须简短并引用问题
and its solution.
以及它的解决方案。
-
在前面 farther on ; fore
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继承 inherit ; succeed ; carry on ; carry forward
-
抽象方法 abstract method
-
编译 compile ; translate and edit
-
静态 static state ; quiescent condition ; steady state ; statics
-
更改 change ; alter ; alteration
-
抽象 abstract
pattern is a great tool for designing software development, but its use needs to be
模式是设计软件开发的一个很好的工具,但是它的使用需要
analyzed to determine if the design pattern is really required in order to solve the problem.
分析以确定是否确实需要设计模式来解决问题。
The catalog of Gang of Four design patterns
四人帮设计模式分类目录
Names of design patterns need be succinct, making them easy to identify. This is because
设计模式的名称必须简洁,使其易于识别。这是因为
design patterns create a vocabulary for communicating between developers independent of
设计模式创建了一个独立于
programming language, permitting developers to identify problems and solutions only by
编程语言,允许开发人员通过
name of a design pattern.
设计模式的名称。
In design patterns, a catalog is a set of pattern names which are designed to permit a better
在设计模式中,目录是一组模式名,它们被设计成允许更好的的沟通在
communication between developers.
开发人员之间。
The catalog of GoF’s design patterns has 23 patterns, as 在shown in the preceding diagram.
GoF的设计模式目录有23个模式,如上图所示。
Here is a description of these patterns:
以下是对这些模式的描述:
Abstract Factory: This provides an interface to create objects without specifying
抽象工厂:这提供了一个接口来创建对象,而无需指定
their concrete class, making it possible to decouple the business logic and
它们的具体类,使业务逻辑和
the object creation logic. With this, we can update the object creation logic in an
对象创建逻辑。这样,我们就可以更新对象的创建逻辑
easy way.
简单点。
Adapter: This provides an interface that makes it possible for two incompatible
适配器:这提供了一个接口,使两个不兼容的
interfaces to work together. The adapter pattern works as a bridge between
接口协同工作。适配器模式在
interfaces, adapting these interfaces to work together. Furthermore, the adapter
接口,调整这些接口以协同工作。此外,适配器
can adopt a class or objects.
可以采用一个类或对象。
Bridge: This pattern decouples an abstraction from its implementation, making
桥:这个模式将抽象从它的实现中分离出来,使得
them vary independently. With this, we can modify the implementations without
它们各不相同。有了它,我们可以修改实现而不需要
impacting the abstractions and we can also modify the abstractions without
影响抽象,我们也可以在没有
impacting the implementations. The class of abstraction hides implementations
影响实施。抽象类隐藏了实现
and its complexity.
以及它的复杂性。
Builder: This pattern separates the construction of a complex object from its
Builder:此模式将分开复杂对象的构造与其
representation. With this, we can construct the objects of several representations
表现 。有了它,我们就可以构造多个表示的对象
using the same process to that. Thus, we create a standard process of
用同样的方法。因此,我们创建了一个
construction of objects that have a complex process to construct.
构造一个复杂的过程。
Chain of responsibility: This pattern avoids coupling the sender and receiver of
责任链:这种模式避免了
a request creating some objects that have a chance to treat the requests. These
创建一些对象的请求,这些对象有机会处理这些请求。这些
objects create a chain of receiver objects for a sender’s request. Each object of this
对象为发送方的请求创建接收方对象链。每一个目标
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