最后
分布式技术专题+面试解析+相关的手写和学习的笔记pdf
还有更多Java笔记分享如下:
new SensorReading("sensor_2", 1547718199L, 35.0),
new SensorReading("sensor_3", 1547718199L, 38.8),
new SensorReading("sensor_4", 1547718199L, 39.8)
));
DataStream<Integer> integerDataStream = env.fromElements(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 789);
//打印输出
dataStream.print("data");
integerDataStream.print("int");
//执行程序
env.execute();
}
}
**从文件读取数据**
从文件中获取数据源的核心代码部分:
DataStream dataStream = env.readTextFile("xxx ");
public class SourceTest2_File {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env=StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
//从文件读取数据
DataStream<String> dataStream = env.readTextFile("sensor.txt");
dataStream.print();
env.execute();
}
}
**从Kafka读取数据**
首先需要引入Kafka的以来到工程中
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-connector-kafka-0.11_2.12</artifactId>
<version>1.10.1</version>
public class SourceTest3_Kafka {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env=StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
Properties properties=new Properties();
properties.setProperty("bootstrap.servers","localhost:9092");
properties.setProperty("group.id","consumer-group");
properties.setProperty("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
properties.setProperty("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
properties.setProperty("auto.offset.reset","latest");
DataStream<String> dataStream=env.addSource(new FlinkKafkaConsumer011<String>("sensor",new SimpleStringSchema(),properties));
dataStream.print();
env.execute();
}
}
**自定义数据源Source**
除了从集合、文件以及Kafka中获取数据外,还给我们提供了一个自定义source的方式,需要传入sourceFunction函数。核心代码如下:
DataStream dataStream = env.addSource( new MySensor());
public class SourceTest4_UDF {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env=StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
//从文件读取数据
DataStream<SensorReading> dataStream = env.addSource(new MySensorSource());
dataStream.print();
env.execute();
}
// 实现自定义数据源
public static class MySensorSource implements SourceFunction<SensorReading>{
// 定义一个标记位,控制数据产生
private boolean running = true;
@Override
public void run(SourceContext<SensorReading> ctv) throws Exception {
// 随机数
Random random=new Random();
//设置10个初始温度
HashMap<String, Double> sensorTempMap = new HashMap<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
sensorTempMap.put("sensor_"+(i+1), 60 + random.nextGaussian() * 20); // 正态分布
}
while (running){
for (String sensorId: sensorTempMap.keySet()) {
Double newTemp = sensorTempMap.get(sensorId) + random.nextGaussian();
sensorTempMap.put(sensorId,newTemp);
ctv.collect(new SensorReading(sensorId,System.currentTimeMillis(),newTemp));
}
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
@Override
public void cancel() {
running=false;
}
}
}
[]( )三、转换算子(Transform)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
获取到指定的数据源后,还要对数据源进行分析计算等操作,
**基本转换算子:Map、flatMap、Filter**
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/fd3f77dc32574c62b2a5e44636326f28.png)
public class TransformTest1_Base {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env=StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
//从文件读取数据
DataStream<String> inputStream = env.readTextFile("sensor.txt");
// 1. map 把String转换成长度生成
DataStream<Integer> mapStream = inputStream.map(new MapFunction<String, Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer map(String value) throws Exception {
return value.length();
}
});
// 2. flatmap 按逗号切分字段
DataStream<String> flatMapStream = inputStream.flatMap(new FlatMapFunction<String, String>() {
@Override
public void flatMap(String value, Collector<String> out) throws Exception {
String[] fields=value.split(",");
for (String field : fields){
out.collect(field);
}
}
});
// 3. filter ,筛选sensor_1 开头对id对应的数据
DataStream<String> filterStream=inputStream.filter(new FilterFunction<String>() {
@Override
public boolean filter(String value) throws Exception {
return value.startsWith("sensor_1");
}
});
// 打印输出
mapStream.print("map");
flatMapStream.print("flatMap");
filterStream.print("filter");
// 执行程序
env.execute();
}
}
**KeyBy、滚动聚合算子【sum()、min()、max()、minBy()、maxBy()】**
* KeyBy:DataStream → KeyedStream:逻辑地将一个流拆分成不相交的分区,每个分区包含具有相同 key 的元素,在内部以 hash 的形式实现的。
* 如上算子可以针对 KeyedStream 的每一个支流做聚合。
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/b5ed00effe8f4789b167093dbd2f5a71.png)
public class TransformTest2_RollingAggregation {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
//从文件读取数据
DataStream<String> inputStream = env.readTextFile("sensor.txt");
// 转换成SensorReading类型
DataStream<SensorReading> dataStream=inputStream.map(new MapFunction<String, SensorReading>() {
@Override
public SensorReading map(String s) throws Exception {
String[] fields=s.split(",");
return new SensorReading(fields[0],new Long(fields[1]),new Double(fields[2]));
}
});
// DataStream<SensorReading> dataStream = inputStream.map(line -> {
// String[] fields = line.split(",");
// return new SensorReading(fields[0], new Long(fields[1]), new Double(fields[2]));
// });
// 分组
KeyedStream<SensorReading, Tuple> keyedStream = dataStream.keyBy("id");
// KeyedStream<SensorReading, String> keyedStream1 = dataStream.keyBy(SensorReading::getId);
//滚动聚合,取当前最大的温度值
// DataStream<SensorReading> resultStream = keyedStream.maxBy("temperature");
DataStream<SensorReading> resultStream = keyedStream.maxBy("temperature");
resultStream.print();
env.execute();
}
}
**Reduce**
KeyedStream → DataStream:一个分组数据流的聚合操作,合并当前的元素和上次聚合的结果,产生一个新的值,返回的流中包含每一次聚合的结果,而不是只返回最后一次聚合的最终结果。
public class TransformTest3_Reduce {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
//从文件读取数据
DataStream<String> inputStream = env.readTextFile("sensor.txt");
// 转换成SensorReading类型
DataStream<SensorReading> dataStream=inputStream.map(new MapFunction<String, SensorReading>() {
@Override
public SensorReading map(String s) throws Exception {
String[] fields=s.split(",");
return new SensorReading(fields[0],new Long(fields[1]),new Double(fields[2]));
}
});
// 分组
KeyedStream<SensorReading, Tuple> keyedStream = dataStream.keyBy("id");
// reduce 聚合,取最大的温度,以及当前最新对时间戳
DataStream<SensorReading> resultStream = keyedStream.reduce(new ReduceFunction<SensorReading>() {
@Override
public SensorReading reduce(SensorReading value1, SensorReading value2) throws Exception {
return new SensorReading(value1.getId(), value2.getTimestamp(), Math.max(value1.getTemperature(), value2.getTemperature()));
}
});
resultStream.print();
env.execute();
}
}
**分流【Split 、Select】、合流【Connect 、CoMap、union】**
**Split**
> DataStream → SplitStream:根据某些特征把一个 DataStream 拆分成两个或者多个 DataStream。
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/0b979dde0ecc426fb3d6e0b905a4b83c.png)
**Select**
> SplitStream→DataStream:从一个 SplitStream 中获取一个或者多个DataStream。
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/cff672217eea4a4e863d5f30a0f5468f.png)
**Connect**
> DataStream,DataStream → ConnectedStreams:连接两个保持他们类型的数据流,两个数据流被 Connect 之后,只是被放在了一个同一个流中,内部依然保持各自的数据和形式不发生任何变化,两个流相互独立。
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/98dc4a2c239940b799cd96c069e8032d.png)
**CoMap、CoFlatMap**
> ConnectedStreams → DataStream:作用于 ConnectedStreams 上,功能与 map和 flatMap 一样,对 ConnectedStreams 中的每一个 Stream 分别进行 map 和 flatMap处理。
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/e78c152642f647a294df31f98040e641.png)
**Union**
> DataStream → DataStream:对两个或者两个以上的 DataStream 进行 union 操作,产生一个包含所有 DataStream 元素的新 DataStream。
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/e0f9b972fa264400ae92ae71ea52734d.png)
DataStream unionStream = xxxstream.union(xxx);
Connect 与 Union 区别:
* Union 之前两个流的类型必须是一样,Connect 可以不一样,在之后的 coMap中再去调整成为一样的。
* Connect 只能操作两个流,Union 可以操作多个。
public class TransformTest4_MultipleStreams {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
//从文件读取数据
DataStream<String> inputStream = env.readTextFile("sensor.txt");
// 转换成SensorReading类型
DataStream<SensorReading> dataStream=inputStream.map(new MapFunction<String, SensorReading>() {
@Override
public SensorReading map(String s) throws Exception {
String[] fields=s.split(",");
return new SensorReading(fields[0],new Long(fields[1]),new Double(fields[2]));
}
});
// 1。分流 按照温度值30度为界进行分流
SplitStream<SensorReading> splitStream = dataStream.split(new OutputSelector<SensorReading>() {
@Override
public Iterable<String> select(SensorReading value) {
return (value.getTemperature() > 30) ? Collections.singletonList("high") : Collections.singletonList("low");
}
});
// 通过条件选择对应流数据
DataStream<SensorReading> highTempStream = splitStream.select("high");
DataStream<SensorReading> lowTempStream = splitStream.select("low");
DataStream<SensorReading> allTempStream = splitStream.select("high","low");
highTempStream.print("high");
lowTempStream.print("low");
allTempStream.print("all");
// 2。合流 connect,先将高温流转换为二元组,与低温流合并后,输出状态信息。
DataStream<Tuple2<String, Double>> warningStream = highTempStream.map(new MapFunction<SensorReading, Tuple2<String, Double>>() {
@Override
public Tuple2<String, Double> map(SensorReading value) throws Exception {
return new Tuple2<>(value.getId(), value.getTemperature());
}
});
// 只能是两条流进行合并,但是两条流的数据类型可以不一致
ConnectedStreams<Tuple2<String, Double>, SensorReading> connectStream = warningStream.connect(lowTempStream);
DataStream<Object> resultStream = connectStream.map(new CoMapFunction<Tuple2<String, Double>, SensorReading, Object>() {
@Override
public Object map1(Tuple2<String, Double> value) throws Exception {
return new Tuple3<>(value.f0, value.f1, "high temp warning");
}
@Override
public Object map2(SensorReading value) throws Exception {
return new Tuple2<>(value.getId(), "normal");
}
});
resultStream.print();
// 3。union联合多条流 限制就是每条流数据类型必须一致
DataStream<SensorReading> union = highTempStream.union(lowTempStream, allTempStream);
union.print("union stream");
env.execute();
}
}
[]( )四、数据输出(Sink)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flink官方提供了一部分框架的Sink,用户也可以自定义实现Sink。flink将任务进行输出的操作核心代码:`stream.addSink(new MySink(xxxx))`。
**Kafka**
引入Kafka依赖:
org.apache.flink
flink-connector-kafka-0.11_2.12
1.10.1
public class SinkTest1_Kafka {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
//从文件读取数据
DataStream<String> inputStream = env.readTextFile("/Volumes/Update/flink/flink_test/src/main/resources/sensor.txt");
// 转换成SensorReading类型
DataStream<String> dataStream=inputStream.map(new MapFunction<String, String>() {
@Override
public String map(String s) throws Exception {
String[] fields=s.split(",");
return new SensorReading(fields[0],new Long(fields[1]),new Double(fields[2])).toString();
}
});
//输出到外部系统
dataStream.addSink(new FlinkKafkaProducer011<String>("localhost:9092","sinktest",new SimpleStringSchema()));
env.execute();
}
}
**Redis**
引入Redis依赖:
org.apache.bahir
flink-connector-redis_2.11
1.0
public class SinkTest2_Redis {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
//从文件读取数据
DataStream<String> inputStream = env.readTextFile("/Volumes/Update/flink/flink_test/src/main/resources/sensor.txt");
// 转换成SensorReading类型
DataStream<SensorReading> dataStream=inputStream.map(new MapFunction<String, SensorReading>() {
@Override
public SensorReading map(String s) throws Exception {
String[] fields=s.split(",");
return new SensorReading(fields[0],new Long(fields[1]),new Double(fields[2]));
}
});
// jedis配置
FlinkJedisPoolConfig config = new FlinkJedisPoolConfig.Builder()
.setHost("localhost")
.setPort(6379)
.build();
dataStream.addSink(new RedisSink<>(config,new MyRedisMapper()));
env.execute();
}
// 自定义RedisMapper
public static class MyRedisMapper implements RedisMapper<SensorReading>{
//自定义保存数据到Redis的命令,存成hash表Hset
@Override
public RedisCommandDescription getCommandDescription() {
return new RedisCommandDescription(RedisCommand.HSET,"sensor_temp");
}
@Override
public String getKeyFromData(SensorReading data) {
return data.getId();
}
@Override
public String getValueFromData(SensorReading data) {
return data.getTemperature().toString();
}
}
}
**Elasticsearch**
引入依赖:
org.apache.flink
flink-connector-elasticsearch6_2.12
1.10.1
public class SinkTest3_ES {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env;
env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
//从文件读取数据
DataStream<String> inputStream = env.readTextFile("/Volumes/Update/flink/flink_test/src/main/resources/sensor.txt");
// 转换成SensorReading类型
DataStream<SensorReading> dataStream=inputStream.map(new MapFunction<String, SensorReading>() {
public SensorReading map(String s) throws Exception {
String[] fields=s.split(",");
return new SensorReading(fields[0],new Long(fields[1]),new Double(fields[2]));
}
});
// 定义ES的链接配置
ArrayList<HttpHost> httpHosts = new ArrayList<>();
httpHosts.add(new HttpHost("localhost",9200));
dataStream.addSink(new ElasticsearchSink.Builder<SensorReading>(httpHosts,new MyEsSinkFunction()).build());
env.execute();
}
写在最后
很多人感叹“学习无用”,实际上之所以产生无用论,是因为自己想要的与自己所学的匹配不上,这也就意味着自己学得远远不够。无论是学习还是工作,都应该有主动性,所以如果拥有大厂梦,那么就要自己努力去实现它。
最后祝愿各位身体健康,顺利拿到心仪的offer!
由于文章的篇幅有限,所以这次的蚂蚁金服和京东面试题答案整理在了PDF文档里
orReading map(String s) throws Exception {
String[] fields=s.split(",");
return new SensorReading(fields[0],new Long(fields[1]),new Double(fields[2]));
}
});
// 定义ES的链接配置
ArrayList<HttpHost> httpHosts = new ArrayList<>();
httpHosts.add(new HttpHost("localhost",9200));
dataStream.addSink(new ElasticsearchSink.Builder<SensorReading>(httpHosts,new MyEsSinkFunction()).build());
env.execute();
}
写在最后
很多人感叹“学习无用”,实际上之所以产生无用论,是因为自己想要的与自己所学的匹配不上,这也就意味着自己学得远远不够。无论是学习还是工作,都应该有主动性,所以如果拥有大厂梦,那么就要自己努力去实现它。
最后祝愿各位身体健康,顺利拿到心仪的offer!
由于文章的篇幅有限,所以这次的蚂蚁金服和京东面试题答案整理在了PDF文档里
[外链图片转存中…(img-ySgiO39s-1715283496284)]
[外链图片转存中…(img-POSJ4r7U-1715283496285)]
[外链图片转存中…(img-255Xfpgu-1715283496285)]