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/* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long. */
/* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if realloc returns
the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
between objects pointed by the old and new pointers. */
extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size)
__THROW attribute_warn_unused_result attribute_alloc_size ((2));
/* Free a block allocated by malloc',
realloc’ or `calloc’. */
extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
### 三、函数作用
形参的作用:
>
> * `__size`:要被分配的元素大小(单位是字节)
> * `__nmemb`:要被分配的元素个数
> * `__ptr`:指向已分配内存块的指针
>
>
>
函数的作用:
| 函数 | 参数 | 返回值 | 作用 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `malloc` | `__size` | `void *` | 分配`__size`字节大小的内存块,并返回指向该内存块的指针 |
| `calloc` | `__nmemb`, `__size` | `void` | 分配`__nmemb`个`__size`字节大小的内存块,并返回指向该内存块的指针 |
| `realloc` | `__ptr`, `__size` | `long int` | 把`__ptr`内存块重新分配为`__size`字节大小,并返回指向新内存块的指针 |
| `free` | `__ptr` | `void` | 把`__ptr`内存块进行释放 |
注意点:
* `malloc` 和 `calloc` 函数之间的不同点是,`malloc` 函数不会设置内存块为零,而 `calloc` 函数会设置分配的内存块为零
* `realloc` 函数的`__ptr`参数内存块之前是通过调用 `malloc`、`calloc` 或 `realloc` 进行分配内存的。如果为空指针,则会分配一个新的内存块,且函数返回一个指向它的指针
* `realloc` 函数的`__size`参数为`0`,则相当与`free`函数,并返回空指针
* 没有分配的内存块不能使用`free`函数,会造成内存泄露
### 四、使用
* 源代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct person {
int age;
int height;
int weight;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct person *person;
person = (struct person \*)malloc(sizeof(struct person));
person->age = 20;
person->height = 175;
person->weight = 130;
printf("persons.age: %d\n", person->age);
printf("persons.height: %d\n", person->height);
printf("persons.weight: %d\n", person->weight);
free(person);
person = (struct person \*)calloc(1, sizeof(struct person));
person->age = 30;
person->height = 180;
person->weight = 150;
printf("persons.age: %d\n", person->age);
printf("persons.height: %d\n", person->height);
printf("persons.weight: %d\n", person->weight);
person = (struct person \*)realloc(person, 2 \* sizeof(struct person));
person->age = 30;
person->height = 180;
person->weight = 150;
printf("persons.age: %d\n", person->age);
printf("persons.height: %d\n", person->height);
printf("persons.weight: %d\n", person->weight);
person++; // 指向第二项结构体
person->age = 40;
person->height = 185;
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